RAUZELA BANTU

215170180

MACHINES 2 PRACTICAL 1

MR MBEBE

SINGLE PHASE TRANSFOMER

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of symbol…………………………………………2

Introduction and component list………………3

Background theory leaning outcomes………4

Learning Objectives…………………………………5

Experiment method and results……………...5

Discussion of results………………………………6

Conclusion and reference………………………7

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COMPONENTS LIST USED
 100watts Bulb
 Connector wires
 Multimeters containing voltmeter and Ammeter internally
 250VA- 24/240 V transformer

INTRODUCTION

A transformer basically is very simple static (or stationary) electro-magnetic passive

electrical device that works on the principle of Faraday’s law of induction by converting
electrical energy from one value to another. The word transformer comes from the word
“transform”, the transformer is not an energy conversion device, but is a device that
changes AC electrical power at one voltage level into AC power at another voltage level
through the action of magnetic field, without change in frequency and it can be either to
step up or step down. The transformer does this by linking together two or more electrical
circuits using a common oscillating magnetic circuit which is produced by the transformer
itself. A transformer operates on the principals of “electromagnetic induction”, in the form
of Mutual Induction. Mutual induction is the process by which a coil of wire magnetically
induces a voltage into another coil located in close proximity to it.

A SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER basically consists of two electrical coils of

wire, one called the “Primary Winding” and another called the “Secondary Winding”. I will
define the “primary” side of the transformer as the side that usually takes power and the
“secondary” as the side that usually delivers power. Constructed by two coils that are not in
electrical contact with each other but are instead wrapped together around a common
closed magnetic iron circuit called the “core”. This soft iron core is not solid but made up of
individual laminations connected together to help reduce the core’s losses. The two coil
windings are electrically isolated from each other but are magnetically linked through the
common core allowing electrical power to be transferred from one coil to the other. When
an electric current passed through the primary winding, a magnetic field is developed
which induces a voltage into the secondary side that is called mutual induction.

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Background theorem

TRANSFOMER WORKING OPARATION

As shown above the electrical transformer has primary and secondary windings. The core
laminations are joined in the form of strips in between the strips you can see that there are
some narrow gaps right through the cross-section of the core. These staggered joints are
said to be ‘imbricated’. Both the coils have high mutual inductance. A mutual electro-motive
force is induced in the transformer from the alternating flux that is set up in the laminated
core, due to the coil that is connected to a source of alternating voltage. Most of the
alternating flux developed by this coil is linked with the other coil and thus produces the
mutual induced electro-motive force. The so produced electro-motive force can be
explained with the help of Faraday’s laws of Electromagnetic Induction as

e=M*dI/dt

If the second coil circuit is closed, a current flow in it and thus electrical energy is
transferred magnetically from the first to the second coil. The alternating current supply is
given to the first coil and hence it can be called as the primary winding. The energy is
drawn out from the second coil and thus can be called as the secondary winding.

LEANING OUTCOMES
 Understand the principle and the nature of a static machines of transformer’s
 Perform an analysis on transformers which their principles are basic to the
understanding of electrical machines.
 Understand the construction and how to overcome unwanted losses

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METHOD USED
When knowing the rating S(kVA) rating and the supply voltage with the power of the bulb
empowers you to calculate the current that is drawn by the bulb we were told to use a
center tap transformer and stepping up the voltage on a load by that we took the normal
primary side which a low voltage side connect it on a source and the normal primary side
connect it on a load, the calculations were as follows and since we know the voltages
supply voltage

BULB LOADING CALCULATIONS

1 BULB LOADED
Current on the primary side
S = IV
*I= 𝑆⁄𝑉 = 250⁄240
I=1.04A

Current flowing into the bulb and bulb

resistance
P = IVcos𝜃 P=I”2(R)
𝑝⁄ 100
I= 𝑣 = ⁄240
=100/(0.41)’’2
I = 416.67 mA
=594.88ohms

RESULTS TABLE

CALCULATED VALUES MEASURED VALUES

VOLTAGES V(primary) = 24V V(primary) = 24V

V(secondary) =240V V(secondary) =215.4V

CURRENTS I(primary) = 4.17A I(primary) = 3.3A

I(secondary) =0.42A I(secondary) =0.37A

POWER 100W 80W

The supplied voltage on the primary side more like the voltage on the secondary side in
respect to the turns ratio, we did not get the calculated results exactly because of core

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losses and the efficiency of a transformer and lastly the age of transformers used resulted
not giving us good results because they are old when we were calculating we didn’t
consider those.

Figure showing voltmeter and power reading

CONCLUSION
This experiment thought me a lot on how to a transformer is constructed and its operation
in order to meet the experiment requirement. We also got the chance to prove the
significance of what we’ve been learning in our theory classes. This experiment gave us
more background understanding on how the transformer operates when connected a bulb
the importance on cores on a transformer as we were shown how magnetic field behave
using a right hand rule and their polarity used for electro magnet.

REFERENCE

’Power Electronic ‘by Valery Vodovozon and RaikJansikena

William T.EMC for product designers, Oxford, Boston: newess, 2001.360p.isbn:0750649305

Rashid M.H (Editor), Power Electronic Handbook, San Diego: Academic press,
2001.895p.ISBN:

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