Quiz 1B

2) What is the general equation of a circle with centre (-2, 2) and radius 2 √3

Solution: Centre (h, k) = (-2, 2)

Tip to quickly find the correct option:

All circles have 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 in the beginning

x-term will be −2ℎ𝑥, which means −2(−2)𝑥 = 4𝑥

y-term will be −2𝑘𝑦, which means −2(2)𝑦 = −4𝑦

There is only option B which has 4x – 4y. Correct answer is option B.

I am giving complete steps below

Radius r = 2 √3

Equation of the circle is

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

(𝑥 − −2)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = (2√3)2

(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 12

Expanding,

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 12

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 8 = 12

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 8 − 12 = 0

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 4 = 0

3) What is the standard form of the equation?

4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 + 24𝑦 + 43 = 0

Complete steps: 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 + 24𝑦 = −43

4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 4𝑦 2 + 24𝑦 = −43

4(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) + 4(𝑦 2 + 6𝑦) = −43

4(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 22 ) + 4(𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 32 ) = −43 + 4(22 ) + 4(32 )

4(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4(𝑦 + 3)2 = −43 + 16 + 36

4(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4(𝑦 + 3)2 = 9
Options do not any coefficient before squares. So we divide all terms by 4.
9
(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = (𝑶𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑩 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓)
4
Quick tip: x^2 and y^2 terms are multiplied by 4. So we divide all terms by 4. We get
43
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + =0
4
x term is -4x and y term is 6y

But you know x term should be -2hx and y term should be -2ky. Therefore,

-2hx = -4x Or -2h = -4 Or 2h = 4 Or h = 2

-2ky = 6y Or -2k = 6 Or 2k = -6 Or k = -3

So we got (h, k) = (2, -3)

Equation becomes (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

Putting values of h and k we get (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 𝑟 2

Options B and C are of this form.

Option B has constant term as 43/4 which is same as in question. But memorise that when we
convert to standard form, the constant term will always change. So answer is option C

6) A circle has centre (5, 6) and is tangent to y = 2x – 14 What is the length of the radius?

Solution

Y = 2x – 14

2x – 14 = y

2x – y – 14 = 0

Length of radius = length of perpendicular to above line from centre (5, 6)

|2(5) − 6 − 14| 10 10√5

= = = = 2√5 (𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑪)
√22 + 12 √5 5
If an equation is given in general form, how to find the standard form?

4𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 16 = 0
Solution

Bring the constant term to the RHS

4𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 12𝑦 = −16
Collect x terms together and y terms together

4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 = −16
Factorise x terms and y terms separately

4(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥) − 3(𝑦 2 + 4𝑦) = −16

Add terms to complete the squares

4(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 12 ) − 3(𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 22 ) = −16 + 4(12 ) − 3(22 )

Explanation for the above: We have -2x, so we added (2/2)^2 which equals 1^2.

We have 4y, so we added (4/2)^2 which equals 2^2

On left side, we put 4(1^2) – 3(2^2) as extra. So we do the same on the right side too.

Complete the squares and simplify

4(𝑥 − 1)2 − 3(𝑦 + 2)2 = −16 + 4 − 12

4(𝑥 − 1)2 − 3(𝑦 + 2)2 = −24

RHS is negative. So we reverse the terms on left side so that right side becomes positive.

3(𝑦 + 2)2 − 4(𝑥 − 1)2 = 24

Divide all terms on both sides by 24 so that RHS becomes 1

3(𝑦 + 2)2 4(𝑥 − 1)2 24

− =
24 24 24
(𝑦 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 1)2
− = 1 (𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟)
8 6