Demonstration Of The Arquimedes Principle To Improve Theoretical Learning

Victor Coelloa, Alexader Ruízb, Alex Lizaldezc,

A
Faculty Of Mechanics, Career In Mechanical Engineering
B
Escuela Superior Politécnica De Chimborazo
Victor.Coello@Espoch.Edu.Ec, Alex.Lizaldez@Espoch.Edu.Ec, Fabricio.Ruiz@Espoch.Edu.Ec
Riobamba - Ecuador

Resumen — la presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar el principio de

Arquímedes, conocer las fuerzas que actúan sobre un cuerpo sumergido en agua y su diferencia
de densidades con la ayuda de la práctica de laboratorio. para el análisis realizado se utilizó el
método experimental analizando nueve cuerpos de diferente material y tres cuerpos del mismo
material con distinto volumen sumando un total de doce muestras ah analizar, con cada uno de
los cuerpos se realizó el experimento que consistía en tomar su peso real ,luego se procedía
armar un equipo facilitado en el laboratorio de la escuela de ing. automotriz en la parte superior
se colocó un dinamómetro y en la parte inferior un recipiente con 500 ml de agua, luego se
sumergía el cuerpo tomando como datos importantes el volumen del líquido y el dato que nos
facilita el dinamómetro. Comprobando con los presentes datos que el principio de Arquímedes
todo cuerpo sumergido dentro de un fluido experimenta un fuerza de empuje que es igual al
peso del fluido desalojado por el cuerpo y con la ayuda de algunas datos encontramos
densidades de cada cuerpo.

Palabras claves — fuerza de empuje, densidad, peso aparente, peso real, masa, volumen.
Demonstration of the arquimedes principle to improve theoretical learning
Abstract —
the present investigation has like objective to demonstrate the principle of archimedes, to know
the forces that act on a submerged body in water and its difference of densities with the help of
the laboratory practice. for the analysis performed the experimental method was used analyzing
nine bodies of different material and three bodies of the same material with different volume
adding a total of twelve samples to analyze, with each of the bodies the experiment was carried
out which consisted in taking its real weight , then proceeded to assemble a team facilitated in
the laboratory of the school of automotive engineering in the upper part was placed a
dynamometer and in the bottom a container with 500 ml of water, then submerged the body
taking as important data the volume of the liquid and the data provided by the dynamometer.
checking with the present data that the archimedes principle every body submerged inside a
fluid experiences a pushing force that is equal to the weight of the fluid dislodged by the body
and with the help of some data we find densities of each body.
keywords— pushing force, density, apparent weight, actual weight, dough, volume.

I. INTRODUCTION

ydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics or hydraulics that studies fluids in a state of
equilibrium; that is, without there being forces that alter its movement or position. the main
theorems that support the study of hydrostatics are the principle of pascal and the principle of
archimedes[1]. ¨throughout the history of the main discoveries from the beginning of
archimedes to the science of thermodynamics, through the law of gravity of isaac newton,
professor fiolhais teaches us that physics can be interesting, attractive and even fun¨ [2] . the
learning is more didactic if it takes it to the practical field is here where the theoretical skills
learned in classes are demonstrated, with the help of a team in the laboratory that helped us to
the best development of the principle of archimedes "the study of the stability of a floating
body in a fluid is the main theme of fluid statics, in this practice will be more thoroughly
understood the reaction of fluids in front of a floating body [1], the subjects where that
principle influences hydrostatic and hydrodynamic. "archimedes, as we say, was an important
physicist, mathematician and scientist. that is why king hiero came to him. and archimedes
had a bright idea, a cognitive spark, but he was able to get there thanks to his trajectory, his
ability, his several days spinning around how to solve the problem ... not like fruit of
nothing”[3]. after analyzing the problem one day "while taking a bath, he noticed that the
water level rose in the tub when he entered, and thus he realized that this effect could be used
to determine the volume of the crown. because water compression would be despisable, the
crown, when submitted, would displace a water quantity equal to its own volume. by dividing
the mass of the crown by the displaced water volume, the density of the crown can be
obtained. the density of the crown would be less if other more cheap metals and less densities
had been added”[4]. “on the other hand, it is a known fact that a solid submerged, total or
partially, in a fluid seems to lose weight, that is, it is pushed up”[5]. “it is good trivial that
bodies whose relative density is less than the unit float in the water. this remotes us to the
important concept of flotation. this is explained from the principle of archimedes, which
possulates that if the weight of a body is less than that of the fluid which moves when
submerging, the body will float in the fluid and will succeed if it is more heavy” [6]. to
demonstrate the archimedes principle with ing help. eder cruz who performs the physical
cathedra ii, with a practice using a facilitated team in the laboratory of the school of ing.
automotive "although the principle of archimedes is traditionally studied in the classes of
science from the first levels, it can be learned mechanically or memories. that is, students can
memorize their grammatical structure with ease, and, therefore, verbally describe it correctly,
while, on the other hand, it is not easy to be learned significantly. as experience shows, and
many research papers have set out, the numerous consequences that are derived from this
principle are not incorporated to the cognitive structure of students in a significant
manner”[7]. demonstrating the principle of archimedes and the different forces present in a
body on a fluid with the help of a dynamometer ("dynamometer is denominated to an
instrument used to measure forces, common mind used to calculate weights”[8] ) and to find
the difference of densities of each body. "the fundamentals of physics in mechanics, optics,
fluids, electricity and heat. the importance of this subject is that the concepts, the application
and interrelation of the principles of physics are provided therein so that the student can apply
them in related matters, later in the study plan”[9]. “when a body is submitted in a liquid it
seems to less. you can feel when we are placed in a pool, or when you take something below
the water, the objects will seem that you less less. this is because every submerged body
receives a force down above. a two forces act on a submerged body; your weight, which is
vertical down and the push or force float that is vertical but upwards”.

graphic representation of the archimedes principle

“the force of thrust or flotation is a force that appears when any body is immersed in a fluid.
the modulus of this pushing force is given by the weight of the fluid volume. this is known as
archimedes' law or principle. this occurs because the pressure of any fluid depends mainly on
the height at which it is located below this”[10]. “the pressure exerts a force on any body
immersed in a fluid and has the property that the force exerted is perpendicular to the surface
of the body always. a clear example of this can be to lift a person inside a pool, this is because
the body being partially or totally submerged in the pool, the water exerts an upward force on
the body equal to the weight of the water displacing the body”[11].
the most representative equations for the study of this physical phenomenon are:
𝐹𝑈𝐸𝑅𝑍𝐴𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 = 𝐹𝑈𝐸𝑅𝑍𝐴𝐵 + 𝐹𝑈𝐸𝑅𝑍𝐴𝐺
Equation 1. calculation of the total force acting on a submerged body
𝐹𝑈𝐸𝑅𝑍𝐴𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 = 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑤 = 𝑝𝑜 𝑉𝑔
Equation 2. calculation of the total forcé

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐵 + 𝑇 − 𝑚𝑔

t=mg-b
𝑇 = 𝑊 − 𝑃1 𝑔𝑉
y=b-mx

II. METHOD

the present investigation is of experimental character, "in this method data are collected to
compare the measurements of behavior of a control group, with the measurements of an
experimental group”[12]. data is taken from nine bodies of different material and three bodies
of the same material with different volume adding a total of twelve samples to analyze.

process:
1. weigh each of the bodies mass in grams.
2. aim the weights of each one of the bodies out of the water.
3. measure the amount of 500ml in the beaker.
4. aim the data provided by dynamometer.
5. measure the displaced volume of the fluid.
 6. measure the diameter of the beaker.

this procedure will facilitate the collection of data to demonstrate the principle of archimedes
and through the formulas provided in classes find the pushing force that will find by clearing
find the apparent weight of each body when it is immersed in the fluid (water).

hypothesis:
the approach of the hypothesis of investigation and null hypothesis was raised in the following
way:

(Hi): the demonstration of the archimedes principle in laboratory practice improves the
theoretical understanding of physics ii classes.

(Ho): the demonstration of the archimedes principle in the laboratory practice does not improve
the theoretical understanding of the physics ii classes.
results:
"scientific knowledge is the result of a long and unconscious process”[13], with the help of
excel a program that allows us to show data in a more orderly way, then 3 tables with the results
will be shown:
table 1
apparent weight
actual apparent
material
weight weight
wood 0,1372 0,008
bakelite 0,196 -0,05
plexiglass 0,1862 -0,041
ebonite 0,2254 -0,08
molten
1,0486 -0,903
iron
steel 1,1858 -1,04
brass 1,2642 -1,119
lead 1,7346 -1,589
zinc 1,0878 -0,942
aluminium
0,4116 -0,266
1
aluminium
0,2352 -0,09
2
aluminium
0,1862 -0,041
3

table 2

amount of amount of
material dough(kg) displaced water displaced
(cm) water (m3)
wood 0,014 0,25 0,00001486
bakelite 0,02 0,25 0,00001486
plexiglass 0,019 0,25 0,00001486
ebonite 0,023 0,25 0,00001486
molten
0,105 0,25 0,00001486
iron
steel 0,121 0,25 0,00001486
brass 0,129 0,25 0,00001486
lead 0,177 0,25 0,00001486
zinc 0,111 0,25 0,00001486
aluminium
0,042 0,25 0,00001486
1
aluminium
0,024 0,14 0,000008598
2
 aluminium
0,019 0,11 0,000006914
3

table 3

amount of amount of
material dough(kg) displaced displaced density
water (cm) water (m3)
wood 0,014 0,25 0,00001486 942,13
bakelite 0,02 0,25 0,00001486 1345,9
plexiglass 0,019 0,25 0,00001486 1278,6
ebonite 0,023 0,25 0,00001486 1547,78
molten
0,105 0,25 0,00001486 7065,95
iron
steel 0,121 0,25 0,00001486 8142,66
brass 0,129 0,25 0,00001486 8681,02
lead 0,177 0,25 0,00001486 11911,17
zinc 0,111 0,25 0,00001486 7469,72
aluminium
0,042 0,25 0,00001486 2826,38
1
aluminium
0,024 0,14 0,000008598 2791,35
2
aluminium
0,019 0,11 0,000006914 2748,05
3

III. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS-DISCUSSION

BY DEMONSTRATING THE PRINCIPLE OF ARCHIMEDES IT WAS ACCEPTABLE TO IDENTIFY THE

PUSHING FORCE, APPARENT WEIGHT, REAL WEIGHT AND DENSITY OF EACH BODY, "DESPITE THESE

STUDENTS RECOGNIZED HAVING STUDIED THE LAW OF PUSH ARCHIMEDES DURING COMPULSORY

TEACHING, BY ANALYZING THEIR ANSWERS WE CHECK THAT ONLY 7 OF THEM (6%) KNEW TO

DEFINE IT CORRECTLY. THE MOST COMMON ERROR (OF 15% OF STUDENTS) WAS TO SAY THAT THE

FORCE UP TO SUFFER A SUBMERGED BODY IN A FLUID IS EQUAL TO THE VOLUME OF THE BODY OR

SIMPLY THAT THE SUBMERGED VOLUME OF THE BODY IS EQUAL TO THE VOLUME OF THE EVICTED

LIQUID, AND THE REMAINING MAJORITY ANSWERED NOTHING AT ALL”[14]. THE DIFFERENT

RESULTS OBTAINED IN THE PRACTICE CARRIED OUT WERE ANALYZED, STARTING LIKE THIS,

TOWARDS AN ADEQUATE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE. THE THEORETICAL

CONCEPTS LEARNED ABOVE WERE LINKED TO THE CONCEPTS THAT WERE NEEDED IN PRACTICE,
HAVING THUS A GREATER ACCURACY IN DATA COLLECTION, AND AN ADEQUATE UNDERSTANDING

OF THEM. AN APPROPRIATE INTEREST TO THE FIELD OF PHYSICS WAS ENCOURAGED, FROM THE

PRACTICE MADE, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT, THAT SUCH ACTIVITY WILL SERVE US FOR A NEAR

FUTURE, APPLYING IT TO OUR LIFE OR TO A PARTICULAR END [15]. THIS PRINCIPLE OF

ARCHIMEDES HAS MANY APPLICATIONS, BETWEEN THEM WE CAN CITE THE SHIPS AND

SUBMARINES; BASE BOATS IN THIS PRINCIPLE WHEN DOING THE DESIGN OF THEM, THE

SUBMARINES ALSO BASED THEIR DESIGN IN THE PRINCIPLE OF ARCHIMEDES, IT MUST BE ADDED

THAT IN OUR CLASS THAT IS NOT NUMEROUS OF 12 STUDENTS MOST DEFENDED THE PRACTICE
LABORATORY BEFORE STARTING TO MAKE THIS COMPARISON WITH ANOTHER CLASS BEFORE

MENTIONED OUR GROUP CONCLUDES THAT THE HYPOTHESIS IS FULFILLED BY IMPROVING THE

THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHYSICS II CLASSES THROUGH THE PRACTICE.

IV. CONCLUSIONS

the principle of archimedes was demonstrated that a body on a fluid will dislodge a volume of
fluid equal to the submerged body, this was achieved thanks to the equipment provided in the
laboratory.
it was known the present forces real weight, apparent weight and pushing force with the help
of formulas dictated in classes. the densities of each body were identified with an approximation
of 95%.

V. REFERENCES

[1] i. d. e. a. c. q. de and l. a. célula, “práctica de laboratorio no. 2.”

[2] “fisica divertida - carlos fiolhais - descargalibros.” .
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un análisis cr{\’\i}tico en torno a los mooc,” rev. interuniv. form. del profr., no. 79, pp.
29–50, 2014.
[4] “historia de el principio de arquimedes,” scribd. .
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ejemplo de aplicación en la enseñanza media,” enseñanza las ciencias rev. investig. y
exp. didácticas, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 135–144, 1987.
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enseñanza las ciencias rev. investig. y exp. didácticas, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 244–250, 1990.
[8] “dinamómetro - ecured.” .
[9] n. de la m. o asignatura and e. formativo, “7163 f{\’\i}sica general datos de
identificación.”
[10] “informe lab 3 principio de arquimedes.” [online]. available:
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04-feb-2019].
[11] aldo valcarce, “principio de arquímedes,” univ. castilla-la mancha, vol. 1–1, pp. 120–
130, 2007.
[12] método experimental. 2008.
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investig. y exp. didácticas, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 57–63, 1986.
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