Republic of the Philippines

Division of Laguna
S.Y. 2018-2019

(Inductive and Deductive Reasoning)

November 13, 2018

 I. Objectives

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:

a. Define inductive and deductive reasoning.

b. Construct a conclusion of the given statement.

c. Relate inductive and deductive reasoning in real life situation.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Reference:

 Mathematics Learner’s Module (Author: Emmanuel P. Abuzo,

Merden L. Bryant, Jem Boy B. Cabrella, Belen P. Caldez, Melvin M.
Callanta, Anastacia Proserfina I. Castro, Alicia R. Halabaso, Sonia
P. Javier, Roger T. Nocom, and Conception S. Ternida; Title:
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning; Publisher: Department of
Education; Page number: 325-327)

Materials: Printed materials, chalk and chalkboard, and visual aids.

Values: Critical thinking skills, logical thinking skills, reasoning skills,

collaborative learning, creative skills, and analytical thinking skills.

III. Procedure

Teachers’ Activity Students' Activity

A. Daily Routine

“Let us pray.”

“Good morning Class!” “Good morning Ma’am!”

“Before you take your seat, kindly arrange

your chairs and please pick up the pieces (The students will move.)
of papers or any trash under your chair.”

“Thank you class. You may now take your (The students will take their sit.)
seat.”

“Ms. Secretary is there anyone whose (The secretary will answer.)

absent for today?”

B. Review

“Before we proceed to next lesson for “If and then statement is a conditional
today, let us first have a quick review of statement formed by joining two
our previous lesson. Again, what is if and statements which are the hypothesis and
then statement?” its conclusion.”
“What is a converse statement?” “A converse statement is

“What is an inverse statement?” “An inverse statement is

“What is a contrapositive statement?” “A contrapositive statement is

“How to denote If-then statement?” “If p, then q.”

“How to denote converse statement?” “If q, then p.”

“How to denote inverse statement?” “If not p, then not q.”

“How to denote contrapositive statement?” “If not q, then not p.”

“How to create a converse statement?” “Switching or exchanging the hypothesis

and the conclusion of the given original
conditional statement.”

“How to make an inverse statement?” “Get the opposite of the given original
conditional statement.”

“How to make contrapositive statement?”
Lesson Proper
“Get the opposite of the given original
conditional statement then, switch,
exchange or converse its hypothesis and
conclusion.”

C. Motivation
Title: FIND!
Materials: Printed materials, chalk and
chalkboard.

“Class I will show you a figure and all you “Yes Ma’am!”
have to do is to answer my question.”

“Are you ready?”

Guide question:

How many squares can you find?

1.

Answer: 11
How many squares can you find?

2.

Answer: 40

The students will be given 1minute to

answer each question and the students
whom got the correct answer will be given
an additional point for recitation and a
secret price.

D. Activity
Title: What can you conclude?
Materials: Printed Materials, chalk and
chalkboard.

”Now, let’s have another activity entitled

as What can you conclude? Each of you
will choose your partner in this task and all
you have to do is to answer the items that
I wrote in the Manila paper for you to
come up in our lesson. And I will give you
5 minutes to answer it.”

Direction: Answer the following.

I. Look for the following sequence then

give the next figure or number.

1. __________ Answer:

2. 5, 8, 11, 14, _____. Answer: 17

3. __________ Answer:

II. Study the following stamen then give its

conclusion.

1. All dogs are mammals. All mammals Answer: All dogs have hearts.
have hearts. Therefore,_____________.
2. All birds can fly. An ostrich is a bird. Answer: Ostrich can fly.
Therefore,________________________.

3. All men are mortal. Sheryl is mortal. Answer: Sheryl is a man.

Therefore,________________________.

E. Analysis

“What did you observe in our activity?” (Student will answer.)

“Based on the activity I, you’ve experience

the inductive reasoning, while in II you’ve
experienced the deductive reasoning. (Student will answer.)
Now, what can you conclude about the
inductive and deductive reasoning?”

“Now, What do you think is our lesson for “Inductive and deductive reasoning.”
today?”

F. Abstraction

“Inductive reasoning uses a specific

example to arrive at a general rule,
generalizations, or conclusions. Here you
were looking first for a pattern before
going to your conclusion. While, deductive
reasoning is a type of logical reasoning
that uses accepted facts to reason out in a
step-by-step manner before going to your
conclusion. In short, it uses basic and/or
general statements to arrive at a
conclusion. Now, let’s try another
example.”

1.

___________
________
2. A regular polygon is equilateral. Baron
is regular pentagon. Therefore, BARON is
a regular equilateral polygon.

3. My older brother is good at Math.

My friend’s older brother is good at Math.
My neighbor’s big brother is a math tutor.
Therefore, all older brothers are good at
Math.
4. An angle is acute if its measure is
between 0⁰ and 90⁰. Angle B is acute.
Therefore, Angle B measures between 0⁰
and 90⁰

5. 7, 10, 6, 9, 5, 8 .

“Any questions or further reactions?” “None ma’am.”

The teacher will give other examples that
would be answer by the student.

1. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four Answer:

sides. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral. Therefore, a parallelogram is a polygon
Therefore, ________________________. with four sides.

2. If points are collinear, then they lie on Answer:

the same line. Points R, M, and N are Therefore, points R, M and N lie on the
collinear. Therefore, ________________. same line.

3. My Mathematics teacher is strict. Answer:

My previous Mathematics teacher was Therefore, all Mathematics teachers are
strict. strict.
Tita’s Mathematics teacher is strict.
Therefore,_________________________.

G. Generalization

“Let’s have a quick summary of our lesson “Inductive reasoning is looking for a
today. Again, what is inductive pattern. It refers to reasoning that takes
reasoning?” specific information before making a
broader generalization.”

“How about deductive reasoning?” “Deductive reasoning is a type of logical

reasoning that uses accepted facts to
reason in a step-by-step manner until we
arrive at the desired statement.”

“Give the difference between inductive “Inductive reasoning uses a specific

and deductive reasoning.”
example to arrive at a general rule,
generalizations, or conclusions. While,
deductive reasoning uses basic and/or
general statements to arrive at a
conclusion.”

“What do you think is the connection of

inductive reasoning and deductive (Student will answer.)
reasoning in real-life or real-world
application?”

H. Application

Direction: Identify the kind of reasoning

used in the following statement.

1. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ___ Answer: 30

2. Filipinos are hospitable. Bonifacio is a Answer: Therefore, Bonifacio is

Filipino. Therefore, _________________. hospitable.

3. My sister’s intelligent in Mathematics.

My classmate’s sister is intelligent in
Mathematics.
My neighbor’s sister is intelligent in
Mthematics.
 Therefore, ________________________. Answer: Therefore, all sisters are
intelligent in Mathematics.

4. A regular polygon is equiangular. ABC Answer: Therefore, ABC is equiangular.

is a regular polygon. Therefore, _______.

5. 1 x 10 = 10
2 x 10 = 20
3 x 10 = 30
4 x 10 = 40
24 x 10 = ___ Answer: 240

H. Evaluation

Direction: Draw a conclusion from each given situation and identify the kind od
reasoning used.

1. Coplanar points are points on the same plane. X, Y, Z, are coplanar. Therefore, ___.

2. A child’s teacher in pre-school was a female. In his grades 1 and 2, his teachers were
both female. The child may say that ________________________________________.

3. 1, 3, 9, 27,81, 243, … The next number is ____.

4. Supplementary angle is the sum of two angles which is equal to 180. A and B
has the sum of measures equal to 180. Therefore, _____________________________.

5. My Math teacher is skinny. My last Math teacher was skinny. Therefore, __________.

I. Assignment

Give at least 5 examples of inductive reasoning and 5 examples of deductive

reasoning.

Prepared by: Checked by:

DAISY R. YASTO RENALYN A. RANCAP

Practice Teacher Cooperating Teacher

Noted by:

SOCORRO R. FUNDIVILLA, Ed. D.

Principal IV