11/17/2013

Ionic Compound Formulas Ions

¾Cation
Cation:: A positive ion
¾Mg2+, NH4+

¾Anion:
Ani n: A n
negative
ti iionn
¾Cl , SO4
− 2−

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Predicting Ionic Charges Predicting Ionic Charges

Group 1
1:: Lose 1 electron to form 1+ ions Group 2:
2: Loses 2 electrons to form 2+ ions
H+ Li+ Na+ K+ Be2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+

Predicting Ionic Charges Predicting Ionic Charges

Group 13:
13: Loses 3 Neither! Group 14 Group 14:
14: Lose 4
B3+ Al3+ Ga3+ electrons to form elements rarely form electrons or gain
3+ ions ions. 4 electrons?

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Predicting Ionic Charges Predicting Ionic Charges

N3- Nitride Group 15:
15: Gains 3 O2- Oxide Group 16:
16: Gains 2
P3 - Phosphide electrons to form S2- Sulfide electrons to form
As3- Arsenide 3- ions Se2- Selenide 2- ions

Predicting Ionic Charges Predicting Ionic Charges

F1- Fluoride Group 17:
17: Gains 1 Group 18:
18: Stable
electron to form Noble gases do not
Cl1- Chloride 1- ions form ions!
Br1- Bromide

I1- Iodide

Predicting Ionic Charges Predicting Ionic Charges

Groups 3 - 12
12:: Many transition elements Groups 3 - 12
12:: Some transition elements
have more than one possible oxidation state. have only one possible oxidation state.
Iron(II) = Fe2+ Iron(III) = Fe3+ Zinc = Zn2+ Silver = Ag+

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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Writing Ionic Compound Formulas

Example: Calcium sulfide Example: Silver sulfide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES! including CHARGES!
2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 2. Check to see if charges are balanced.

3 Balance charges , if necessary,

3. necessary using subscripts 3 Balance charges , if necessary,
3. necessary using subscripts.
subscripts

CaS
Ca2+ S2- AgAg
1+2S S2-
2
They are balanced! Not balanced!

Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Writing Ionic Compound Formulas

Example: Barium nitrate Example: Ammonium sulfate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES! including CHARGES!
2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 2. Check to see if charges
are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary,
3 necessary using subscripts.
subscripts Use
parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic 3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use
ion. parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic

BaBa
Ba(NO
2+ (NO
( NO
3)3
2 )2
- ion.
(NH4)
( NH 4 ) 2
+ SO42-
SO 4 2
Not balanced!
Not balanced!

Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Writing Ionic Compound Formulas

Example: Iron(III) chloride Example: Aluminum sulfide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES! including CHARGES!

2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 2. Check to see if charges

are balanced.

3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use 3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use
parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic
ion. ion.

FeFeCl
3+ Cl
3-
AlAl
3+ SS2-
3 22 3 3
Not balanced! Not balanced!

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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Writing Ionic Compound Formulas

Example: Magnesium carbonate Example: Zinc hydroxide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including
CHARGES! CHARGES!

2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 2. Check to see if charges are

balanced.

3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use

parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic
MgMgCO
2+
CO332-
ion.
ZnZn(OH)
2+ ( OH- )
2 2

They are balanced! Not balanced!

Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Naming Ionic Compounds

Example: Aluminum phosphate ¾ Cation first, then anion
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES! ¾ Monatomic cation = name of the
2. Check to see if charges are
element
balanced. ¾ Ca2+ = calcium ion

¾ Monatomic anion = root + -ide

AlAlPO
3+ PO4 3-
4 ¾ Cl− = chlor
chloride
ide
¾ CaCl2 = calcium chloride
They ARE balanced!

Naming Ionic Compounds

(continued)

Metals with multiple oxidation states

¾ some metal forms more than one cation
¾ use Roman numeral in name

¾ PbCl2

¾ Pb2+ is cation

¾ PbCl2 = lead(II) chloride