DESIGN A ND CONSTRue 10 0

AUTOMATIC STAR-DELTA STARTER

BY

ACHA YUNUSA

2004/18887EE

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTM ENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING A ND

ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYMINNA, NIGER

STATE

NOVEMBER, 2009
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this project to almighty Allah the lord of the universe and beyond, the Illost beneficent

nd the most merciful, the provider and the sustainer of Ii fe Whom indeed all praises and thanks

re due . I also dedicate this project to my beloved parent Mr. ABlJI3AKAR AUlA and ACHA

\EKIYA

al

Ii:

ii
Finally, may Almighty Allah reward whosoever that had in one way or the other contributed

positively to my life.

v
 ABSTRACT

When an induction motor is started directly on line it takes about a starti ng cUlTcnt 6(s ix) times

the full load current, (Yahool Answers India). For large motors the high stal1ing current causes

vo ltage drop in the power system which may tripping of other equipment in the system lEE

Regulation restricts the rating of the motor which can be started direct on line. To reduce the

starting current of an induction motor the voltage across the phase windings need to be reduced .

This can be done efTectively by star-delta starter. For star-delta starter, the windings are

connected in star during starting. After the motor has run to about 80% of its rat ed speed the

connections are changed to delta for smooth acceleration The supply voltage is reduced by 58%

while the starting current and the torque are reduced by JJ% (Yahoo l Answers India)

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dedication . . .1

..
Declaration ........... . II

Ack nowledgement ...... . . III

Abstract ........ . . ....... .. ... ...... IV

Chapter One: Introduction ............ ..... .. .. .... .. . . .. 1

1. 1 Overview ..... .. . . . . .. . . . .. 1

1.2 Aims and Objectives .... .. ..... ........ .. .......... .. ... .... ... .... ... . . . .... 2

.3 Statement of Problem .. ...... .. .. ........... . .... ... .. .. . ..,

. . . . . . . . . "-

4 Significance of the Project .. ..... .. .. ....... . ...... ... .. ....... . . . .. 3

.5 JustificatioIl ... .. . ..... .. .. .. . .. . ..... . ... .. ... . ... .. . ... . . ... ........ .... ... ... . .... . . . .. .. 3

.6 Area of Application ... .. .. .... . ... ... ... ... ........ ... . .... .. . . ... . 4

7 Scope .. ...... ... ... ... .................................... ... ............ ...... .... ... .. . ...... .. 4

.8 Methodology ...... ....... .... 5

9 Method of Operation ............. ....... ... . .. 5

pter Two : Literature Review . ........ . . .. .. .... . .... .. ..... ......... ........ ... .. . .. ...... 8

.8

.......... 9

vii
2.3 Full Voltage Electromechanical Starter (Direct -On-Line Starters) . . 1()

2.3. 1 Direct-On-Line and Its Mechanical EfTects . . 10

2.3.2 Direct-On-Line and Its Associated Electrical EfTects . . ......... 10

2.4 Reduced Voltage Electromechanical Starters .. . ..... 12

2.4.1 Primary Resistor Starting ..... . ...... . .. ............................... ............ 12

2.4.2 Autotransformer Starting. 13

2.4.3 Star-Delta Starter ...... .. ... . . . .................. 14

2.4.4 Star or wye (y) Connection ... ............. .. .................................. . ....... . 15

2.4.5 Delta (M or Mesh Connection ....... . . ... 17

2.4.6 Current Surges in Star-Delta Starting ...... 18

2.4 .7 Reasons for Using Star-Delta Starter... ...... .. ... . . .................. .................. .... 19

2.4 .8 Full Load Current of Motor and Motor Speed in Star-Delta starter ..... . 20

Chapter Three: Design and Construction of Automatic Star-Delta Starter .. ... 22

3.1 Components and their

Specifications . . ..... .. .. .. ... ..... .. .. . ... ... ... ... ... ............ ... .. ... . .. . 22

3.2 Mathematical Analysis off-low the Components were

Selected .. . ... ... ... ........... .......... 23

3.2.1Selection ofContactors .................... .. . .24

viii
 3.2.2 Select ion of Overload relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .24

3.2.3 Miniature Current Circuit Breaker (MCCB) . . ........ ... ' " ....... ... .. .... 24

3.2.4 Selection of Cables ....... .... .... .... ..... . .. .. . .24

3.2.5 Selection of Timer. ..... ....... .. . .25

3.2.6 Voltmeter ...... . .. .. .... . .. 25

3.2.7 Mounting Board .. ..... .... . .......... .. .. . .25

3.3. 1 Brief Description of Components Used and Their Functions . 26

3.3.2 Contactors ....................... . .. . ... . . .. 26

3.3.2 . 1 Mode of Operation .. .. .... ................... ...... .. .. . . 26

3.3.2. 2 Types ofContactors ... . .. . ...... ... . .. 27

3.3.2.3 Advantages of Magnetically Operated Contaclor .. . .. .... . . ...... 27

3.3.3 Overload Relay .. 28

3.3.4 Push Button ....... .............. 30

3.3.5 Circuit Breakers ..... . .. .... .. ....... ... ............ ... .. . ... .... . . . ........... 31

3.3 .5. 1 Miniature Current Circu it Breaker (MCCB) .. .. ........... . ......... .... .. ... ... . . 32

3.3.6 Timer Relay ..... . .. ........ ... .... .. . .. . .................... . . .......... 33

3.4 Principle of Operation of the Starter ....... .. ............... . . 37

ix
3.5 Construction and Assembly of Components . _. 37

3.6 Possible Faults and Remedies .................. ... .. .. . . .. .... . 38

3.7 Limitations and Problems Encountered ...... . 40

Chapter Four: Testing and Commissioning ..... _ Al

4. 1 Physical Inspection ... .. .... . . . .. .......... . .. . .. . .............. ..... . . . .. 4 1

4.2 Testing ........... _ 41

4.2. 1 Continuity Test .......... .. .. ... ... . . ..4 1

4.2.2 Short Circuit Tests ....... .. .. ....... .. ... . . ... 41

4.2.3 The Control Circuit Test ............... .... . . .. .42

4.3 Commissioning . 42

Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendation .. . ............ . .... .. .. .. . ..... ... . . .. .43

5. 1 Recommendations . . .......... . ... .. . ... ..... . 43

5.2 Conclusions . . .. .43

Reference ... ........... _... _ .. 45

x
 LIST OF FIGURES

I. Fig. 1. 1 Automatic Star-Delta Starter Power Circuit

2. Fig. 1.2 Automatic Start- Delta Starter Control Circuit

3. Fig.2. 1 Three-phase Motor Connected for wye Start

4. Fig.2. 1 Star Arrangement in which each of the Phase Windings Receives Approximately

58% of the Supply Voltage

5. Fig.2.2 3(1) Motor Connected for Delta Run .

6. Fig. 2.3 Delta (~) Mesh Arrangement with each Phase Winding Receives Exactly the

Applied Voltage.

7. Fig .3. 1 Electromagnetic Contactor

8. Fig.32 Control Circuit Diagram for Start and Stop Buttons

9. Fig 3.3 Connection Diagram of the Timer

10. Fig.3.4 Connection Diagram of An Automatic Star-Delta Starter.

II . Fig.3.5 Control Diagram Line of Automatic Star-Delta Starter

xi