FYP PROGRESS REPORT

TITLE
Power Distribution and Demand side Management using
arduino

NAME
Muhammad Umer / 15103122-017
Mansoor Kashif / 15103122-024

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT
2018
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In early centuries oil crises were on their peak, fuel cost and energy prices were high, due
to the cost factor the supply was decreased and thus demand was increased. At that time
the only way to solve the problem is to increase the supply by building new power plants.
But again the hurdle is the availability of fuel to meet the energy crises. Thus engineers
worked a lot to resolve the problem and thus they found a new solution to solve the energy
crises and to supply the desired power supply which was called the Demand Side
Management.

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) released a report late last year on the “Third
Wave of Energy Efficiency.” Advances in consumer electronics can also help consumers
be more energy efficient. EPRI characterizes advances in energy efficiency into three key
categories: the first wave of building codes and appliance standards, followed by utility
demand-side management (DSM) programs, and finally, and perhaps most significant, is
increased adoption of end-use energy consuming devices and appliances that respond to
consumer preferences and decisions [1].

1.1 Problem

The word population is growing day by day and thus energy requirements
also increases. In underdeveloped countries, due to large consumption of power and low
power resources load shedding is common problems so due to this most of the industries
could not operate at its full operating capacity and as a result economic situation goes to
dead points.
Some heavy industries uses his own generator on private sectors for industrial and
commercial purpose when demands increase they turn ON their units after that when
demands decreases then again turn off generators.
These commonly used generators have specific power producing capacity, so with the
passage of time demands goes on increasing while production almost does not and when
there is low consumption of power it cost to operate heavy generators.
The most common problems are
 Limited Generating Capacity with increasing demand day by day.
 Inefficient system due to change in demand.
 Time consuming.
These problems causes instability and unreliable system voltage output, cannot be adjusted
according to load requirements which in return decreases the life of equipment. On the
other hand, if industry needs more power then we have to cut other supply manually which
is time consuming exercise.
1.2 Demand Side Management ( DSM )

Electrical energy can’t be stored cheaply

or in great quantities. Therefore supply and demand has to be balanced simultaneously.
To ensure sustenance of supply, the total capacity of electricity generation must be larger
than the maximum demand. During the past years, the demand for electricity is rising
every year. The economic cost and environmental impact to build new power plants to
satisfy the rising demand will be very expensive.
Demand Side Management (DSM) techniques provide variety of measures to reduce
energy consumption, which leads to more manageable demand.
Basically before going towards the Demand Side Management one should know the term
management. After knowing about the term management we will able to combine this
term with Demand Side.
Management is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to control, to command and to control
activities. Basically it is a process to achieve our desired goals by proper planning and
controlling. Various strategies were made for appropriate operations to work successfully.
Now coming towards Demand side management.
To efficiently use the generated power with proper planning and controlling is basically
called the demand side management.
Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electric power; it carries
electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. Automation in the
distribution field allows utilities to implement flexible control of distribution systems,
which can be used to enhance efficiency, reliability, and quality of electric service.
Distribution companies implementing distribution automation (DA) and are receiving
benefits from many areas such as providing a fast method of improving reliability,
making the whole operating function more efficient, or simply extending asset life
Benefits of automation:
 Automation reduces operating costs across the entire utility, whether from improved
management of information at the utility layer or from the automatic development of
switching plans with a distribution management system (DMS) at network layer.
 At the substation and distribution layers, fast fault location substantially reduces crew
travel times, because crews can be dispatched directly to the faulted area of the
network.

1.3 Advantages of DSM

There are various reasons behind for which the DSM must be promoted. Some of them
are as follows:
i) Cost reduction: Many DSM and energy efficiency efforts have been introduced in
the context of integrated resource planning and aimed at reducing total costs of meeting
energy demand.

ii) Environmental and social improvement: Energy efficiency and DSM may be
pursued to achieve environmental and/or social goals by reducing energy use leading
to reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

iii) Reliability and network issues: Improving or avoiding problems in the electricity
network through reducing demand in ways which maintain system reliability in the
immediate term and over the longer term defer the need for network augmentation.

iv) Improved markets: short-term responses to electricity market conditions

(“demand response”), particularly by reducing load during periods of high market
prices caused by reduced generation or network capacity [2].
1.4 Objectives
The objectives of this project are to:
 Draw together all the components and systems that have been used in distribution
network automation.
 Reduce time consumption for power system.
 Increase efficiency of power system through proper monitoring and control of
system.
The main objective is to familiarize an intelligent controller that forecast load and shift the
load according to the circumstances. This report includes the background and literature
review of DSM techniques. How different researchers suggested their work on DSM and
what future work can be done.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Background
The main objective of Demand side Management is to save energy and
equivalence between the Supply Side Management and Demand side Management.
Various techniques are used on Supply Side Management and Demand Side Management
to achieve the goal.
Demand Side Management (DSM) is one of the fundamental up-to-date solutions to
manage electricity consumption in the developing world of insufficient electricity capacity,
increasing fuel costs and problems of environmental pollution. DSM provides measures to
reduce consumption and expenses. In order to apply various DSM options and strategies,
analytical and optimization tools are used. This also requires detailed information about
dynamics of electricity consumption, system functioning and planning, understanding on
peak loads and their variations due to environmental factors. Energy demand side
management includes activities made by end-users to modify their consumption in a best
possible way for both utility and the customers, but this does not necessarily lead to
decrease in the total energy consumption [2, 4].
The main DSM techniques are valley filing, load shifting, peak clipping, load building and
energy conservation programs [5]. Such programs are different from one utility to another,
as they depend on number of customers, load type (commercial, industrial or residential),
benefit from that program, level of customer’s reaction or satisfaction with the applied
program, etc. However, benefits from applying are on both sides of customers and utility,
so that such activities have grown over the past decades. Many utilities are implementing
DSM programs and other are considering it in planning processes.
For utilities, DSM means avoiding or delaying the need to invest in new capacities,
improving the power quality, ensuring efficient generation, transmission and distribution
of energy [6]. For the residential customer, it means reduced bills and taking advantage of
the financial incentive provided by utility company. For commercial and industrial
customers, it means lower costs included in their products price, making them more
competitive on the market. DSM gives the customer a new role and freedom in shifting the
demands to off-peak periods to reduce the electricity bill, whereas providing lower costs
per kWh to the utility.
2.2 Literature Review
It was published in 2013. The basic idea was to enable all substation to communicate the
master station and to manage load through the SCADA model. The automatic load
management technique was used which balance the load by just one click. This model is
helpful for engineers and technicians to test the systems before the real implementation.
This model not only save time but also human involvement was minimized. It also reduce
the space for control centre.
Despite of all the benefits this model has a lot of flaus.
DSM aims to contest demand with the available supply as a economical substitute for
energy utilities than advancing in new generation capacity. Demand side management is
the process of organizing the loads to reduce the electric energy consumption or the
maximum demand, such as load shedding, load shifting by installing energy-efficient
processes (Eissa [7]).
This paper proposes the following definition, which extends Eissa’s [7] definition. It
collates key information on the technologies, practices, instruments, programmes and
policies that are included in the definitions reviewed.
Demand-side management or (DSM) refers to technologies, actions and programmes on
the demand-side of energy that pursue to manage or decrease energy intake, in order to
reduce total energy contribute to the achievement of policy objectives such as emissions
reduction or balancing supply and demand.
The Research focuses on DSM, which reduces minimum power demand or changes in
particular, especially in residential, commercial and industrial sectors, which often has the
highest proportion of electricity consumption.
This paper inspects the association between the land use planning system and two
advanced demand-side management (DSM) creativities in the electricity sector. In
divergence to conservative supply-orientated methodologies to structure administration,
DSM encourage the effectiveness to consider the role of energy management and efficiency
methods to avoid or delay the need for new investment in supply-side infrastructure.
Although it is expected that DSM methods would require much closer management
between land use and electricity network planning, there was minute evidence of the
development of these links in the case studies. Instead the paper conclude that, through the
acceptance of DSM methodologies to network administration, services are developing their
own ideas about the socioeconomic and spatial development.
This paper has observed the potential consequences of new emerging service strategies for
the planning process. Although there is currently little evidence to support the contention
that DSM leads to closer demands for integration between land use and utility planning,
there are signs that these practices could have profound implications for the management
of territory. This raises a number of important issues for the planning system.[8]
The planning system or planning organizing tools should keep in front all the aspects of
society so that all the aspects should be properly and completely. The work in this paper
mainly focuses on the benefits of utility butt the economy of any country relies on its
industry. The full working industry enhance the back bone of the economy of any country.
In our project we are making a planning about a specified region in which different loads
are present (Industrial, Commercial, Municipal, and Domestic).We are wanting such a
system which is mainly industrial friendly, as the economy of any country relies on its full
load working industry. Thus our main aim is to operate industry at its full load at some
specified time by tripping all the other loads. Hence when industry does not require the
excessive load for its full operation the power is again provided to the other loads.

This paper presents a design and control interface design for 230V Power Home using
power control and data acquisition (SCADA). This model provides a real-time environment
for automation in a subsidy with respect to its accuracy and reliability in its control and
monitoring. The model presented allows the comparison of the performance of the
proposed system with the current system. The design offered is made under the framework
of SCADA and PLC.
The purpose of the automated power system is to use the control and instrumentation
devices in a proper way for monitoring and control. Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition (SCADA) refers to the collection and observation of data from the power
house as well as controlling its certain variables as desired by the user. SCADA systems
are used in different industries, which includes power generation, processing plants,
textile, transportation and telecommunications.

The purpose of the automatic power system is to properly use the control and device
devices to monitor and control. Data collection and observation data from the monitoring
and data acquisition (SCADA) power house, as well as this user is about to control that
particular variable. SCADA systems are used in different industries, including power
generation, processing plants, textile, transportation and telecommunications
Data from different industrial processes is displayed on monitoring screens in control
rooms. The data transfer could be though both wired and wireless communication. Each
sub-station then monitor and take respective action which is again transmitted to the field.
Authors proposed a solution for the hazardous environmental factors by implementing an
economical graphical visualization based SCADA system, which senses the data from
various sensors and displays it on HMI for governing purposes.
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
 CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

[1] http://eecoordinator.info/the-third-wave-of-energy-efficiency/

[2] https://kalyan07.wordpress.com/2014/04/12/introduction-to-demand-side-management-
benefits-challenges-and-barriers/comment-page-1/

[3] Broehl J. H., Huss W. R., Skelton J. C., Sullivan R. W., Limaye, D. R., Sloane B. D., Davis T. D., Blevins
R. P.: Demand-Side Management, Volume 3: Technology Alternatives and Market Implementation
Methods, Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI-EA/EM-3597-Vol.3, Research project 2381-4,
1984.
[4] Gellings C. W., Chamberlin J. H.: Demand-Side Management: Concepts and Methods, PennWell
Books, USA, 1993.

[5] Salama M. M., Saied E. M., Mahmoud H. M., Abdelhadi H. A.: Residential loads and Application
of Demand Side Management (DSM) Techniques, Conference of Saudi Arabia Grid 2013 (5ASG),
Geddah, Saudi Arabia, 2013

[6] Seng L. Y., Taylor P.: Innovative Application of Demand Side Management to Power Systems,
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, Sri Lanka,
2006.
[7] Eissa, M.M. Demand side management program evaluation based on industrial and commercial
field data, Energy Policy, 39, 5961-5969, 2011
[8] Marvin, S J and Graham, S 'Utility networks and urban planning: an issue agenda' Planning Practice
and Research 1993