EMERGENCY SERVICE FACILITY AT ARBAMINCH

[IN THE CASE OF THE CITY OF ARBAMINCH, ETHIOPIA]

ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BY
ABDI TAMENE

DATE

MAR – 2019
Thesis Project Proposal on Emergency Service Facility at Arba Minch

Emergency Service Facility at Arba Minch

Thesis Proposal

This Thesis project proposal is submitted to Arba Minch University (AMIT),

Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning

By

ABDI TAMENE

Adviser

Ins. Satish K.

March 2019

Arba Minch

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Thesis Project Proposal on Emergency Service Facility at Arba Minch

Table of content

1. Introduction

2. Statement of the problem

3. Research question and Objectives

4. Literature of review

5. Methodology

6. Scope of the study

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Thesis Project Proposal on Emergency Service Facility at Arba Minch

Introduction

Emergency services or rescue services are organizations which ensure public safety and
health by addressing different emergencies. Some of these agencies exist solely for addressing
certain types of emergencies many of these agencies engage in community awareness and
prevention programs to help the public avoid, detect and report emergencies effectively. The
availability of emergency services depends very heavily on location, and may in some cases also
rely on the recipient giving payment or holding suitable insurance or other surety for receiving the
services. Emergency services have one or more dedicated emergency telephone numbers reserve
for critical emergency calls. In some countries, one number is used for all the emergency services.

There are three primary emergency services that can be summoned directly by the public:

• Police: law enforcement, criminal investigation, and maintenance of public order

• Fire: firefighting, hazardous materials response, and technical rescue
• EMS: emergency medical services and technical rescue

Effective emergency services management requires agencies from many different services
to work closely from many different services to work closely together and to have open lines of
communication. Most services do, or should, have procedures and liaisons in place to ensure this
although absence of these can be severely detrimental to good working. Some locations have
emergency services dedicated to them, and whilst this does not necessarily preclude employees
using their skills outside this area (or be used to support other emergency services outside their
area). They are primarily focused on the safety or security of a given geographical place.

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Thesis Project Proposal on Emergency Service Facility at Arba Minch

Statement of the Problem

Emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment,

since cities are in a change and growth, also the size of cities and population is in a very high

increasing rate, then through these changes the possibilities of accidents are growing, with a

limited emergency facility provided or none.

According to Arba Minch, the city doesn’t have properly designed or doesn’t have an

emergency facility that can offer the residents a well-organized response if accidents broke out

such as fire, vehecular crashes and many other emergency accidents that can use the facility service

essentially.

Research Questions

1. what are the major accidents?

2. what types of emergency facilities are available?

3. where does the existing emergency facilities are located?

Objectives

• To develop an emergency facility which facilitates medical and fire service

• To analyze the major accidents occurred

• To analyze types of emergency facilities available

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Thesis Project Proposal on Emergency Service Facility at Arba Minch

Review of Literature

Improvement of Emergency services (EMS) performance is a subject of ongoing study

across the United States and around the world. The objective of this task is to conduct a national
search of available literature and synthesize the information relevant to this topic. This literature
review provides background statistics as well as specific practices and metrics used by EMS
personnel and health care facilities.

A document was compiled by SRF consulting group staff and categorized for review. Staff
members were then assigned several categories for a detailed evaluation and summary.
Information in this chapter includes a summary of crash statistics on rural areas, a summary of
EMS crash response data and a synthesis of literature related to ems crash response in rural areas.

Rural crash statistics

The majority of motor vehicle travel in the united states takes place in urban areas. Despite a
greater number of rural road miles, more than 60% of total vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) on public
roads occurs in urban areas; only 40% of VMT occurred in rural areas. Although more motor
vehicle travel takes place in urban areas account for more than half of the national’s fatal crashes.
In 2010, rural areas reported more than 54% fatal crashes that resulted out of 18,026 fatalities.
Urban areas experienced more than 45% fatal crashes and 14,546 fatalities.

Rural crash response statistics

Rural EMS is provided through a variety of services delivery components and methods across the
nation. A network of EMS personnel, including volunteer and career emergency medical
technicians EMTs and paramedics, use various vehicles, equipment’s, and facilities to deliver
emergency medical care to injured occupants of rural crashes. (Knott 2003).

After a severe motor vehicle crash, the crash occupant’s survival may ultimately depend on how
quickly they receive definitive medical treatment. Dr. R. Adams Cowley is credited with coining
the term “golden hour” to refer to the 60 minutes immediately following the occurrence of
multisystem trauma events. However, a rigidly defined 60-minutes interval for survival has since
been scrutinized and the relevance of this timeframe is not supported by research. The time-

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Thesis Project Proposal on Emergency Service Facility at Arba Minch

dependency of a successful outcome is dependent on various factors, including the type of injury
that has been sensitive the delivery of definitive medical care is on patient outcomes.

Fifty documents were reviewed for their relevance to the topic area. Of these, the major findings
for 37 are summarized as:

Response Time of Crash to EMS notification to EMS Arrival at Time of Crash to

Time EMS Notification EMS Arrival Scene to Hospital Hospital Arrival
(Minutes) Arrival
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Rural Fatal Crashes
0 to 10 7,340 86.5 4,875 53.8 85 2.0 12 0.3
11 to 20 682 8.0 3,027 33.4 515 15.0 119 2.9
21 to 30 213 2.5 744 8.2 1,073 25.0 427 10.3
31 to 40 98 1.2 273 3.0 943 22.0 649 15.7
41 to 50 35 0.4 83 0.9 664 15.5 752 18.2
51 to 60 42 0.5 25 0.3 421 9.8 671 16.2
61 to 120 75 0.9 40 0.4 594 13.8 1,507 36.4
Total 8,485 100 9,067 100 4,295 100 4,137 100
Urban Fatal Crashes
0 to 10 6,685 94.2 5,994 85.3 208 5.5 32 0.8
11 to 20 255 3.6 857 12.2 1,104 29.1 438 11.6
21 to 30 62 0.9 125 1.8 1,247 32.9 1,076 28.5
31 to 40 25 0.4 37 0.5 662 17.4 912 24.1
41 to 50 11 0.2 7 0.1 293 7.7 602 15.9
51 to 60 18 0.3 3 0.0 122 3.2 329 8.7
61 to 120 39 0.5 2 0.0 158 4.2 393 10.4
Total 7,095 100 7,025 100 3,794 100 3,782 100

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Thesis Project Proposal on Emergency Service Facility at Arba Minch

Methodology

Qualitative and quantitative data will be used for this study because the existing situation
of emergency service facility in Arba Minch regarding to architectural design purpose does not
serve the function, particular methods such as interviews, questionnaires and observations to
collect essential and significant data will be used. The collected data resulting from these methods
will be carefully analyzed.

Scope of the study

The scope of this study is city of Arba Minch, Ethiopia and the study mainly concerned with
the emergency services that are giving services for the community if any kind of accidents occur
in the city and with further investigation providing standardized facility which can run all around
the city sufficiently if any accident or emergency broke out.