Slide 6

Flood damage
DR. BALQIS MOHD REHAN
03-89464471
balqis@upm.edu.my
 In this lecture we will cover…
• Approach to calculate total damage for a given
flood inundation.

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 What is our damage function?
• Different cases:
– Without protection
– With protection – what type of protection?

• Different approaches:
– Flood receptors
– Flood-damage influencer
 Damage to residential houses
• Concerning impact to individual building.

• The total damages can be estimated using

information of:
– density of residential buildings (𝑃) on each ground
elevation (𝑔),
– damage (𝐷) affecting individual buildings, which is
determined by flood depth (ℎ).

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Calculation of flood damage using
flood damage indicator
• Suitable flood indicator depends for the study
area depends on:
– receptors of interests: residential area, agriculture
– type of structural protection in place:
– available knowledge and/or data availability: velocity-
damage r/ship, depth-damage r/ship

• Example of structural protection.

– With PLP
– With flood defence
– With combined PLP and flood defence

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 Stage-damage equation of w/o
PLP or embankment protection
𝑛

𝐷𝑘 = ෍ 𝑃𝑔 𝐷ℎ 𝑧=𝑖+1
𝑦=𝑛−𝑖
𝑖=0

Equally spaced sequence of a consistent length of the

variables is indexed with 𝑖 as a general reference.

The information of 𝑃𝑔 and 𝐷ℎ 𝑧 is attributed to the

𝑦
discrete elevation steps. They are stored in a look-up
table accordingly to allow for ease in referencing.

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 Input Total damage (£)

Damage per
Number of Total Options wit
Calculation residential Options without property prote
Ground
elevation
index
water depth for a
property, (£)
buildings per damage
property protection extent of 20 y
elevation return perio
(m AD)
i, n, z and y Dh Pg D k1 D k2

5.6 1 980 4 -
5.7 2 18,925 3 75,700
5.8 3 28,859 3 172,210
5.9 4 32,754 1 274,367
6 5 33,476 3 337,668
6.1 6 34,199 5 421,119
6.2 7 34,921 7 556,664
6.3 8 35,606 6 758,291 142
6.4 9 36,292 20 970,708 251
6.5 10 36,977 21 1,449,432 742
6.6 11 37,418 13 2,086,298 1,379
6.7 12 37,859 24 2,639,719 2,024
6.8 13 38,299 17 3,339,270 2,889
6.9 14 39,061 18 7 4,000,408 3,790
Example

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Stage-damage when consider PLP
• Direct flood losses to residential area
considering PLP can be calculated by setting a
targeted protection level.
• Damage is considered to occur once the
targeted protection level is overtopped.

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 Stage-damage when consider PLP
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 < 𝑖𝑓
𝐷𝑖𝑓 <𝑛<𝑖𝑝 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑓 < 𝑛 < 𝑖𝑝
𝐷𝑝𝑙𝑝 =
𝐷𝑖𝑓 <𝑛<𝑖𝑝 + 𝐷𝑖𝑝 ≤𝑛<𝑖𝑚 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑝 ≤ 𝑛 < 𝑖𝑚
𝐷𝑘 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑚 < 𝑛

Where;
𝑛

𝐷𝑖𝑓 <𝑛<𝑖𝑝 = ෍ 𝑃𝑔 𝐷
𝑦=𝑛−𝑖 ℎ 𝑧=𝑖+1
𝑖=𝑖𝑓
𝑛

𝐷𝑖𝑝 ≤𝑛<𝑖𝑚 = ෍ 𝑃𝑔 𝐷
𝑦=𝑖+1 ℎ 𝑧=𝑛−𝑖
𝑖=𝑖𝑃

• 𝑖𝑓 denotes an elevation level corresponds to the protection threshold on buildings

located on the lower ground elevation.
• 𝑖𝑝 denotes the highest ground elevation level of the buildings equipped with PLP
measures.
• 𝑖𝑚 denotes an elevation level corresponds to the protection threshold on buildings
located on the highest ground elevation level.
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Example

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 Stage-damage when consider
embankment
• When considering fully functional defence,
damage will only incur once the defence is
exceeded.
a) Defence is fully overtopped
b) Defence acts as weir, allowing volume of water
to enter the protected area.

0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 < 𝑖𝑐
𝐷𝑐 = ቊ
𝐷𝑘 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑐 < 𝑛

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Example

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TERIMA KASIH / THANK YOU
www.upm.edu.my