PAK STUDIES

KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

MARCH 1, 2019
SUBMITTED BY: AAAAAAAAAAA
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Question#01.

Failure of the Movement and congress role in the failure of khilafat

movement:

This movement was started by Muslims of India by Ali brothers.the Ali brothers include
maulana Mohammad Ali johar and his brother maulana shaukat Ali johar.

Maulana ali johar went to England to convince British to not bring turkey in to this cause and
sultan of ottoman empire at the time .he did this because the sultan Mustafa kamal was caliph at
the time and demolishing the empire was the violation against Islamic benefits.

This was see an violation because MECCA and MADINA were under the control of Ottoman
Empire and now the muslims sacred place was being separated from the rule of muslims.

Khilafat failure include an incident known as chauri chaura that was small village in india and
trouble started between police and mobs.some people were peacefully protesting against british
but some mobs ignited fire at police station and causing 22 police men to die.Ghandhi was in
jail at that time and was devastated by incident and he called off the non-corporation movement
and moved on .this made muslims angry and also caused many hindus to leave the campaign
,leaving small amount of muslims left behind.

Main leaders of the movement were imprisoned.hindus were only interested in self rule and
didn’t contribute in the movement. And all muslims didn’t contribute in the movement whole
heartedly and dedication.

The abolition of Khilafat by Kamal Ataturk was a serious blow on Khilafat movement in the sub-
continent and he exiled Sultan Abdul Majeed, a helpless Caliph and abolished Khilafat as an
institution, due to this all agitational activities came to an end in the Sub-continent.
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The Hijrat Movement made the Muslims disillusioned with the Khilafat Movement due to the
declaration of India as Darul-Harab. A large number of Muslims migrated from Sindh and
N.W.F.P to Afghanistan. The Afghan authorities did not allow them to cross the border. After
this tragic event those who had advocated the Hijrat movement come to realize their mistake
which resulted in failure of movement.

People representing the movement were badly suppressed by the British government. The
opinion of people of India about Turkey, and Ottoman Caliphate didn’t matter to the British
government. Britain sought it’s own interests in middle east and completely ignored
sentiments of Indian people. British government always denied having talks with the
representatives of the movement. They divided Ottoman Empire.

Gandhi, who was the leader of Khilafat committee, called off the movement immediately at
it’s height, due to Chauri Chaura incident. This event was very disappointing for many
people and the Muslim leaders of the movement. The movement lost it’s large support it
gained due to Gandhi, Hindu-Muslim unity shattered, many Hindus and Muslims left the
Khilafat cause for the Congress.

The majority of Turkish people found themselves supporting Kemal Ataturk, The sultanate
lost it’s support among the Turkish people. Ataturk proclaimed the popular republic and
abolished the Caliphate. This was the the final blow for the movement, as now there was no
Caliphate they wanted to protect.

Question#2.

Khilafat movement leads to seprate homeland for muslims

Khilafat movement’s objective was to convince the British not to abolish or divide the Caliphate
as Muslims of subcontinent and many muslims around the world had great respect for the
institution of Caliphate. It failed to achieve this aim, however, it had a great impact on daily
Indian politics and increased anti-british sentiment in India, which eventually lead to
independence from the British.

The Khilafat movement was started to safeguard the Khilafat in Turkey, an issue which
essentially belonged to the Muslims. By the involvement of Hindus the Movement grew forceful
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and there was possibility of meeting the movement with success. The British Government was
the common enemy of the Muslims and Hindus. That is why, both the nations continued united
efforts against it. But the difference between the Hindus and Muslims became even more
pronounced and many other events showed that the opposition of Hindus to British Government
was not lasting. When Khilafat Movement reached at its success, the Hindus especially Mr.
Gandhi gave up from movement and leaved the Muslims alone and caused the failure of
Movement.

The Khilafat movement proved that Hindus and Muslims were two different nations as they
could not continue the unity and could not live together. The Khilafat Movement created
political consciousness among the Indian Muslims, which inspired them to constitute another
movement for then Independence. Thus, they started Pakistan Movement

Khilafat Movement was an important step towards the Muslim political development. Muslims
learnt the importance of leadership and political organization. The movement did a great job in
uniting the Muslims of India against Britain in support of the Caliph of Turkey. It aroused the
feelings of Indian Muslims for their brothers in the world. Muslims got the idea and desire of a
separate homeland for themselves. Once again, due to various incidents that took place during
this movement, the Muslims became aware that they could no longer trust on Hindus and British.
Both betrayed them on various occasions. Congress suddenly quit the movement when it had
reached its climax. If Muslims have to survive, they will have to do it on their own. No
dependence on other nations.