CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Context

The popularity of smartphone is increasing worldwide. Smartphone is a mobile

phone that includes additional function, such as e-mail and an internet browser that can
access Web based application that can be using internet browser. Smartphone is almost
the same with computer but smartphone has wireless connection capable of web content
without using desktop computer. Almost all people today used smartphones that make
accessibility of web content is possible.

ISU – SANTIAGO EXTENSION Campus is still using manual method of

conducting election. To register, the comelec provides the master list per section and the
master list is the attendance sheet with control number. The student/voter need to sign the
attendance sheet and write the control number in ballot paper and drop in a ballot box. To
count the votes the Comelec count manually using tallying on the whiteboard or piece of
paper and the result is manually written in Manila paper. To file candidacy the candidate
fill out the form manually and the names of candidate are posted on the whiteboard inside
the polling precinct. The student/voters will choose the candidates from the posted names
on manila paper depending on the position. The summary result of the election is
determined with the most number of votes by the candidates. The result is check and
certify by the Comelec and the watchers together with the faculty in charge or SSC
Adviser.

The solution for this problem is to develop a web based application to allow the
students vote using a computer or smartphone. The Web Based system make the voting
process easier. Because the votes are automatically counted after casting the vote. The
election can be monitored via viewing the partial results as indicated in the form of real
time bar graph percentage of casted votes, the users/student need to register into the
system for the privacy of the User Account. The system can import excel file. Once the
students/voters have already casting the vote, the system automatically logout and can no
 2

longer log in. It also shorten time of counting and preparing reports because the results
are generated with printable and detailed result after the election. The system can also
have reports for those students who did not participate. When the student is already cast
the vote the system automatically logout and no longer login during the election for
reliable and accurate canvassing of vote.

1.2 Purpose and Description

The main purpose of the project is to facilitate the process of election of SSC
using the system, the Comelec easily generate report and to lessen the time of voting and
canvassing because the vote automatically count after casting the vote. The system
provide bar graph, to monitor the reliable election. After the election the Comelec/SSC
Adviser will no longer to write the winners in Manila paper because the system provide
printable and detailed result. The E-VOTING SYSTEM is Web based application that
access using different devices. The different functionality describes the system below:

1.3 Objectives of the project

This project aims to design and develop E-voting system to facilitate the election
process of the Student Supreme Council and canvassing of votes faster, more efficient
and reliable. Specifically the project aim to.

1. design and develop E-Voting System with the following Functionalities:

 Manage Students
 Manage Filing Candidacy
 Manage election process through cross platform
 Tallying election result
 Print reports
 Print students who did not participate
 3

2. test system interface design compatibility to the following web browsers:

 Google Chrome
 Internet Explorer
 Mozilla Firefox

3. evaluate users acceptance to the system as perceived by:

 Ease of Usefulness
 Ease of use

1.4 Scope and Limitations of the project

E-Voting System is a web based system application that can be access in a Local
Area Network (LAN). This system focuses on facilitating the election of the Supreme
Student Council (SSC). The system allow two users namely Administrator in the person
of the SSC Adviser and the other users are the students. SSC Administrator is capable of
logging in to the system to manage it and manage filling of candidacy of the students.
Print detailed report of the election results, print who did not voted in the election.
Students are allowed to access the system, register before casting vote and. After the
election the admin can print immediately the result of the election. To implement the
system through the web browser the student can be used in any platform using different
web browsers.
 4

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Related Literature

Mobile voting falls under a category of voting called e- voting, which is short for
electronic voting‘, and refers to the option of using electronic means to vote in
referendums and elections. There are systems such as DRE (Direct Electronic Recording)
voting machines that record the vote without that vote being transmitted over the Internet
or another network.

The fingerprint shows the most promising future in real-world applications.

Because of their uniqueness and consistency over time, fingerprints have been used for
identification and authentication purpose. However, there are some challenges in using
fingerprint in real-world application. We are interested in designing and analyzing the
Mobile voting system using fingerprint texture, which is the core in current modern
approach for fingerprint analysis. As the mobile phone become a part of the human, it is
very convenient to use. We are using the mobile phone for the purpose of voting. It helps
the user to poll their vote in spite of any location and also in short period of time.

Biometric, Fingerprint, Minutiae, Mobile phone. Elections allow the populace to

choose their representatives and express their preferences for how they will be governed.
Naturally, the integrity of the election process is fundamental to the integrity of
democracy itself. The election system must be sufficiently robust to withstand a variety
of fraudulent behaviors and must be sufficiently transparent and comprehensible that
voters and candidates can accept the results of an election. Most of the countries in the
world e-Voting system have been used. Due to rapid growth of technology security
problems are getting increased. So instead of developing e-voting systems, also there is a
lot research work is being done to make these systems more secure. -Authors: U.
Rajkumar, H. Karunakaran, B.karthikeyan & M.venkatesh, (March 2012) A Secure
Mobile Voting System Using Fingerprint.
 5

Mobile Voting System (MVS) is a system that will operate in parallel with the
existing manual and automated voting processes. It will enable legitimate voters to cast
their vote from wherever they please using their mobile devices unlike other means that
require the voter to appear at the polling station. This will help alleviate the nuisance of
long queues at poll-sites which waste a lot of time. It will also ease the vote-counting
process which will be done instantly as the voting progresses and a graphical display will
be available on a site (attached to the system) for all stakeholders to view progress, hence
ensuring transparency. -Author/s: Oyite David Robinson Et Al. (Thursday, 10 November
2011) Mobile Voting Systems. Retrieved from http://mobilevotingsystems.blogspot.com

2.2 Related Studies

Mobile Technology is most imperative on the current era. It can get upgraded data
utilizing cell phones. Such gadget can be utilized for individual and business exchanges.
Besides, cell phones usefulness has developed massively. These days, it can be utilized
for an assortment of purposes like to find puts much like a GPS, to peruse standardized
tags, to play recreations, to search the Internet, to know climate reports, to vote, thus
considerably more. Significantly the most important uses are the voice calls, video calls
and Short Messaging System (SMS). Currently various models of mobile phones have
come out in the market and each one having special advantages over the others. The SMS
or message facility is important in the mobile device. It allows the sender to send
messages from one mobile to another mobiles device. Most business establishments
advertise through print media like the newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, brochures, and
so much more. It also makes use of the radio to promote their product and services.

The Voice of the Philippines Voting System – this TV program shows a voting
process that is somehow related to the proposed project. The voting system in the TV
show includes a text/SMS messaging to vote on the desired contestant. The automated
voting for the contestant shows relevance to the proposed project. Online Banking
 6

Applications – nowadays, National and Local Banks follow the technology trend. Almost
all the banks have upgraded the existing system into a more efficient and convenient way
for the users. Following the trend, banks developed mobile applications for the users to
have convenient way in accessing one’s account. The creation of mobile apps based from
the existing project is the primary relevance in this study. The proposed project is a
mobile app based on the existing voting process of the Philippines. Election experts still
doubt PCOS machines' credibility as 2016 polls loom - Decision specialists still
uncertainty PCOS machines' believability as 2016 surveys loom Manila – After two
computerized surveys in 2010 and 2013, specialists and backers for solid and genuine
races on Monday communicated question on the validity of the Precinct Counting Optical
Scan (PCOS) supplied by Smartmatic Philippines, taking note of that significant shields
are not yet in place. Professor Nelson Celis, representative of Automated Election System
Watch (AESWatch), said that while there is undoubtedly on the voting itself, they are
restless about the limit of the units to steadfastly mirror the votes cast in light of the fact
that the PCOS machines are not dependable, as seen, he said, in the Philippine
experience. "There is no issue with voting, in the perspective of AESwatch; the
unavoidable issue is about the association. We accept not all votes cast were reflected. In
light of the data we assembled in the 2010 and 2013 races, the machines were not that
dependable," according to Celis.

2.3 Synthesis

E-Voting System, one of the modern processing and facilitating of the election.
This study helped the researchers to design database that reduces space requirements.
Designing a normalized database is a big factor considering the level that is appropriate
for the design system. Aside from the primary actions rendered by the system like add,
edit, delete and voting process functions which are considered as the fundamental actions
of E-Voting System, it will boost the performance of the university in Election of the
Supreme Student Council (SSC). The system is capable of generating printed detailed
reports.
 7

The reasons, the researchers designed and developed E-Voting System to provide
innovation in the University to modernize the election of the SSC officer. The system has
the capability to facilitating the election. It also generate printed detailed of the election
result and print students who did not voted in the election.
 8

CHAPTER III
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

This chapter describes the technicalities of the project, details of technology to be

used, and how the project work.

3.1 Technicalities of the project

Figure 1. Project Framework.

The figure above shows the technical framework of the study where there are
three (3) layers. The user layer will access the system through connecting to the Local
Area Network (LAN) where the application was installed. Once query will be performed
by the users, the application will request from the data layer. Then Data layer will
respond for every content requested by users.
 9

3.2 Details of the technology to be used

The following are the technologies used the development of the system:
jQuery – a JavaScript library that allows web developers to add extra functionality to
their websites. It is open source and provided for free under the MIT license. In recent
years, jQuery has become the most popular JavaScript library used in web development.

Bootstrap – a technique of loading a program into a computer by means of a few initial

instruction that enable the introduction of the rest of the program an input device.

3.3 How the project will work

The E-Voting System is a web based application system that can be access in a
Local Area Network (LAN). The system allow two users namely Administrator in the
person of the SSC Adviser and the other users are the students. SSC Administrator is
capable of logging in to the system to manage filling of candidacy of the students,
canvassing the votes, and monitoring the election. The Administrator is authorized for the
records of the enrolled student into the system. The system verify the ID number of the
student before registration. If the user is not been enrolled the system automatically
detects and the system not allow the user to create user account in the system. The
enrolled users/student create an account for the privacy to vote. Through the web browser
the student can be used in any platform using different web browsers. The system
automatically logout the account of the student after casting their votes. After the election
the admin can print immediately the result of the election and the student who did not
voted in the election.
 10

CHAPTER IV
METHODOLOGY

This Chapter we will discuss the application to be used, who will be the user and
respondent, where is the system deployment and start the following functionalities of the
system by using Diagrams, Data process, Network Model, Network topology, Analysis,
Development and Design. Fishbone Diagram.

The Researchers used the Rapid Application Development (RAD). A type of

software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favor of rapid
prototyping. The planning of software develops using RAD is interleaved with writing
the software itself.

4.1 Environment

4.1.1 Locale of the study

The researcher conducted the study at Isabela State University NIA, Batal
Santiago City Isabela.

4.1.2 Population of the study

The study was conducted at Isabela State University NIA, Batal Santiago
Extenion. The respondent of the study were the Bachelor of Science in Information
Technology (BSIT) with 219 students, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSA) with 69
students. A total of 288 students.
 11

4.1.3 Organizational Chart/Profile

Figure 2. Organizational Chart.

The figure above shows the organizational chart of Isabela State University
Santiago Campus where the study was conducted.
 12

4.2 Requirement Specification

4.2.1 Operational Feasibility

The fishbone diagram below shows the major causes that have been undergone by
the system to achieve the desired effect.

Time
consuming and
unreliable
canvassing of
votes.

Manpower

Figure 3. Fishbone Diagram

This figure explains the diagram of the problems encountered by the researchers.
It shows that the main problem the election officers is unreliable and time consuming due
to machinery, method, manpower and material.
 13

4.2.2 Functional Decomposition Diagram

Figure 4. Functional Decomposition Diagram

The figure above shows the different module in the system. The Administrator
can login and manage the students and the election. It can provide printable result of the
election. The students must be register in to the system before casting vote and the system
automatically compute the vote, student need to fill up the form of file of candidacy
before run for the respective position and the administrator manage the filing candidacy
of the students.
 14

4.2.3 Technical Feasibility

4.2.4 Gantt Chart

The Gant chart below serves as the guide for the proponents in doing the project
and to determine whether the activities involved meet the project deadline.

Table 1. Gant chart of the different processes undergone by the researchers

The table shows the deliverables and the duration of the system, the deliverables
contains the following: Concept Proposal, Project Planning, Development, Testing,
Evaluation and Documentation with the duration of date.
 15

4.3 Requirements Modeling

4.3.1Input Process Output Diagram

Input Process Output

Voters/Student Validate registration Confirmed registration

 Students Details
 Login Details Validate log-in Confirmed log-in
Admin:
 Log-in details Validate vote Generated printable result
 Voting result Details
 Enrolled student list Validate enrolled student Stored student records
Details
 Filing candidacy details Store voters list Stored Enrolled list

Store candidate Stored candidates

Feed Back

Figure 5. Input-Process-Output Diagram

The above figure shows the basic inputs of a user to the system and how the
system processes it and return an output.

Basically for the Student/Voters, they should log-in into the system using their
own accounts in order to use the system, as well as the Admin and Students/Voters, the
system will verify and validate the log-in and registration details and direct it to the
system.

4.3.2 Control

The system provides log-in security to ensure that only the registered
student can use the system. The system verifies the student who registered through their
personal information. The system not accepts users who were not officially enrolled
students since only the official.
 16

4.4 Data and Process Modeling

4.4.1 Context Diagram

Figure 6. Context Diagram

This figure shows representation of process in order to help the readers

understand the process of the developed system. The students need to register before
casting the vote, the system ask the control number of the student for secured voting.
The students need to fill up the form of file of candidacy and give it to the admin and
Administrator manage filing of candidacy of the students. The Administrator login into
the system and manage the students records and also the election. The Administrator
can print reports of the election results and the student who did not voted in the
election.
 17

4.4.2 Data Flow Diagram

The researchers used Data Flow Diagram to identify the flow of the system.

Figure 7.Data Flow Diagram of the System (Admin)

The figure shows that the Administrator login into the system to manage it. The
Administrator manage the filing of candidacy of the students and. The Administrator also
manage the students record. Print detailed elections results and students who did not
voted in the election.
 18

Figure 8. Data Flow Diagram of the System (Student/Voters)

This figure shows students need to register and the system verify the
school id to prevent dummy account, after that the system ask the control number before
casting the vote. The student need to fill up the form of file of candidacy and give it to the
admin and the admin filed it.
 19

4.5 Analysis
4.5.1 Cost Benefit Analysis
Table 2. Cost Benefit Analysis

Hardware (based on hardware specification From enigma technology Amount

Intel core i5 6400 2.7GHz LGA 1151 Skylake

8,700.00

Gigabyte B150M-D3H 115, DDR3, DVI, 8CH, GLAN 5,400.00

2x 4GB DDR3 PC10600/1333 1,700.00

Western 1TB SATA3 Blue 2,300.00

ATX Casing Black 800.00

AOC 18.5 LED Monitor 3,900.00

AVR Metal 500watts 240.00

A4Tech KRS-8572 USB w/ mouse 490.00

Total Hardware Cost 23,530.00

Software Cost (Based on software specification from enigma technology)

Windows 7 Pro 64-bit 6,700.00

MySQL 0.00

XAMPP 0.00

Total Software Cost 6,700.00

 20

Development Cost

Programmer’s Cost 60,000.00

Hardware Depreciation 1,960.83

Software Depreciation 558.33

Electricity 400.00

Total Development Cost 62,919.16

Schedule 1 Programmer’s Salary

Programmer’s Salary 10,000.00

No. of Months Develop 6

Total Programmer’s Salary 60,000.00

Schedule 2 – Hardware
Depreciation

Total Hardware Cost 23,530.00

Estimated Useful Life 5

No. of Months 12

No. of Months Develop 6

Total Hardware Depreciation Cost 1,960.83

 21

Schedule 3 – Software Depreciation

Total Software Cost 6,700.00

Estimated Useful Life 5

No. of Months 12

No. of Months Develop 6

Total Software Depreciation Cost 558.33

Schedule 4 – Electricity

No. of Kilowatts used 50

Amount Per kilowatt 8.00

Total Electricity Cost 400.00

The Table above shows all the expenses under the development of the system.
It specifically contains the equipment used and the salary of each programmer that are
under the construction of the system.
 22

4.5.2 Risk Assessment Analysis

Table 3. Risk Assessment Analysis

Risk
Elements

The table above shows the summary of risk management plan and it
contains the Event (Risk Elements) its Risk and Consequence and graded its
probability, mitigation, impact, contingency, risk, reduction and exposure.
 23

4.6 Design
4.6.1 Wireframes
4.6.1.1 Administrator side

Figure 9.Login form.

This figure shows the login form of the system.

Figure 10.File of Candidacy.

This figure shows the processing to file of candidacy.
 24

Figure 11.Import Excel File

This figure shows to import excel file of record of the students.

Figure 12.Print Detailed reports

This figure shows the login form of the system.
 25

Figure 13.Print who did not voted

This figure shows print students who did not voted in the election.

4.6.1.1 Student/Voters side

Figure 14. Login form

This figure shows the login form of the student to access the system
 26

Figure 15.Register.
This figure shows the register form to create account.

Figure 16.Vote.
This figure shows the voting process.
 27

4.7 Data Design

4.7.1 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 17.Entity Relationship Diagram

This figure shows the Entity Relationship Diagram. Tbl_pos connect with
tbl_votes and tbl_candidate. Tbl_votes connect with tbl_candidate and tbl_user. Tbl_user
connect with tbl_year, tbl_course, and tbl_section.
 28

4.7.2 Data Dictionary

Table 4 Data dictionary of the database tbl_administrator

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description
Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification Number
Admincode Varchar Yes No 255 Administrator Code
Username Varchar Yes No 255 Email
Password Varchar Yes No 255 Password
Fn Varchar Yes No 255 Firstname
Mn Varchar Yes No 255 Middlename
Ln Varchar Yes No 255 Lastname
prof_pic Varchar Yes No 255 Image of the admin

Table above shows the personal information and the account of the
administrator.

Table 5 Data dictionary of the database tbl_user.

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description

Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification Number
Userdid Varchar Yes No 255 User Identification
Studid Varchar Yes No 255 Student Identification
Username Varchar Yes No 255 Username
Password Varchar Yes No 255 Password
StudId Varchar Yes No 255 Studid
Fn Varchar Yes No 255 First Name
Mn Varchar Yes No 255 Middle Name
Ln Varchar Yes No 255 Last Name
 29

Bdate Varchar Yes No 255 Birthdate

Gender Varchar Yes No 7 Gender
Year Varchar Yes No 255 Year
Course Varchar Yes Yes 255 Course
Section Varchar Yes Yes 255 Section
Vote Int Yes No 1 Vote
Pf Varchar Yes No 255 Profile Picture
Reg_stat Int Yes No 1 Register Status
Active Int Yes No 1 Active
Orig_path Varchar Yes No 255 Original Path
Reg_can Int Yes No 1 Register Candidate

Table shows the personal information and record of the students.

Table 6 Data dictionary of the database tbl_vote.

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description

Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification Number

Vote_code Varchar Yes No 255 Voters Code

Can_code Varchar Yes Yes 255 Candidate Code

Studid Varchar Yes Yes 255 Student Identification

Post_code Varchar Yes Yes 255 Post Code

Table above shows the information related into the election.

 30

Table 7 Data Dictionary of the database tbl_candidates.

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description

Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification
Can_code Varchar Yes Yes 255 Candidate Code
Studid Varchar Yes No 255 Candidate Position
Post_code Varchar Yes Yes 255 Candidate party list
Party_code Varchar Yes Yes 255 Student Identification
Count Varchar Yes No 11 Vote count

Table above shows the information of the students/candidates.

Table 8 Data Dictionary of the database tbl_partylist.

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description

Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification number
Partyl_code Varchar Yes No 255 Party list code
Partyl_name Varchar Yes No 255 Party list name
Tagline Varchar Yes No 255 Tagline
Color Yes No 255 Color
Active Int Yes No 1 Active

Table above shows the partylist of the candidates. Its consists of party name,
tagline and color of the party list.
 31

Table 9 Data Dictionary of the database tbl_course.

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description

Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification number
Course_code Varchar Yes No 255 Course code
Course_name Varchar Yes No 255 Course name
Active Int Yes No 255 Year code

The table above shows the course of the students. Its consists of course name
and course code.

Table 10 Data Dictionary of the database tbl_year.

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description
Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification number
Year_code Varchar Yes Yes 255 Year code

Table above shows the year of the students.

Table 11 Data Dictionary of the database tbl_section.

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description
Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification number

Section_code Varchar Yes No 255 Section code

Table above shows the section of the students.

 32

Table 12 Data Dictionary of the database tbl_ position.

Attribute Data Null Pkey Length Description
Type
Id Int Yes Yes 255 Identification number

Post_code Varchar Yes No 255 Position code

Post_name Varchar Yes No 255 Position name

Table above shows the position of the students/candidates.

 33

4.7.3 System Architecture

Figure 18.Three Tier Architecture

This figure shows the three tier architecture broken down as follows: client tier,
data tier, application tier.

Presentation tier: The top-most level of the application is the user interface. The main
function of the interface is to translate tasks and results to something the user can
understand.
Application tier: This layer coordinates the application, processes commands, makes
logical decisions and evaluations and performs calculations. It also moves and
processes data between the two surrounding layers.
Data tier: Here information are stored and retrieved from a database or file system.
The information is stored then passed back to the logic tier for processing and then
eventually back to the user.
 34

4.8 Development

4.8.1 Hardware Specification

Table 13. Hardware Specification

Specs
Hardware
Intel(R)Pentium(R)
1. Processor
 Type: Intel Celeron
Processor 2.4 GHz
 Number of Cores: Dual
Core
 CPU:G630 2.70 GHz
 CPU Upgradability:
Upgradable
 Chipset Type: Intel E7230
RAM
2. Memory
 Installed Size: 2.00 GB
 Technology: DDR2
SDRAM-ECC
 Memory Speed: 533,0
MHz

 Hard Disk: 500 GB

3. Hard Drive
 Interface Type: Serial SATA-150
 Spindle Speed: 7200.0 rpm

The table above shows the recommended hardware specifications needed by the
system to run. It must meet the necessary hardware specifications to avoid
miscalculations and hanging of the system.
 35

4.8.2 Software Specification

 XAMPP - The researchers used this as development tool, to allow website

designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any
access to the Internet.
 MySQL - The researchers used MySQL as the database management system.
 Adobe Photoshop – it was used for cropping and resizing images, and for making
the banner of the system.
 Sublime Text – the researchers used sublime text as a source code editor.

 Bootstrap - The researchers used bootstrap in designing the web pages of the
system.

 Browsers (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, & Internet Explorer) Those

browsers was used for testing and developing the system. The system works in
any different browsers.

4.8.3 Program Specification

Administrator
 Login
 Import Excel file
 File Candidacy
 Print detailed report of the election results
 Print who did not participate

Student
 Login
 Vote
 Register
 36

4.8.4 Programming Environment

The following tools are used in the development of the project:

 Front End
 Adobe Photoshop - The developers used this to design and to edit
pictures that are embedded to the system. Button and images was
edited using this software for styling and designing.
 PHP - The developers use this scripting language because it provides a
full suite of tools for building dynamic websites.
 Bootstrap - The researchers used in designing the webpages of the
system.

 Back End
 MySQL – The developers used MySQL as the database management
system.
 37

4.8.5 Deployment Diagram

Send data request User request data Received request

LAN Data request

Read received data

Figure 19.Deployment Diagram

The figure shows how the system was deployed and how the data focus in the
system works. The user sends request using the system in the computer and the request is
sent through the internet and the data is processed in the system and the administrator.
Once the process is validated, the system send information data in the system whether the
request is approved of denied and it is sent to the account of the user.

4.8.6 Testing
Compatibility Testing
The developer used this type of testing to determine how compatible the
system interface into the different web browsers.
 38

4.9 System Architecture

4.9.1 Network Model

4.9.2 Network Topology

Figure 20. Network topology

One of the most common network setups. In this configuration, every node
connects to a central network device, like a hub, switch, or computer. The central
network device acts as a server and the peripheral devices act as clients.

4.10 Evaluation
The researchers used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to determine how
users come to accept and use a technology. The model suggests that when the users are
presented with a new technology, a number of factors influence their decision about how
and when they will use it.
The User Acceptance Testing (UAT) was also conducted by the researchers, user
acceptance testing is the usage of the software by people from the intended audience and
recording and correcting of any defects which are discovered. It gives user the chance to
 39

interact with the software and find out if everything works as it should if features have
been overlooked, miscommunicated, not communicated and so on.
The researchers used likert scale to determine, evaluate and to give feedback to
the system. According to Likert 1932 formula and interpreting the result is shown below.
This has been used to determine whether the respondents rated “Strong Agree (SA)”,
“Agree (A)”, “Undecided (U)”, “Disagree (DA)”, and “Strongly Disagree (SD)”.

Table 14. Likert Scale

Scale Rating Qualitative Rating

5 4.21 - 5.0 Strongly Agree

4 3.41 - 4.20 Agree

3 2.61 – 3.40 Undecided

2 1.81 – 2.60 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.80 Strong Disagree

 40

CHAPTER V
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter show the screen shot of the system from administrator and the
student/voters side.

5.1 Screenshots of the system

5.1.1 Admin

Figure 21.Login form.

The figure shows the login form were the admin need to input username and
password to access the system.
 41

Figure 22. Student who did not voted

This figure shows the system will generate printed report for those students who
did not participate to the election and have penalties for them.

Figure 23. Election Result

The figure shows after the election the system generate the reports of the election
results who won and can be view the total votes of the candidates.
 42

Figure 24. Import Excel file

This figure shows the system can import excel file. The admin choose file to
import into the system for lessen time the work of administrator.

Figure 25. File of candidacy

This figure shows the process of filling of candidacy. The students/candidates will
fill up the form of Certificate Of Candidacy and give it to the admin of the system and
file it.
 43

5.1.2 Students/Voters

Figure 26. Login form

The figure shows the student will have a respective account to log in the system
for them to vote.

Figure 27. Registration

 44

Figure 27. Registration

This figure shows register/ sign up. Before you register the system verify your
student ID to detect if you are enrolled and after that you can register or sign up. It
contains username and password for secured account.

Figure 28.Vote
This figure shows the voting process when click each position have pop up a
candidates. Click vote me and after that have confirmation for the candidates you vote.
 45

5.2 Testing

5.2.1 Compatibility Testting

Table 15. Compatibility Testing Result

System Features' Checklist Internet Mozilla Google Chrome

Explorer Firefox
Tables, Menus, Drop
Downs, Check Boxes,
Radio Buttons, Images,
headers & footers, Link √ √ √
colors on the web page
render properly.

Text content is aligned

properly & Date format
is correct. √ √ √

JavaScript works
properly on web pages -
without error messages √ √ √

Check web pages using

CSS style. √ √ √

Ajax and JQuery

functionality √ √ √

Verify for Page zoom-in

and zoom-out √ √ √
functionality

Verify the font size for

web pages. √ √ √
 46

Verify that dynamic

HTML web pages are √ √ √
rendered properly.

This table shows the result of the compatibility testing conducted with the
different web browsers such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer.
The researchers run the system and test if the browser displays the interface of the system
properly and performs the features of the system based on the way it was being
developed by the researchers. The result shows that the different browsers can adopt and
run the system interface design and features.
 47

5.3 Evaluation Results

Table 16. Evaluation results as to Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease-of-Use.

Questions Rating

PERCEIVED OF Students QR Faculty QR

USEFULLNESS
1 The system help improve the
SSC Election. 4.66 SA 5 SA
2 The system is reliable for the
SSC Election. 4.5 A 5 SA
3 The transactions will be
hassle-free. 4.66 SA 5 SA
4 The system is useful for the
election 4.83 SA 5 SA
5 The system provides fast
transaction. 4.66 SA 5 SA

MEAN 4.66 SA 5 SA

4.83 SA

Students QR Faculty QR
PERCEIVED EASE OF
USE

1 The system is user friendly.

4.66 SA 5 SA
2 The system is easy to
respond 4.5 A 5 SA
3 Operating the system
4.66 SA 5 SA
4 To provide the process to
accomplished a task. 4.1 A 5 SA
5 The system is easy to use.
4.5 A 5 SA

MEAN 4.48 SA 5 SA

4.74 SA
GRAND MEAN 4.78 SA
 48

Strong Agree (SA), Agree (A), Undecided (U) Disagree (DA) Strongly Disagree
(SD). This table shows the evaluation result in terms of Usefulness obtained a mean of
4.66 from the students, 5 from the faculties which resulted to the mean of 4.83equivalent
to Strongly Agree, while in terms of Ease-of-Use, 4.48 from the students, 5 from the
faculties resulted to a mean of 4.74 equivalent to Strongly Agree. And the total grand
mean of the evaluation is 4.78 which equivalents strongly agree. According to the
evaluation the lowest evaluation from the students and faculties is in terms of ease-of-use
before the evaluation the researchers demonstrated the system once and no formal user’s
training was conducted.
 49

CHAPTER VI
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Summary

The “E-Voting System” is to develop for the SSC Election of ISU-Santiago

EXTENSION for reliable and modernize election and the student vote via a computer
that is connected to the Local Area Network (LAN) or using their Smartphones via
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). The system can import excel file. The system
monitored election via viewing the partial results as indicated in the form of bar graph
percentage of casted votes and print generated result of the election. The system can also
have reports for those students who did not participate. The objective of the system is to
design and developed E-Voting System and to examine the functionalities of the system.
To accomplish this goal, it became necessary to reach some qualification goals.
In the development of the system, the researchers used Rapid Application
Development (RAD), a type of software development methodology that uses minimal
planning in favor of rapid prototyping. JavaScript, jQuery, Ajax and Mobile Technology
are technologies that were used in the development of the system. The E-Voting System
work through web browser and must be connected to the Local Area Network (LAN) or
using tethering hotspot to access the system.

6.2 Conclusion

The developed E-Voting System is to facilitate the process of election of SSC

using the system, the comelec can easily generate report and to lessen the time of voting
and canvassing, because the vote is automatically tabulated after casting the vote. After
the election the Comelec/SSC Adviser don’t have to write the winners in Manila paper
and the system provide printable and detailed result.
 50

1. The system managed the election and the students. It contains module where
in the user/students need to register into the system for the privacy of the User
Account. All functionalities were tested and performed well and with no
errors.
2. The E-Voting System was tested in terms of interface design on three (3) web
browsers. Based on the result, all web browsers working well for the
compatibility of the system.
3. The evaluation result in terms of Ease Usefulness is 4.83 equivalent to
Strongly Agree; while in terms of Ease of Use is 4.74 equivalent to Strongly
Agree. And grand mean of the evaluation is 4.78 which equivalent to Strongly
Agree. The evaluation that the system is useful to the organization and easy to
use for the user thus it is acceptable.

6.3 Recommendations
Based on the aforementioned conclusions, the following recommendations are
given for the future researchers:
 Create android application of the system.
 Send SMS notification to students who did not yet vote as a reminder.
 Add features and other functionalities.
 51

REFERENCES

A. Fujioka, T. Okamoto, and K. Ohta, “A Practical Secret Voting Scheme for Large Scale
Elections”, Advances in Cryptology - AUSCRYPT, 1992.

Peter G. Neumann, “Security Criteria for Electronic Voting”, 16 th National Computer

Security Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, September 20-23, 1993.

Michael Ian Shamos, “Electronic Voting – Evaluating the Threat”, International

Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy, Burlingame, California, 1993.

Philip Klein, “An Untraceable, Universally Verifiable Voting Scheme”, Seminar in

Cryptology, December 12, 1995.

Lorrie F. Cranor and Ron K. Cytron, “Sensus: A Security-Conscious Electronic Polling

System for the Internet”, in the proceedings of the Hawai International Conference on
System Sciences, Wailea, Hawai, USA, January 7-10, 1997.

Herschberg, Mark A. (Mark Allan), “Secure Electronic Voting over the World Wide
Web”, Master’s Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 1999.

Brandon William DuRette, “Multiple Administrators for Electronic Voting”, Bachelor’s

Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, May 1999.

A. K. Jain, A. Ross, and S. Pankanti, “A Prototype Hand Geometry-Based Verification

System”, 2nd Int’l Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person
Authentication, Washington D.C., pp. 166-171, March 22-24, 1999.

“Hand Book for Presiding Officers” (At Elections where Electronic Voting Machines are
used), published by “West Bengal State Election Commission” in 2000.

David Clausen, Daryl Puryear and Adrian Rodriguez, “Secure Voting Using
Disconnected, Distributed Polling Devices”, Department of Computer Science, Stanford
University, June 05, 2000.
 52

Maynard Riley, “A Report on the Feasibility of Internet Voting”, Technical Report by

California Internet Voting Task Force, January 2000. 90

“Appendix A: Technical Committee Recommendations,” Technical Report by California

Internet Voting Task Force, January 2000.

Lorrie Faith Cranor, “Voting After Florida: No Easy Answers”, Technical Report by
AT&T Shanno Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, December 2000.

Phillips et al., “An Introduction to Evaluating Biometric Systems, Guide to Biometrics”,

IEEE Computer, February 2000,pp 56-63.

R. Udupa, G. Garg and P. Sharma, “Fast and accurate fingerprint verification”,

International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication,
pp. 192–197, 2001.

“Online Voting”, postnote – a publication of the U. K. Parliamentary Office of Science

and Technology, May 2001.

Salil Prabhakar, “Fingerprint classification and matching with filterbank”, Ph.D Thesis,
University of Michigan State, 2001.

Shuki Bruck, David Jefferson, and Ronald L. Rivest, “Voting – What is, what could be”,
Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project (VTP) Report, July 2001.

Shuki Bruck, David Jefferson, and Ronald L. Rivest, “A Modular Voting Architecture
(“Frogs”)”, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena and the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology , Cambridge, August 2001.

Ronald L. Rivest, “Integrity of the voting process and the privacy of votes”, Caltech/MIT
VTP Press Conference, July 16, 2001.

RonaldL. Rivest, “Testimony given before the U.S. House Committee on

Administration”, May 24, 2001, http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/publications.html.

Ronald L. Rivest, “Electronic Voting”, Technical Report, Laboratory for Computer

Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 05, 2001.
 53

Maynard Riley, “Internet Voting: Issues and Research Agendas”, Technical Report by
the National Science Foundation, University of Maryland, March 2001.

Lorrie Faith Cranor, “Electronic Voting”, Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer

History, published by Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001. 91

Kim Alexander, “Ten Things I Want People to Know About Voting Technology”,
California Voter Foundation, Presented to the Democracy Online Project’s National Task
Force, National Press Club, Washington, D. C., January 18, 2001.

“Online Voting”, postnote – a publication of the U. K. Parliamentary Office of Science

and Technology, May 2001.

Douglas W. Jones, “Evaluating Voting Technology”, Testimony before the United States
Civil Rights Commission, Tallahassee, Florida, January 11, 2001.

Aviel D. Rubin, “Security Considerations for Remote Electronic Voting”,

Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45, No. December 12, 2002.
 54

APPENDICES
 55

A. Relevant Source Code

index.php
<?php session_start();
include_once("config.php");
if(isset($_SESSION['admin']))
{
@header("location:(SMVS)admin/");
}
elseif (isset($_SESSION['userid'])) {
@header("location:(SMVS)user/");
}

$sql = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * from tbl_active");

if (mysqli_num_rows($sql)>0) {

}
else
{
$insert = mysqli_query($con,"INSERT INTO tbl_active values(id,1)");
}

?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<title>Welcome To Student Mobile Voting System</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
 56

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="img/E-VOTING.png"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/freelancer.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="font-awesome/css/font-
awesome.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/animate.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/w3.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/sweetalert.css">
</head>
<?php
include_once("modal.php");
?>
<script type="text/javascript">
//alert(screen.height);
if (screen.width < 1366 || screen.height < 768)
{
location.replace('./mobile/');
}
</script>
<body id="mybody" onload="checker_account()">
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top w3-card-4 animated
slideInDown">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-brand w3-hover-teal animated slideInLeft" s
tyle="background:#02bdb9; cursor: pointer;">
<a href="#" class="w3-text-white" style="text-decoration: none;">E-
VOTING</a>
 57

</div>
<div class="navbar-brand w3-hover-grey pull-right w3-round animated
slideInRight" style="cursor: pointer;" id="login" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#login" data-backdrop="static">
<a href="#" id="login" class="" style="text-decoration:none; color:#00bdb9;"
><span class="fa fa-chevron-down animated rubberBand pulse infinite
"></span></a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12 w3-center">
<header class="w3-white w3-animate-opacity">
<div class="container " style="margin-top:-40px;">
<div id="jlside" class="w3-teal">
<a href="#" class="w3-teal" id="myip">Connect to <?php echo
$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']; ?></a>
</div>
<div id="carousel-example" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<div class="carousel-inner" >
<div class="item ">
<a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#isu"><img class="img-
responsive w3-hover-opacity animated rubberBand bounce" style=" width:50%;"
src="img/stg.png" alt=""/></a>
<h3 style="color:#fff;"><small>Isabela State University Santiago
Extension</small></h3>
</div>
<div class="item">
<a href="stat.php" target="blank" ><img class="img-responsive w3-hover-
opacity animated rubberBand bounce" style=" width:50%;" src="img/report.png"
alt=""/></a>
 58

<h3 style="color:#fff;"><small>Election Statistics</small></h3>

</div>
<div class="item">
<a id="register" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#signup" data-
backdrop="static"><img class="img-responsive w3-hover-opacity animated
rubberBand" style="width:50%;" src="img/std1.png" alt=""/></a>
<h3 style="color:#fff;"><small>SignUp Now</small></h3>
</div>
<div class="item active">
<a href="#s" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#about_e_voting" data-
backdrop="static"><img class="img-responsive w3-hover-opacity animated
rubberBand bounce" style="width:50%;" src="img/E-VOTE.png" alt=""/></a>
<h3 style="color:#fff;"><small>ABOUT E-VOTING SYSTEM</small></h3>
</div>
</div>
<a class="left carousel-control " style="border-radius:500px 0px 0px 500px; box-
shadow:0px 0px 0px #585858;" href="#carousel-example" data-slide="next">
<span class="fa fa-chevron-left w3-display-middle"></span></a>
<a class="right carousel-control " style="border-radius:0px 500px 500px 0px;
box-shadow:0px 0px 0px #585858;" href="#carousel-example" data-
slide="prev">
<span class="fa fa-chevron-right w3-display-middle"></span></a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" role="dialog" id="about_e_voting">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content" style="border-radius:15px;">
 59

<div class="modal-header w3-teal" style="border-style:none; border-radius:15px

15px 0px 0px;"><img src="img/E-Voting.png" style="width:40px; margin-top:-
8px;">About <button class="close" data-
dismiss="modal">&times;</button></div>
<div class="modal-body">
<center><h1 class="animated animated zoomIn" ><small>E-
voting</small></h1></center>
<hr>
<div class="w3-animate-opacity">
<center>
<p style="font-size:18px; word-break:keep-all; margin:10px;">
<small>E-Voting System is a web application that can do the election more
easily and reliable. You can vote using the Desktop Computer or Smart
phones.</small>
</p>
<p style="font-size:18px; word-break:keep-all; margin:10px;">
<small>The app is very responsive to Android and iphone users.</small>
</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-2"></div>
<div class="col-sm-4">
<center><img src="img/jl.png" width="155" class="img-thumbnail"></center>
<small><b>John Luis Barcelona</b></small>
<div>
<small>Programmer</small>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">
<center><img src="img/dar.png" width="100" class="img-thumbnail"></center>
<small><b>Mark Darwin Otanes</b></small>
 60

<div>
<small>Documenter</small>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2"></div>
</div>
</center>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<div class="text-center">
<p style="font-size:18px; word-break:keep-all; margin:5px;">
<p><small>Copyright &copy; JLDesigns </small>
<div>
<small>All Rights Reserved <?php echo date('Y'); ?></small>
</div>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
function demo_register(){
$("#demo_reg").show("fast");
$("#welcome").hide("fast");
}
 61

</script>
<footer class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-bottom animated
slideInUp">
<div class="w3-center">
<div class="w3-margin">
Copyright &copy; JLDesigns All Rights Reserved <?php echo date('Y'); ?>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<script src="js/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootbox.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/all.js"></script>
<script src="js/w3.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/sweetalert.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
 62

B. User Guide / Manual

1. The student will input the IP address of the server to the URL
2. Click the name of the system.

Register

1. To Register just Click Sign up to register for the creating a secure account.

Verifying Student ID
 63

1. Type your student ID to verify the system if you are enrolled.

2. Click verify to detect the system if you are enrolled.

1
2

Creating Account
1. Create/type your own username and password and click sign up.

1
 64

Login

1. To go to the login form just click the button at the right side.

Login form

1. Type your username and password and click login.

1
 65

Control number

1. Get your control number to the comelec officer incharge and type the control number
and click submit.

Voting

1. To vote click each position to see the candidates.

1
 66

Choosing Candidates

1. Choose your candidate you want to vote and click the “Vote me”

Confirmation of voting

1.The system have confirmation of your vote, just click “Yes” if you want to vote and If
you don’t want just click “Cancel”

1
 67

CERTIFICATE OF
IMPLEMENTATION
 68

C. Certificate of Implementation
69
 70

G R A M M A R I A N’ S

CERTIFICATE
 71

D. Grammarian’s Certificate

Date_____________

G R A M M A R I A N’ S C E R T I F I C A T E
This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and went through all the pages of the

capstone project entitled “E-VOTING SYSTEM” of Mark Darwin A. Otanes and John Luis

S. Barcelona as against the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences,

phrases, and words in the English language.

Signed:

Liezl E. Otanes
_______________
Grammarian
Affiliation: Relative
ID Number:
Contact Details
Mobile Number: 09357013745
eMail Address: liezl@yahoo.com
 72

GALLERY
 73

E. Gallery
74
 75

CURRICULUM
VITAE
 76

F. Curriculum Vitae

Mark Darwin Otanes

Address: Metroville Rosario Santiago City

CP #: 09972350596

Email Address: otanesdarwin@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : Mark Darwin A. Otanes

Civil Status : Single

Gender : Male

Nationality : Filipino

Religion : Iglesia Ni Cristo

Father’s Name : Ramon Otanes

Mother’s Name : Jenny Otanes

Language : Ilocano, Tagalog, English

EDUCTIONAL BACKGROUND

Collegiate/University Campus : ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY Santiago Campus

Course : Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

Secondary/High School : Santiago City National High School

Primary/Elementary : Calaocan Elementary School

 77

John Luis S. Barcelona

Address: Sagana Santiago City

CP #: 09752231780

Email Address: jl@yahoo.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : John Luis S. Barcelona

Civil Status : Single

Gender : Male

Nationality : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Joey Barcelona

Mother’s Name : Marieta Barcelona

Language : Ilocano, Tagalog, English

EDUCTIONAL BACKGROUND

Collegiate/University Campus : ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY Santiago Campus

Course : Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

Secondary/High School : Santiago City National High School

Primary/Elementary : Santiago North Central School

 78

GLOSARRY
 79

G. Glossary

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) - is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in a markup language.
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) - is systematic process for calculating and comparing
benefits and cost of a project, decision or government policy.
Data Dictionary (DD) - Holds definition of datasets, tables and data elements. It can be
consulted to understand where a data item fits in the structure, what values it may contain
and basically what the data item means.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) - is a graphical representation of the flow of data through an
information system, modeling its aspects.
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) - Is a data modeling technique that graphically
illustrates an information system’s entities and the relationships between those entities.
Fishbone Diagram - is a tool for analyzing process dispersion. It is also referred to as the
“Ishikawa diagram”. It is a team brainstorming tool used to identify potential root causes
to problems, because of its function it may be referred to as a cause-and effect diagram.
MySQL - is the world’s second most widely used open-source relation database
management system (RDBMS).
PHP - is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as
a general-purpose programming language.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) - is a software development methodology that
uses minimal planning in favor of rapid prototyping.
System is a set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry out specific
activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem.
Wireframe - also known as a page schematic screen blueprint, it is a visual guide that
represents the skeletal framework of a website.
XAMMP - is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package,
consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for
scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages.