Procedures of Mortar Spraying Machine

1. General

1.0.1 To improve the overall level of mechanical spraying plastering construction, the
technology is advanced, economical, safe, applicable and reliable.
1.0.2 This procedure is applicable to the mechanical plastering construction of ready-mixed
and pre-mixed dry-mix mortar.
1.0.3 Mechanical spraying plastering construction, in addition to complying with this
regulation, should also comply with the relevant national and local standards.

2. Preparation before construction

2.1 Do the protective measures for the finished projects such as doors and windows, roof
panels, electrical switch boxes, wire boxes, railings, etc., to avoid mortar splashing and
staining.

2.2 Clearance:
1. Clean the mortar, dirt, dust, etc. remaining on the surface of the base layer.
2. The surface of the steel mesh wall, the top plate, etc. should be flattened, and the
honeycomb, pockmark, and exposed keel should be removed, and the exposed wire head
should be removed beforehand.
3. The installation of the water and electric pipe, fire hydrant box and distribution box is
completed.

2.3 According to the indoor height and the specific situation of the plastering site, set up the
high stools and shelves for the plastering operation in advance. The shelf should be away
from the wall and the corner of the wall 200~250mm for operation. The outdoor spraying
construction should be done with the scaffolding of the outer scaffolding. The scaffolding
should be fully seated and no space is left.

2.4 According to the plastering quality grade required by the design drawings, according to
the flatness and vertical condition of the base layer, hang the vertical, the square, and find
the rules. After the inspection, determine the plaster thickness, and make the gray cake and
the standard reinforcement according to the construction requirements. The grid should be
installed first.
 NO. Subject Allowable Units Method of Test
deviation
Regular Premium
Mortar Mortar
1 Perpendicularity mm Measure with vertical inspection
±4 ±3
ruler (2m)
2 Surface mm Measure with vertical inspection
±4 ±3
Roughness ruler (2m)
3 Internal & mm Measure with right angle ruler
±4 ±3
external corners
4 Separation Joint mm Measure with 5m straighten line,
±4 ±3
Straightness measure with ruler.
5 Skirting mm Measure with 5m straighten line,
±4 ±3
Straightness measure with ruler.

2.5 The mortar corner line of beams, columns, door and window openings, skirting boards,
window sills, wall skirts, etc. should be done.

2.6 Determine whether to water in advance according to different substrates, construction

climate and mortar performance.
2.7 The base of the different materials shall be provided with a reinforcing mesh, and the
overlapping width of the reinforcing mesh and each substrate shall not be less than 200 mm.

3. Mortar Preparation

3.1 Raw material requirements

3.1.1 Cement should use 32.5 grade ordinary Portland cement or composite Portland
cement.

3.1.2 Sand should be used in medium sand. It must be sieved before use. The maximum
particle size should not exceed 2.36mm. The on-site mixing mortar sand particle size cannot
be changed once it is determined, other indicators must meet the requirements of
construction sand.
3.1.3 In addition to the provincial or provincial new product identification certificate, the
additive used in mechanical spraying mortar should also meet the special requirements of
mechanized spraying construction, with water retention, thickening, anti-sagging, anti-
cracking, etc. performance.

3.1.4 Tap water should be used for mortar mixing. When other water sources are used, the
water quality should meet the requirements of standard for concrete mixing water.

4. Mortar Formula and Performance

4.1 Proportion (reference):

cement 100kg; sand 200kg; admixture 150g; anti-cracking fiber 200g (non-essential
additive); water 25kg

4.2 The water retention capacity of the mortar should be greater than 90%, and the loss rate
of 2-hour consistency should not be greater than 25%.

4.3 The consistency of the mortar into the spray pump should be controlled between 80-
100mm.

5. Mechanical Equipment

5.1 Device Configuration

5.1.1 Mortar spraying and supporting equipment include continuous mixer, mortar pump
(high-rise), mortar spraying pump, etc.
5.1.2 The machine is equipped with a continuous mixer. The water consumption should be
controlled according to the required consistency. The flow automatic control valve or
manual control valve is used to ensure the consistency of the mortar can meet the
construction requirements.

5.1.2 The mortar spraying pump comprises a vibrating screen, an air compressor, a slurry
pipeline, a gas pipeline, a spray gun, a cleaning device, etc.
5.1.3 The selection of the mortar spraying equipment and its supporting equipment shall be
determined according to the construction requirements. The horizontal conveying distance
of the low-level spraying shall not be less than 40 meters, and the vertical conveying
distance shall not be less than 30 meters. The capacity of the hopper is not less than 170
liters, and the gas transmission switch synchronously controls the function of the mortar
spraying pump, and has the functions of speed regulation and forward and reverse rotation.

5.1.4 The vibrating screen can be disassembled and installed according to the condition of
the mortar. The mesh size should be between 8-10mm.

5.1.5 Air compressor, the maximum working pressure is not more than 0.8MPa, and the

displacement is not less than 180 ㎥/h.

5.1.6 The conveying pipe adopts Kevlar fiber tube or steel braided pipe. The inner diameter
of the conveying pipe should be 38mm, the length of single pipe is 12m, the ratio of the
rated working pressure to the rated working pressure of the mortar spraying pump is not
less than 1.2, and the configuration is fast self-locking. The joint, the inner hole of the quick
self-locking joint and the inner hole of the pipe should be smoothly smoothed.
5.1.7 The inner diameter of the gas pipe is 13mm, and the ratio of the rated working
pressure to the rated working pressure of the air compressor is not less than 2.

5.1.8 The spray gun is a straight spray gun. The air flow regulating valve is arranged on the
spray gun. The distance of the gas pipeline inside the gun is adjustable. The nozzle diameter
should be adjusted according to different materials.

5.1.9 When the mortar is sprayed or pumped, the horizontal or vertical distance is greater
than 20m, and communication equipment is required.

6. Equipment Installation

6.1 The layout of the equipment should be reasonably determined according to the actual
construction conditions. It should be arranged according to the shortest mortar transport
distance to facilitate the transportation of mortar and reduce the number of movements of
equipment.
6.2 The site where the mortar conveying equipment is installed shall be solid and flat, and
shall be placed on the concrete floor. The wheels shall be wedged and placed in a stable
position.

6.3 Mortar spraying slurry conveying pipe shall not be bent and coiled during the
arrangement, and the joint of the pipe shall be sealed, and no dripping or dripping shall be
allowed.

6.4 Mortar conveying iron pipes and hoses must be firmly fixed on the wall or scaffolding.
The connection between the horizontal and vertical slurry pipes should be no less than 90°.

6.5 When spraying, the bending radius of the drag pipe shall not be less than 1.2m.

6.6 Check: Open the mixing cover before powering on to see if there are any large objects to
prevent the rotation from being stuck and then check if there is any object in the discharge
bin.

6.7 Power-on test run: plug the cable machine end plug (when the power switch is off) The
other end of the cable is connected to the three power supplies (the rated current must be
greater than 40 amps). Close the switch and turn on the main power switch of the machine.
The red indicator light turns on the air pump switch to check whether the mixer switch is
normally turned on to see if the operation is normal. Jog control screw pump to check the
operation.

6.8 Start the test run after the current test work is normal.

7. Construction Process

7.1 The construction procedures and construction plans shall be scientifically and reasonably
determined according to the construction site conditions and schedule requirements.
Generally, each spraying equipment should be equipped with 2-4 persons for feeding, 2 for
spray guns, and 4-6 for smoothing operators. If there are special processes such as pulling
the hair in the subsequent process, it is necessary to provide additional construction
workers.
7.2 Before the formal operation of the mortar conveying and spraying equipment, the water
supply test operation shall be carried out. The rotation direction of the conveying blades in
the hopper shall be checked, and each working system and safety device shall be inspected,
and its operation shall be normal and reliable.

7.3 Spraying equipment should first be filled with lubricating material in the pipeline. The
lubricating material can be a certain consistency of cellulose ether aqueous solution. The
quantity is controlled according to the length of the conveying pipe. After the filling, the
mortar is put into operation, and the spraying operation should be in the mortar. When the
pipe exits smoothly, a spray gun is installed to prepare for spraying.

7.4 According to the actual situation, it is determined that the spraying sequence and route
will be started. Generally, it can be applied first, then first, then up, down, and after.

7.5 Spray the wall with low water absorption before spraying, and then spray the wall with
high water absorption.

7.6 When spraying, the spray gun should be kept at an angle upwards, generally 30°. The
distance between the nozzle and the base layer should be controlled within 30 cm.

7.7 The spray gun should be moved evenly from top to bottom, and the spray width should
be between 1.2-1.5m. The thickness of one spray should not exceed 10mm. When it is
exceeded, it should be carried out separately. The second spray should be carried out after
the first mortar reaches 66%. When the total thickness of the plaster layer is greater than or
35 mm, reinforcement measures against the substrate should be taken.

7.8 During the construction of the inner wall, the first time can be sprayed in the order from
top to bottom. When the second construction is completed, the wall above 20cm above the
bottom is sprayed first, and the wall below 20cm can be manually smoothed by the floor ash
when the upper part is flattened. When constructing the external wall, the method of
squeezing and squeezing should be selected. The material on the aluminum scraper should
be recycled into the special container in time to reduce the falling ash.

7.9 When the construction needs to be suspended midway, the machine should be turned
off. To prevent blockage, the machine can be started at regular intervals according to actual
conditions.

8. Treatment after Spray

8.1 After spraying, it is advisable to do the smearing process in the second half of the time.
When the spraying volume is insufficient, it should be filled in time.

8.2 The falling ash in the spraying process should be cleaned up and used in time, and the
falling ash cannot be used again for spraying construction.

8.3 Clean the spray equipment, pipes and spray guns in time after spraying.

8.4 After the spray mortar is hardened and cured, it should be moisturized and maintained
in time, and the curing time should not be less than 7d.

8.4 When working with mortar conveying equipment, pay attention to observe the pressure
change of the slurry pump. When the gauge pressure exceeds the specified maximum
pressure value, the pressure should be reversed immediately after completion.

8.5 When spraying, pay attention to the discharge condition of the spray gun. When the
spray nozzle does not discharge, the discharge is uneven, and the spray is not smooth, stop
immediately, check the foreign matter at the spray nozzle, the consistency of the mortar,
and the working pressure of the mortar spray pump.

8.6 The gas flow rate and the position of the air nozzle should be adjusted according to the
mortar flow rate, so that the mortar is sprayed flat and compact, and the rebound ash is
reduced.

8.7 When using various equipment such as pumping, spraying, etc. (including nozzles, pipe
couplings, pipes, etc.), ensure that the equipment used is within the safe life cycle.

9. Equipment Repairs and Maintenance

9.1 Before starting the work, check whether the lubricating oil is added according to the
requirements of the equipment, whether the electrical protection device is effective, and
check the wear condition of the gas pipe and the slurry pipe.

9.2 After the spraying equipment is finished, it should be cleaned in time, and the
maintenance, maintenance and repair work should be done to keep the equipment in good
condition.

9.3 When cleaning the slurry pipeline, the mortar should be drained first, and then cleaned
with water. Finally, 1-2 matching sponge balls are added for flushing.

9.4 Mortar conveying and spraying equipment shall be regularly inspected for wearable
parts according to their requirements. If the wear is serious, the damage shall be adjusted
and replaced in time.
9.5 Pumping mortar should be carried out continuously. When the stop time is more than 20
minutes, the anti-blocking measures should be taken. You can choose to clean the pipeline
or restart the machine to maintain a certain degree of fluidity in the pipeline.

9.6 Due to power outages, mechanical failures, etc., when the start-up time cannot be
started, the pipeline and pump should be manually used in time.
The mortar in the body is cleaned up.

9.7 When the mortar is pumped, the amount of mortar in the hopper should not be less
than 1/3 of the depth of the hopper. Otherwise, pumping should be stopped to prevent air
from entering the pumping system and causing air resistance.

10. Quality Requirements and Inspection

10.1 The mechanical spraying plastering works should be firmly bonded between the
plastering layer and the substrate and between the plastering layers, and there should be no
defects such as delamination, hollow drums and cracks.

10.2 The width and depth of the mechanical spray plastering grid (seam) shall be uniform
and uniform, the edges and corners shall be neat and straight; the position of the cavity,
groove and box shall be correct, the edge of the plastering surface shall be neat; the yin and
yang angles shall be smooth and smooth.
10.3 The surface of the mechanical spraying plaster layer shall be smooth and clean, the
joints shall be flat, the line angles shall be straight and clear, and the surface of the matte
surface shall be uniform.

10.4 When the summer temperature is higher than 30 °C, the external wall should be
covered with plastering and should be strengthened.

11. Security Protection

11.1 Spraying workers should wear safety protective equipment such as overalls, non-slip
shoes, safety helmets, gloves and safety glasses. When working at heights, safety belts must
be fastened.

11.2 When spraying, it is strictly forbidden to align the nozzle to the person. When cleaning
the pipeline, the pump must be reversed and then cleaned.

11.3 Lubricating slurry and landing ash should be collected in time and should be properly
used to avoid environmental pollution.

11.4 Mortar spraying and conveying equipment must be operated, managed and maintained
by special personnel. Safety checks should be done before work.

11.5 The overload safety device should be inspected before spraying. The pressure gauge
should be observed and changed at any time during spraying to prevent overload and safety.

11.6 When the equipment is in operation, it shall not be overhauled; when the equipment
fails, it shall not continue to operate.

11.7 When the equipment is being repaired and cleaned, it shall be powered off and listed,
or listed for special care.

11.8 Non-professional maintenance personnel shall not disassemble or adjust the safety
device.