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ADJETIVOS ,
SUSTANTIVOS ,
SUFIJOS,
PREFIJOS,
CONECTORES,
VOZ PASIVA,
CONDICIONALES
PFA
0
GRAMÁTICA
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VERB TENSES
AFFIRMATIVE/NEGATI- SIGNAL
TENSE USE
VE/QUESTION WORDS
Simple A: He spoke.
action in the past taking yesterday, 2
Past N: He did not speak. place once, never or minutes ago,
Q: Did he speak? several times actions in 1990, the
taking place one after other day, last
another action taking place Friday
in the middle of another if sentence
action type II ( If I
talked , … )
Past A: He was speaking.
action going on at a certain when, while,
Progressiv N: He was not speaking. time in the past actions as long as
e Q: Was he speaking? taking place at the same
time action in the past that
is interrupted by another
action
2
moment of speaking
Present A: He has been speaking. putting emphasis on the all day, for 4
Perfect N: He has not been course or duration (not the years, since
Progressiv speaking. result) action that recently 1993, how
e Q: Has he been speaking? stopped or is still going on long?, the
finished action that whole week
influenced the present
3
Future II A: He will have spoken.
action that will be finished by Monday, in
Simple N: He will not have spoken. at a certain time in the a week
Q: Will he have spoken? future
CONDICIONAL FORMS
Conditional type 0 >> ZERO CONDITIONAL
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE PRESENT
Used for scientific facts or general truths (usado para expresar verdades
científicas, hechos que nunca cambian o situaciones que siempre ocurren)
If you heat butter, it melts.
Si calientas manteca, ésta se derrite.
If you put water in a cooler, it freezes.
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Si colocas agua en el congelador, ésta se congela.
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
Si calientas agua a 100 grados, ésta hierve.
If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
Si cruzas una línea de tiempo internacional, la hora cambia.
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queja o remordimiento). En español hay una construcción similar por lo cual
este condicional no debería resultar complicado.
If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons.
(Si el PRIMER verbo de la oración es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las
personas)
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.
Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habría ido a ver.
The real situation was that I didn't know you were sick. So I say If I had known...
When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known)
after IF.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a laptop.
Si hubieses ahorrado tu dinero, podrías haberte comprado una computadora.
Expressing regret
If only / I wish + past perfect
Example:
If only I had woken up early. (I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus.)
Use:
To express a regret.
The action is past.
Complaining
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I wish / if only + would + verb
Example:
I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time (I'm annoyed because you always
come late and I want you to arrive on time)
Use:
To complain about a behavior that you disapprove.
Expressing impatience, annoyance or dissatisfaction with a
present action.
VOZ PASIVA
El uso de la pasiva es muy frecuente en inglés. Se forma con el verbo to be +
el participio pasado del verbo principal (3ª columna de los verbos
irregulares).
The exercises are done by everybody
The rooms were cleaned by us
Nota: al pasar una oración a pasiva ponemos el verbo to be en el mismo
tiempo que tenía el verbo principal en activa. A veces en inglés también
añadimos al final el complemento agente con la preposición by.
Usamos la voz pasiva cuando el que realiza la acción, el agente, es obvio o
desconocido, o poco importante.
My house was painted (obviamente por un pintor)
The letters were typed (no importa quién lo hizo)
También utilizamos la voz pasiva del inglés para destacar la acción o el objeto
más que la persona que la hizo, de manera que aparezca como algo más
impersonal.
The room must be cleaned
The tickets were sold
Otro uso es para subrayar el proceso o acontecimiento en lugar del agente
que lo causa, por ejemplo en experimentos científicos, en recetas culinarias,
etc.
Coal is burnt Sugar is added
Cuando de alguna manera queremos ocultar quien realizó la acción. Por
ejemplo para evitar señalar quién es el responsable o bien por modestia.
The boys were punished (no se dice quién los castigó)
Our tickets were lost (evito decir quién los perdió)
Existe una serie de verbos que no pueden ir en pasiva (intransitivos). Son los
que no tienen complemento, es decir, que nadie "recibe" la acción del verbo.
Dentro de este gupo tenemos: arrive, come, die, exist, happen, have, live, etc.
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Tiempo
Verbal de
la oración VOZ ACTIVA VOZ PASIVA
en voz
activa
My brother The lesson is
Presente
studies the studied by my
Simple
lesson. brother.
My brother is The lesson is
Presente
studying the being studied by
Continuo
lesson. my brother.
My brother The lesson was
Pasado
studied the studied by my
Simple
lesson. brother.
My brother was The lesson was
Pasado
studying the being studied by
Continuo
lesson. my brother.
My brother will The lesson will be
Futuro
study the studied by my
Simple
lesson. brother.
The lesson is
My brother is
Futuro going to be
going to study
Cercano studied by my
the lesson.
brother.
My brother has The lesson has
Presente
studied the been studied by
Perfecto
lesson. my brother.
My brother had The lesson had
Pasado
studied the been studied by
Perfecto
lesson. my brother.
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THE CAUSATIVE
Causative verbs express an action which is caused to happen. In other words,
when I have something done for me I cause it to happen. In other words, I do
not actually do anything, but ask someone else to do it for me. This is the
sense of causative verbs. Intermediate to advanced level English learners
should study the causative verb as an alternative to the pasive voice.
Causative Verbs
Jack had his house painted.
This sentence is similar in meaning to: Someone painted Jack's house. OR
Jack's house was painted by someone. Causative verbs express the idea of
someone causing something to take place. Causative verbs can be similar in
meaning to passive verbs.
Examples:
My hair was cut. (passive)
I had my hair cut. (causative)
Both 'make' and 'have' can be used as causative verbs.
Make
'Make' as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person requires
another person to do something.
Construction Chart
Subject + Make + Person + Base Form of Verb
Examples:
Peter made her do her homework.
The teacher made the students stay after class.
Have
'Have' as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person wants
something to be done for them. This causative verb is often used when
speaking about various services. There are two forms of the causative verb
'have'.
Construction Chart: Use 1
Subject + Have + Person + Base Form of Verb
Examples:
They had John arrive early.
She had her children cook dinner for her.
Construction Chart: Use 2
Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle
Examples:
I had my hair cut last Saturday.
She had the car washed at the weekend.
Note: This form is similar in meaning to the passive.
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RELATIVE CLAUSES
We use relative clauses to give additional information about something
without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative
clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain
words.
That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative
clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the
most important thing – you want to know who the girl is.
Do you know the girl …
As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put
in the additional information – the girl is talking to Tom. Use „the girl“ only in
the first part of the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative
pronoun (for people, use the relative pronoun „who“). So the final sentence
is:
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
Relative Pronouns
relative
Use example
pronoun
who subject or object pronoun for people I told you about the woman
who lives next door.
which subject or object pronoun for animals Do you see the cat which is
and things lying on the roof?
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surprised me.
whose possession for people animals and Do you know the boy whose
things mother is a nurse?
that subject or object pronoun for people, I don’t like the table that
animals and things in defining stands in the kitchen.
relative clauses (who or which are
also possible)
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Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?
Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who,
which, that are used for subject and object pronouns. You can, however,
distinguish them as follows:
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject
pronoun. Subject pronouns must always be used.
the apple which is lying on the table
Relative Adverbs
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition.
This often makes the sentence easier to understand.
This is the shop in which I bought my bike.
→ This is the shop where I bought my bike.
relative
meaning use example
adverb
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Defining Relative Clauses
Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive
relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or
expression. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas.
Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls. One girl is talking to Tom and you
ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause defines
which of the five girls you mean.
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
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REPORTER SPEECH
Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)
Ejemplos:
I am going to London next week, she said.
Alice said, "I love to dance." (Alice dijo, "Me encanta bailar.")
Chris asked, Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?
Chris asked, "Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?"
(Chris preguntó, "Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?")
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Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no
necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo
indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia. A continuación tienes una explicación de
los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales.
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Greg said, "I didn't go to work Greg said that he hadn't gone to work
yesterday." yesterday.
Did you buy a new car? she asked.
She asked me if I had bought a new
car.
She asked me if I had bought a new
car.
"Did you buy a new car?" she asked.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
I was working late last night, Vicki Vicki told me she'd been working last
said. ight.
"I was working late last night," Vicki Vicki told me she'd been working last
said. night.
They said that they hadn't been
They said, We weren't waiting long. waiting long.
They said, "We weren't waiting long." They said that they hadn't been
waiting long.
He asked, Were you sleeping when I He asked if I'd been sleeping when he
called? called.
He asked, "Were you sleeping when I He asked if I'd been sleeping when he
called?" called.
Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
Heather told me that she'd already
Heather said, I've already eaten. eaten.
Heather said, "I've already eaten." Heather told me that she'd already
eaten.
We haven't been to China, they said. They said they hadn't been to China.
"We haven't been to China," they said. They said they hadn't been to China.
Have you worked here before? I I asked her whether she'd worked
asked. there before.
"Have you worked here before?" I I asked her whether she'd worked
asked. there before.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
I've been studying English for two He said he'd been studying English for
years, he said. two years.
"I've been studying English for two He said he'd been studying English for
years," he said. two years.
Steve said, We've been dating for over Steve told me that they'd been dating
a year now. for over a year.
Steve said, "We've been dating for Steve told me that they'd been dating
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over a year now." for over a year.
Have you been waiting long? they They asked whether I'd been waiting
asked. long.
"Have you been waiting long?" they They asked whether I'd been waiting
asked. long.
Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE)
I'd been to Chicago before for work, He said that he'd been to Chicago
he said. before for work.
"I'd been to Chicago before for work," He said that he'd been to Chicago
he said. before for work.
Past Perfect Continuous (*NO
Past Perfect Continuous
CHANGE)
She said, I'd been dancing for years She said she'd been dancing for years
before the accident. before the accident.
She said, "I'd been dancing for years She said she'd been dancing for years
before the accident." before the accident.
Ejemplos:
I'm 30 years old, she said. She said she is 30 years old.
"I'm 30 years old," she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
We are going to Tokyo next week, they said. They said they are going to
Tokyo next week.
"We are going to Tokyo next week," they said. → They said they are
going to Tokyo next week.
I'll cut my hair tomorrow, Nina said. Nina said she is cutting her hair
tomorrow.
"I'll cut my hair tomorrow," Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair
tomorrow.
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Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)
El tiempo verbal cambia en el estilo indirecto también con algunos de los
verbos modales:
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tonight.
May Might/Could
Jane said, I may not be in class Jane said she might not be in class
tomorrow. tomorrow.
Jane said, "I may not be in class Jane said she might not be in class
tomorrow." tomorrow.
The boy asked if he could use the
May I use the bathroom, please?
bathroom.
"May I use the bathroom, please?" the
The boy asked if he could use the
boy asked.
bathroom.
Say
Ejemplos:
Estilo directo
I'm hungry, he said.
"I need your help," Glen said to Mike. ("Necesito tu ayuda," Glen dijo a
Mike.)
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She said, "Do you like to dance?" (Ella dijo, "¿Te gusta bailar?")
Estilo indirecto
He said he was hungry.
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que
necesitaba su ayuda.)
Tell
También se puede usar "tell" con el estilo directo y el indirecto, aunque el uso
con el estilo directo no es tan común. Cuando usamos "tell" necesitamos usar
un objeto indirecto que va detrás del verbo.
Ejemplos:
Estilo directo
He told, I need your help.
Glen told Mike, "I need your help." (Glen dijo a Mike, "Necesito to
ayuda.")
Estilo indirecto
He told that he was hungry.
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba
su ayuda.)
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Otros usos de "tell":
You told him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de
la oficina?)
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5. Usamos "tell" con el tiempo o la fecha.
o Ejemplos:
o Could you tell me the time, please? she asked.
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VOCABULARY
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LISTADO DE VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES
SE ENTIENDE POR VERBOS REGULARES, AQUELLOS VERBOS QUE PARA
FORMAR SU PASADO Y TAMBIEN SU PARTICIPIO SOLO SE LE TENDRA QUE
AGREGAR LA TERMINACION "ED" A SU TIEMPO PRESENTE
A.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
ABASE ABASED ABASED HUMILLAR
ABASH ABASHED ABASHED AVERGONZAR
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ABIDE ABODE/ABIDED ABODE SOPORTAR
ABBREVIATE ABBREVIATED ABBREVIATED ABREVIAR
ABDICATE ABDICATED ABDICATED ABDICAR
ABOLISH ABOLISHED ABOLISHED ABOLIR
ABRADE ABRADED ABRADED RASPAR
ABHOR ABHORED ABHORED ABORRECER
ABOARD ABOARDED ABOARDED ABORDAR
ABORT ABORTED ABORTED ABORTAR
ABOMINATE ABOMINATED ABOMINATED ABORRECER
ABOUND ABOUNDED ABOUNDED ABUNDAR
ABSOLVE ABSOLVED ABSOLVED ABSOLVER
ABSORB ABSORBED ABSORBED ABSORBER
ABSTAIN ABSTAINED ABTAINED ABSTENERSE
ABUSE ABUSED ABUSED ABUSAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEPTAR
ACCLAIM ACCLAIMED ACCLAIMED ACLAMAR
ACCLIMATIZE ACCLIMATIZED ACCLIMATIZED ACLIMATARSE
ACCOMPANY ACCOMPANIED ACCOMPANIED ACOMPAÑAR
ACCUMULATE ACCUMULATED ACCUMULATED ACUMULAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ACQUAINT ACQUAINTED ACQUAINTED FAMILIARIZARSE
ACT ACTED ACTED ACTUAR
ACTIVATE ACTIVATED ACTIVATED ACTIVAR
ADAPT ADAPTED ADAPTED ADAPTAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SUMAR,AÑADIR
ADDRESS ADDRESSED ADDRESSED DIRIGIR
ADJUDGE ADJUDGED ADJUDGE JUZGAR
ADJUST ADJUSTED ADJUSTED AJUSTAR
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ADMINISTER ADMINISTERED ADMINISTERED ADMINISTRAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITTED ADMITTED ADMITIR
ADOPT ADOPTED ADOPTED ADOPTAR
ADORE ADORED ADORED ADORAR
ADORN ADORNED ADORNED ADORNAR
ADULATE ADULATED ADULATED ADULAR
ADULTERATE ADULTERATED ADULTERATED ADULTERAR
ADVERTISE ADVERTISED ADVERTISED ANUNCIAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSEJAR
AFFECT AFFECTED AFFECTED AFECTAR
AFFORD AFFORDED AFFORDED COSTEAR
AGGRAVATE AGGRAVATED AGGRAVATED AGRAVAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED ACORDAR
AIM AIMED AIMED APUNTAR
ALARM ALARMED ALARMED ALARMAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
ALLOY ALLOYED ALLOYED MEZCLAR
ALLUDE ALLUDED ALLUDED ALUDIR
ALTER ALTERED ALTERED ALTERAR
ALTERCATE ALTERCATED ALTERCATED ALTERCAR
ALTERNATE ALTERNATED ALTERNATED ALTERNAR
AMORTIZE AMORTIZED AMORTIZED AMORTIZAR
AMPUTATE AMPUTATED AMPUTATED AMPUTAR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED ENTRETENER
ANALYSE ANALYSED ANALYSED ANALIZAR
ANIMATE ANIMATED ANIMATED ANIMAR
ANNOUNCE ANNOUNCED ANNOUNCED ANUNCIAR
ANNOY ANNOYED ANNOYED FASTIDIAR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED CONSTESTAR
ANTECEDE ANTECEDED ANTECEDED ANTECEDER
ANTICIPATE ANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED ANTICIPAR
APOLOGIZE APOLOGIZED APOLOGIZED DISCULPARSE
APPALL APPALLED APPALLED ATERRAR
APPEAL APPEALED APPEALED APELAR
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
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APPLAUD APPLAUDED APPLAUDED APLAUDIR
APPLY APLIED APPLIED APLICAR
APPRAISE APPRAISED APPRAISED TASAR/VALORAR
APPRECIATE APPRECIATED APPRECIATED AGRADECER
APPROACH APPROACHED APPROACHED ACERCARSE
APPROVE APPROVED APPROVED APROBAR
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARM ARMED ARMED ARMARSE
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED ARRIBAR
ARRANGE ARRANGED ARRANGED ARREGLAR
ARREST ARRESTED ARRESTED ARRESTAR/DETENER
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED ARRIVAR/LLEGAR
ARTICULATE ARTICULATED ARTICULATED ARTICULAR
ASCEND ASCENDED ASCENDED ASCENDER
ASCRIBE ASCRIBED ASCRIBED ATRIBUIR
ASK ASKED ASKED PREGUNTAR
ASPIRE ASPIRED ASPIRED ASPIRAR
ASSAULT ASSAULTED ASSAULTED ASALTAR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED ASISTIR
ASSOCIATE ASSOCIATED ASSOCIATED ASOCIAR
ASSORT ASSORTED ASSORTED CLASIFICAR
ASSUME ASSUMED ASSUMED ASUMIR
ASSURE ASSURED ASSURED ASEGURAR
ASTONISH ASTONISHED ASTONISHED ASOMBRAR
ASTOUND ASTOUNDED ASTOUNDED ASOMBRAR
ATTACH ATTACHED ATTACHED PEGAR/ADHERIR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
ATTEMPT ATTEMPTED ATTEMPTED INTENTAR
ATTENUATE ATTENUATED ATTENUATED ATENUAR
ATTEST ATTESTED ATTESTED ATESTIGUAR
ATTRACT ATTRACTED ATTRACTED ATRAER
ATTRIBUTE ATTRIBUTED ATTRIBUTED ATRIBUIR
AUCTION AUCTIONED AUCTIONED SUBASTAR
AUGUR AUGURED AUGURED AUGURAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
AWAIT AWAITED AWAITED ESPERAR
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AWAKE AWOKE<(ED) AWOKE<(ED) DESPERTAR
AWARD AWARDED AWARDED PREMIAR
ABIDE ABODE/...D ABODE/...D SOPORTAR
ARISE AROSE ARISEN LEVANTARSE
B.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
BAKE BAKED BAKED HORNEAR
BABLE BABLED BABLED BALBUCEAR
BAIT BAITED BAITED CEBAR/AZUZAR
BALANCE BALANCED BALANCED NIVELAR
BANDAGE BANDAGED BANDAGED VENDAR
BANISH BANISHED BANISHED AHUYENTAR
BAPTIZE BAPTIZED BAPTIZED BAUTIZAR
BARE BARED BARED DESNUDAR
BARK BARKED BARKED LADRAR
BARGAIN BARGAINED BARGAINED REGATEAR
BASTE BASTED BASTED HILVANAR
BASTE BASTED BASTED PRINGAR
BATTLE BATTLED BATTLED BATALLAR
BAT BATTED BATTED BATEAR
BATTER BATTERED BATTERED GOLPEAR
BANISH BANISHED BANISHED DESTERRAR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED ROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTARSE
BEHEAD BEHEADED BEHEADED DECAPITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENECER
BEREAVE ...D BEREFT/.D PRIVAR DE
BESTREW BESTREWED BESTREWED ESPARCIR
BIKE BIKED BIKED ANDAR EN BICI
BICYCLE BICYCLED BICYCLED ANDAR EN BICI
BILK BILKED BILKED ESTAFAR
BILL BILLED BILLED FACTURA
BLAB BLABED BLABED DIVULGAR
BLAME BLAMED BLAMED CULPAR
BLAST BLASTED BLASTED EXPLOTAR
BLEACH BLEACHED BLEACHED BLANQUEAR
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BLEND BLENDED BLENDED MEZCLAR
BLESS BLESSED BLESSED BENDECIR
BLIND BLINDED BLINDED CEGAR
BLINK BLINKED BLINKED PARPADEAR
BLISTER BLISTERED BLISTERED AMPOLLAR
BLOCK BLOCKED BLOCKED BLOQUEAR
BLOOM BLOOMED BLOOMED FLORECER
BLOT BLOTTED BLOTTED MANCHAR
BLUFF BLUFFED BLUFFED ENGAÑAR
BOARD BOARDED BOARDED EMBARCAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED PEDIR PRESTADO
BOTHER BOTHERED BOTHERED MOLESTAR
BOTTLE BOTTLED BOTTLED EMBOTELLAR
BOUNCE BOUNCED BOUNCED REBOTAR
BOSS BOSSED BOSSED MANDAR
BRACE BRACED BRACED REFORZAR
BRAID BRAIDED BRAIDED TRENZAR
BRAKE BRAKED BRAKED FRENAR
BRIBE BRIBED BRIBED SOBORNAR
BROADCAST BROADCASTED BROADCASTED TRANSMITIR
BUCKLE BUCKLED BUCKLED ABROCHAR
BURN BURNT/BURNED BURNT/BURNED QUEMAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED CEPILLAR
BACKBITE BACKBIT BACKBITTEN MURMURAR
BACKSLIDE BACKSLID BACKSLID RECAER
BE WAS/WERE BEEN SER/ESTAR
BEAR BORE BORN NACER
BEAT BEAT BEATEN PALPITAR/DERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME CONVERTIRSE
BEFALL BEFELL BEFALLEN ACONTECER
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN EMPEZAR
BEHOLD BEHELD BEHELD CONTEMPLAR
BEND BENT BENT DOBLAR
BESEECH BESOUGHT BESOUGHT SUPLICAR
BESET BESET BESET ACOSAR A
BESPEAK BESPOKE BESPOKEN ENCARGAR A
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BESTRIDE BESTRODE BESTRIDDEN MONTAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATAR/AMARRAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER/PICAR
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPLAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED CRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURST BURST BURST ESTALLAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
C.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
CALIBRATE CALIBRATED CALIBRATED CALIBRAR
CALL CALLED CALLED LLAMAR
CALM CALMED CALMED CALMAR
CALUMNIATE CALUMNIATED CALUMNIATED CALUMNIAR
CAMOUFLAGE CAMOUFLAGED CAMOUFLAGED CAMUFLAR
CAMP CAMPED CAMPED ACAMPAR
HACER
CAMPAIGN CAMPAIGNED CAMPAIGNED
CAMPAÑA
CANALIZE CANALIZED CANALIZED CANALIZAR
CANCEL CANCELED CANCELED CANCELAR
CAN CANNED CANNED ENLATAR
CARRY CARRIED CARRIED CARGAR
HACER
CASH CASHED CASHED
EFECTIVO
CEASE CEASED CEASED CESAR
CELEBRATE CELEBRATED CELEBRATED CELEBRAR
CENTER CENTERED CENTERED CENTRAR
CERTIFY CERTIFIED CERTIFIED CERTIFICAR
CHAIN CHAINED CHAINED ENCADENAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED CAMBIAR
CHARGE CHARGED CHARGED CARGAR
CHASE CHASED CHASED PERSEGUIR
CHEAT CHEATED CHEATED HACER TRAMPA
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CHECK CHECKED CHECKED CHEQUEAR
CHOP CHOPPED CHOPPED TAJAR
CIRCLE CIRCLED CIRCLED GIRAR
CIRCULATE CIRCULATED CIRCULATED CIRCULAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLAP CLAPPED CLAPPED APLAUDIR
CLASS CLASSED CLASSED CLASIFICAR
CLASSIFY CLASSIFIED CLASSIFY CLASIFICAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPIAR
CLEAR CLEARED CLEARED ACLARAR
CLIMB CLIMBED CLIMBED TREPAR
CLOSE CLOSED CLOSED CERRAR
COMB COMBED COMBED PEINAR
COMBINE COMBINED COMBINED COMBINAR
COMMUNICATE COMMUNICATED COMMUNICATED COMUNICAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
COMPENSATE COMPENSATED COMPENSATED COMPENSAR
COMPLAIN COMPLAINED COMPLAINED QUEJARSE
COMPILE COMPILED COMPILED RECOPILAR
COMPLICATE COMPLICATED COMPLICATED COMPLICAR
COMPOSE COMPOSED COMPOSED COMPONER
COMPREHEND COMPREHENDED COMPREHENDED COMPRENDER
COMPRESS COMPRESSED COMPRESSED COMPRIMIR
COMPROMISE COMPROMISED COMPROMISED COMPROMETER
COMPUTERIZE COMPUTERIZAED COMPUTERIZED COMPUTARIZAR
COMPOUND COMPOUNDED COMPOUNDED COMBINAR
CONCEDE CONCEDED CONCEDED CONCEDER
CONCEIVE CONCEIVED CONCEIVED CONCEBIR
CONCENTRATE CONCENTRATED CONCENTRATED CONCENTRAR
CONCERN CONCERNED CONCERNED CONCERNIR
CONCILIATE CONCILIATED CONCILIATED CONCILIAR
CONCLUDE CONCLUDED CONCLUDED CONCLUIR
CONDEMN CONDEMNED CONDEMNED CONDENAR
CONDENSE CONDENSED CONDENSED CONDENSAR
CONFESS CONFESSED CONFESSED CONFESAR
CONFIRM CONFIRMED CONFIRMED CONFIRMAR
30
CONFRONT CONFRONTED CONFRONTED CONFRONTAR
CONFUSE CONFUSED CONFUSED CONFUNDIR
CONGEST CONGESTED CONGESTED CONGESTIONAR
CONGRATULATE ...D ...D FELICITAR
CONGREGATE CONGREGATED CONGREGATED CONGREGAR
CONNECT CONNECTED CONNECTED CONECTAR
CONQUER CONQUERED CONQUERED CONQUISTAR
CONSECRATE CONSECRATED CONSECRATED CONSAGRAR
CONSIDER CONSIDERED CONSIDERED CONSIDERAR
CONSIST CONSISTED CONSISTED CONSISTIR
CONSOLE CONSOLED CONSOLED CONSOLAR
CONSOLIDATE CONSOLIDATED CONSOLIDATED CONSOLIDAR
CONSPIRE CONSPIRED CONSPIRED CONSPIRAR
CONSTIPATE CONSTIPATED CONSTIPATED ESTREÑIR
CONSTITUTE CONSTITUTED CONSTITUTED CONSTITUIR
CONSTRUCT CONSTRUCT CONSTRUCTED CONSTRUIR
CONSULT CONSULT CONSULT CONSULTAR
CONSUME CONSUMED CONSUMED CONSUMIR
CONSUMMATE CONSUMMATED CONSUMMATED CONSUMAR
CONTACT CONTACTED CONTACTED CONTACTAR
CONTAIN CONTAINED CONTAINED CONTENER
CONTEMPLATE ...D ...D CONTEMPLAR
CONTAMINATE CONTAMINATED CONTAMINATED CONTAMINAR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
CONTRACT CONTRACTED CONTRACTED CONTRACTAR
CONTRADICT CONTRADICTED CONTRADICTED CONTRADECIR
CONTRAST CONTRASTED CONTRASTED CONTRASTAR
CONTRIBUTE CONTRIBUTED CONTRIBUTED CONTRIBUIR
CONTROL CONTROLLED CONTROLLED CONTROLAR
CONVINCE CONVINCED CONVINCED CONVENCER
CONVOKE CONVOKED CONVOKED CONVOCAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COCINAR
COOL COOLED COOLED ENFRIAR
CO-OPERATE CO-OPERATED CO-OPERATED COOPERAR
CO-ORDINATE CO-ORDINATED CO-ORDINATED COORDINAR
COPY COPIED COPIED COPIAR
31
CORRUPT CORRUPTED CORRUPTED CORROMPER
COUNT COUNTED COUNTED CONTAR
COUNTERFEIT ...ED ...ED FALSIFICAR
COUGH COUGHED COUGHED TOSER
CRASH CRASHED CRASHED ESTRELLARSE
CROWN CROWNED CROWNED CORONAR
CROW CROWED CROWED JACTARSE
CRY CRIED CRIED LLORAR
CUMULATE CUMULATED CUMULATED ACUMULAR
CURE CURED CURED CURAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT ATAJAR
CHIDE CHID CHID REPRENDER
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOGER
CLING CLUNG CLUNG TREPAR
COME CAME COME VENIR
COST COST COST COSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT GATEAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
D.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
DAMAGE DAMAGED DAMAGED DAÑAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED BAILAR
DAMP DAMPED DAMPED MOJAR
DARN DARNED DARNED REMENDAR
DATE DATED DATED FECHAR
DEBARK DEBARKED DEBARKED DESEMBARCAR
DEBATE DEBATED DEBATED DEBATIR
DEBUNK DEBUNKED DEBUNKED DESENMASCARAR
DECAPITATE DECAPITATED DECAPITATED DECAPITAR
DECAY DECAYED DECAYED DECAER
DECEASE DECEASED DECEASED FALLECER
DECEIVE DECEIVED DECEIVED ENGAÑAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DECLAIM DECLAIMED DECLAIMED DECLAMAR
DECOLLATE DECOLLATED DECOLLATED DEGOLLAR
DECREASE DECREASED DECREASED DISMINUIR
32
DECREE DECREED DECREED DECRETAR
DECRY DECRIED DECRIED DESACREDITAR
DEDICATE DEDICATED DEDICATED DEDICAR
DEDUCE DEDUCED DEDUCED DEDUCIR
DEDUCT DEDUCTED DEDUCTED SUSTRAER
DEFEAT DEFEATED DEFEATED DERROTAR
DEFLATE DEFLATED DEFLATED DESINFLAR
DEFORM DEFORMED DEFORMED DEFORMAR
DEFROST DEFROSTED DEFROSTED DESCONGELAR
DELETE DELETED DELETED TACHAR
DELIVER DELIVERED DELIVERED REPARTIR
DEMOLISH DEMOLISHED DEMOLISHED DEMOLER
DEPART DEPARTED DEPARTED PARTIR
DEPEND DEPENDED DEPEDED DEPENDER
DEPORT DEPORTED DEPORTED DEPORTAR
DEPRECIATE DEPRECIATED DEPRECIATED DEPRECIAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCRIBIR
DESIGN DESIGNED DESIGNED DISEÑAR
DESPISE DESPISED DESPISED DESPRECIAR
DESPOIL DESPOILED DESPOILED DESPOJAR
DESTROY DESTROYED DESTROYED DESTRUIR
DETACH DETACHED DETACHED DESPEGAR
DETONATE DETONATED DETONATED DETONAR
DEVALUATE DEVALUATED DEVALUATED DEVALUAR
DETECT DETECTED DETECTED DETECTAR
DEVELOP DEVELOPED DEVELOPED REVELAR/DESARROLLAR
DEVOTE DEVOTED DEVOTED DEDICAR
DIAL DIALED DIALED DISCAR
DIE DIED DIED MORIR
DIGEST DIGESTED DIGESTED DIGERIR
DILUTE DILUTED DILUTED DILUIR
DINE DINED DINED CENAR
DIRT DIRTED DIRTED ENSUCIAR
DISAGREE DISAGREED DISAGREED ESTAR EN DESACUERDO
DISAPPEAR DISAPPEAED DISAPPEARDED DESAPARECER
DISINFECT DISINFECTED DISINFECTED DESINFECTAR
33
DISLOCATE DISLOCATED DISLOCATED DISLOCAR
DISOBEY DISOBEYED DISOBEYED DESOBEDECER
DISSUADE DISSUADED DISSUADED DISUADIR
DISTRIBUTE DISTRIBUTED DISTRIBUTED DISTRIBUIR
DARE DARED DARED ATREVERSE
DEAL DEALT DEALT NEGOCIAR
DIVIDE DIVIDED DIVIDED DIVIDIR
DRAG DRAGGED DRAGGED DRAGAR
DROWN DROWNED DROWNED AHOGAR
DRAIN DRAINED DRAINED DRENAR
DRY DRIED DRIED SECAR
DIG DUG DUG EXCAVAR
DIVE DIVED DIVED BUCEAR
DO DID DONE HACER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DIBUJAR
DREAM DREAMT/ED DREAMT/ED SOÑAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBER
DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN MANEJAR
DWELL DWELT DWELT RESIDIR
DYE DYED DYED TEÑIR
E.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
EARN EARNED EARNED GANAR
EASE EASED EASED ALIVIAR
EJECT EJECTED EJECTED EXPULSAR
ELEVATE ELEVATED ELEVATED ELEVAR
EMANATE EMANATED EMANATED EMANAR
EMBARK EMBARKED EMBARKED EMBARCAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPLEAR
ENCASE ENCASED ENCASED ENCAJONAR
ENCLOSE ENCLOSED ENCLOSED INCLUIR/ANEXAR
ENCOURAGE ENCOURAGED ENCOURAGED ANIMAR
END ENDED ENDED FINALIZAR
ENDORSE ENDORSED ENDORSED ENDOSAR
ENLARGE ENLARGED ENLARGED AMPLIAR
ENTERTAIN ENTERTAINED ENTERTAINED ENTRETENER
34
ENVY ENVIED ENVIED ENVIDIAR
EQUIP EQUIPPED EQUIPPED EQUIPAR
ERASE ERASED ERASED BORRAR
ERECT ERECTED ERECTED ERIGIR
ESCORT ESCORTED ESCORTED ESCOLTAR
ESTABLISH ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED ESTABLECER
ESTIMATE ESTIMATED ESTIMATED ESTIMAR
EVACUATE EVACUATED EVACUATED EVACUAR
EVADE EVADED EVADED EVADIR
EVALUATE EVALUATED EVALUATED EVALUAR
EVICT EVICTED EVICTED DESAHUCIAR
EXAGGERATE EXAGGERATED EXAGGERATED EXAGERAR
EXALT EXALTED EXALTED EXALTAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCEED EXCEEDED EXCEEDED EXCEDER
EXCHANGE EXCHANGED EXCHANGED INTERCAMBIAR
EXCLUDE EXCLUDED EXCLUDED EXCLUIR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EJERCITAR
EXHORT EXHORTED EXHORTED EXHORTAR
EXHUME EXHUMED EXHUMED EXHUMAR
EXILE EXILED EXILED EXILAR
EXONERATE EXONERATED EXONERATED EXONERAR
EXPAND EXPANDED EXPANDED EXPANDIRSE
EXPECT EXPECTED EXPECTED ESPERAR
EXPEND EXPENDED EXPENDED GASTAR-DINERO
EXPORT EXPORTED EXPORTED EXPORTAR
EXPROPRIATE ...D ...D EXPROPIAR
EXTIRPATE EXTIRPATED EXTIRPATED EXTIRPAR
EXTRACT ECTRACTED EXTRACTED EXTRAER
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
F.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
FABRICATE FABRICATED FABRICATED FABRICAR
FACE FACED FACED ENFRENTAR
FADE FADED FADED DECOLORAR
FAIL FAILED FAILED FALLAR
35
FAINT FAINTED FAINTED DESMAYARSE
FAKE FAKED FAKED FINGIR
FALL (down) FELL FALLEN CAER(SE)
FAN FANNED FANNED ABANICAR
FILE FILED FILED ARCHIVAR
FILL FILLED FILLED LLENAR
FILM FILMED FILMED FILMAR
FINANCE FINANCED FINANCED FINANCIAR
FINE FINED FINED MULTAR
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED FINALIZAR
FIRE FIRED FIRED QUEMAR,DESPEDIR
FISH FISHED FISHED PESCAR
QUEDAR
FIT FIT FIT
BIEN(ROPA)
FIX FIXED FIXED FIJAR,REPARAR
FLINCH FLINCHED FLINCHED ACOBARDARSE
FLIP FLIPPED FLIPPED VOLTEAR ALGO
FLIRT FLIRTED FLIRTED COQUETEAR
FLOAT FLOATED FLOATED FLOTAR
FLOOD FLOODED FLOODED INUNDAR
FLOW FLOWED FLOWED FLUIR
FLUCTUATE FLUCTUATED FLUCTUATED FLUCTUAR
FLUNK FLUNKED FLUNKED REPROBAR
FLUTTER FLUTTERED FLUTTERED ALETEAR
FOLLOW FOLLOWED FOLLOWED SEGUIR
FREE FREED FREED LIBERAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FREIR
FRIGHT FRIGHTED FRIGHTED ASUSTAR
FROWN FROWNED FROWNED FRUNCIR EL CEÑO
FRUSTRATE FRUSTRATED FRUSTRATED FRUSTRAR
FURNISH FURNISHED FURNISHED AMOBLAR
FALL FELL FALLEN CAER
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT PELEAR
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
36
FLEE FLED FLED HUIR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOLAR
FORBEAR FORBORE FORBORN ABSTENERSE
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROHIBIR
FORECAST FORECASTED FORCASTED TRANSMITIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN OLVIDAR
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDONAR A
FORSAKE FORSOOH FORSAKEN RENUNCIAR
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN CONGELAR
FULFIL FULFILLED FULFILLED REALIZAR
G.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANAR(PESO)
GARGLE GARGLED GARGLED HACER GARGARAS
GATHER GATHERED GATHERED REUNIRSE
GEAR GEARED GEARED ENGRANAR
GENERATE GENERATED GENERATED GENERAR
GLANCE GLANCED GLANCED ECHAR UN VISTAZO
GLARE GLARED GLARED MIRAR FURIOSAMENTE
GLAZE GLAZED GLAZED PONER VIDRIOS
GLEAM GLEAMED GLEAMED BRILLAR,RELUCIR
GLIDE GLIDED GLIDED DESLIZARSE,RESBALAR
GLUE GLUED GLUED PEGAR,ENCOLAR
GLUT GLUTTED GLUTTED SACIAR,HARTAR
GNASH GNASHED GNASHED RECHINAR LOS DIENTES
GNAW GNAWED GNAWED ROER,CORROER,CONCOMER
GOSSIP GOSSIPED GOSSIPED CHARLAR,CONTAR CHISTES
GRAB GRABBED GRABBED AGARRAR,ASIR,ARREBATAR
GRAFT GRAFTED GRAFTED INGERTAR,SOBORNAR
GRATE GRATED GRATED RALLAR(queso)
GRAZE GRAZED GRAZED RASPARSE(la piel)
GREASE GREASED GREASED ENGRASAR
GREET GREETED GREETED SALUDAR
GRILL GRILLED GRILLED ASAR A LA PARRILLA
GRIPE GRIPED GRIPED TENER RETORTIJONES
GROAN GROANED GROANED GEMIR,CRUJIR
37
GROUP GROUPED GROUPED AGRUPAR
GROWL GROWLED GROWLED REFUNFUÑAR
GUARANTEE GUARANTEED GUARANTEED GARANTIZAR
GUESS GUESSED GUESSED ADIVINAR
GET GOT GOT/GOTTEN OBTENER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR,ENTREGAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GRINDED GRINDED MOLER
GROW GREW GROWN CRECER
H.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
HALT HALTED HALTED DETENER,PARAR
HAMMER HAMMERED HAMMERED MARTILLAR
HAND HANDED HANDED DAR,PASAR,ENTREGAR
HANDLE HANDLED HANDLED MANIPULAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED SUCEDER,PASAR
HARASS HARASSED HARASSED ACOSAR,HOSTIGAR
HAZE HAZED HAZED INTIMIDAR
HEAD HEADED HEADED DIRIGIR,IR
HEAT HEATED HEATED CALENTAR
HEDGE HEDGED HEDGED CERCAR
HELP HELPED HELPED AYUDAR
HESITATE HESITATED HESITATED TITUBEAR, VACILAR
HIJACK HIJACKED HIJACKED SECUESTRAR(AVION)
HIKE HIKED HIKED CAMINAR(MONTAÑA)
HINT HINTED HINTED INSINUAR
HIRE HIRED HIRED CONTRATAR
HITCHHIKE HITCHHIKED HITCHHIKED PEDIR COLA
HOOK HOOKED HOOKED ENGANCHAR
HUG HUGGED HUGGED ABRAZAR,ESTRECHAR
HUSH HUSHED HUSHED HACER CALLAR
HAMSTRING HAMSTRUNG/ED HAMSTRUNG/ED INUTILIZAR
HANG HUNG/ED HUNG/ED COLGAR
HAVE HAD HAD TENER/HABER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OIR
HEAVE HOVE/ED HOVE/ED IZAR/LEVANTAR
38
HIDE HID HIDDEN OCULTAR/ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT GOLPEAR
HOLD HELD HELD AGUANTAR/TENER
HURT HURT HURT HERIR/PERJUDICAR
I.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
IDLE IDLED IDLED PERDER EL TIEMPO
ILLUMINATE ILLUMINATED ILLUMINATED ILUMINAR
ILLUSTRATE ILLUSTRATED ILLUSTRATED ILUSTRAR
IMAGINE IMAGINED IMAGINED IMAGINAR
IMITATE IMITATED IMITATED IMITAR
IMMIGRATE IMMIGRATED IMMIGRATED IMIGRAR
IMMUNIZE IMMUNIZED IMMUNIZED INMUNIZAR
IMPART IMPARTED IMPARTED IMPARTIR
IMPLANT IMPLANTED IMPLANTED IMPLANTAR/FIJAR
IMPLICATE IMPLICATED IMPLICATED IMPLICAR
IMPLY IMPLIED IMPLIED IMPLICAR
IMPORT IMPORTED IMPORTED IMPORTAR
IMPOSE IMPOSED IMPOSED IMPONER
IMPOUND IMPOUNDED IMPOUNDED CONFISCAR
IMPRECATE IMPRECATED IMPRECATED MALDECIR
IMPRESS IMPRESSED IMPRESSED IMPRESIONAR
IMPUTE IMPUTED IMPUTED IMPUTAR
INCINERATE INCINERATED INCINERATED INCINERAR
INCITE INCITED INCITED INCITAR
INCLINE INCLINED INCLINED INCLINAR
INCUBATE INCUBATED INCUBATED INCUBAR
INCULCATE INCULCATED INCULCATED INCULCAR
INCUR INCURRED INCURRED INCURRIR
INDICATE INDICATED INDICATED INDICAR
INFECT INFECTED INFECTED INFECTAR
INFEST INFESTED INFESTED INFESTAR
INFILTRATE INFILTRATED INFILTRATED INFILTRARSE
INFLATE INFLATED INFLATED INFLAR
INFORM INFORMED INFORMED INFORMAR
INFRINGE INFRINGED INFRINGED INFRINGIR
39
INGEST INGESTED INGESTED INGERIR
INHALE INHALED INHALED INHALAR
INQUIRE INQUIRED INQUIRED INDAGAR
INSPECT INSPECTED INSPECTED INSPECCIONAR
INSPIRE INSPIRED INSPIRED INSPIRAR
INSTALL INSTALLED INSTALLED INSTALAR
INSTIGATE INSTIGATED INSTIGATED INSTIGAR
INSTITUTE INSTITUTED INSTITUTED INSTITUIR
INSTRUCT INSTRUCTED INSTRUCTED INSTRUIR
INTRODUCE INTRODUCED INTRODUCED INTRODUCIR
INTERFERE INTERFERED INTERFERED INTERFERIR
INTERN INTERNED INTERNED INTERNAR
INTERPELLATE ...D ...D INTERPELAR
INTERCEPT INTERCEPTED INTERCEPTED INTERCEPTAR
INTERRUPT INTERRUPTED INTERRUPTED INTERRUMPIR
INTERVENE INTERVENED INTERVENED INTERVENIR
INTERVIEW INTERVIEWED INTERVIEWED ENTREVISTAR
INTIMIDATE INTIMIDATED INTIMIDATED INTIMIDAR
INTRIGUE INTRIGUED INTRIGUED INTRIGAR
INTRODUCE INTRODUCED INTRODUCED INTRODUCIR
INVADE INVADED INVADED INVADIR
INVENT INVENTED INVENTED INVENTAR
INVEST INVESTED INVESTED INVERTIR
INVITE INVITED INVITED INVITAR
INVOICE INVOICED INVOICED FACTURAR
IRON IRONNED IRONNED PLANCHAR
IRRADIATE IRRADIATED IRRADIATED IRRADIAR
ISSUE ISSUED ISSUED EMITIR
ITCH ITCHED ITCHED PICAR(el cuerpo)
J.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
GOLPEAR
JAB JABBED JABBED
(codos)
JAIL JAILED JAILED ENCARCELAR
JOKE JOKED JOKED BROMEAR
JUMP JUMPED JUMPED SALTAR
40
K.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
KICK KICKED KICKED PATEAR
KIDNAP KIDNAPPED KIDNAPPED SECUESTRAR (per)
KID KIDDED KIDDED BROMEAR/ENGAÑAR
KILL KILLED KILLED MATAR/ANIQUILAR
KISS KISSED KISSED BESAR
KNEAD KNEADED KNEADED AMASAR (harina)
KNEE(1) KNEED KNEED ARRODILLARSE
KNEE(2) KNEED KNEED DAR UN RODILLAZO
KEEP KEPT KEPT MANTENER/DEJAR
KNOCK KNOCKED KNOCKED TOCAR(puerta)
KNEEL KNELT KNELT ARRODILLARSE
KNOW KNEW KNOWN SABER/CONOCER
L.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
LACK LACKED LACKED CARECER
LAG LAGGED LAGGED REZAGARSE
LAM LAMMED LAMMED DAR UNA PALIZA A
LAST LASTED LASTED DURAR (tiempo)
LAUGH LAUGHED LAUGHED REIR A CARCAJADAS
LAUNCH LAUNCHED LAUNCHED LANZAR
LEAK LEAKED LEAKED GOTEAR
LEARN LEARNED LEARNED APRENDER
LEASE LEASED LEASED ARRENDAR
LEGISLATE LEGISLATED LEGISLATED LEGISLAR
LIFT LIFTED LIFTED LEVANTAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED QUERER/GUSTAR
LIMIT LIMITED LIMITED LIMITAR
LIMP LIMPED LIMPED COJEAR
LIST LISTED LISTED LISTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OIR/ESCUCHAR
LITTER LITTERED LITTERED ENSUCIAR(BASURA)
LIVE LIVED LIVED VIVIR
LOAD LOADED LOADED CARGAR
LOCK LOCKED LOCKED CERRAR CON LLAVE
LODGE LODGED LODGED ALOJARSE
41
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED MIRAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
LOW LOWED LOWED BAJAR (algo)
LAY LAID LAID POSAR/DEJAR(ALGO)
LEAD LED LED DIRIGIR
LEAN LEANT/ED LEANT/ED INCLINARSE
LEAP LEAPT/ED LEAPT/ED SALTAR
LEAVE LEFT LEAFT SALIR/DEJAR(lugar)
LEND LENT LENT PRESTAR
LET LET LET PERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN RECOSTARSE
LIE LIED LAID MENTIR
LIHGT LIT LIT PRENDER/ENCENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
M.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
MAIL MAILED MAILED ENVIAR POR CORREO
MAINTAIN MAINTAINED MAINTAINED MANTENER
MANAGE MANAGED MANAGED DIRIGIR
MANGLE MANGLED MANGLED DESFIGURAR/MUTILAR
MARK MARKED MARKED MARCAR/SEÑALAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASARSE/UNIRSE
MASSAGE MASSAGED MASSAGED DAR MASAJE
MATCH MATCHED MATCHED COMBINAR
MEASURE MEASURED MEASURED MEDIR
MEDDLE MEDDLED MEDDLED ENTROMETERSE
MELT MELTED MELTED DERRETIR/FUNDIR
MEND MENDED MENDED REMENDAR / ZURCIR
MENTION MENTIONED MENTIONED MENCIONAR
MESS MESSED MESSED DESORDENAR
MINCE MINCED MINCED DESMENUZAR
MIND MINDED MINDED IMPORTAR(importancia)
MINGLE MINGLED MINGLED MEZCLARSE CON
MINT MINTED MINTED ACUÑAR(MONEDA)
MISMANAGE MISMANGED MISMANAGED MAL ADMINISTRAR
MISS MISSED MISSED EXTRAÑAR
42
MISS MISSED MISSEED ERRAR/FALLAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER (tren, cole)
MISTRUST MISTRUSTED MISTRUSTED DESCONFIAR
MISUNDERSTAN D ...STOOD ...STOOD MAL ENTERDER
MIX MIXED MIXED MEZCLAR
MODERN MODERNED MODERNED MODERNIZAR
MOTIVATE MOTIVATED MOTIVATED MOTIVAR
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVER
MURDER MURDERED MURDERED ASESINAR
MURMUR MURMURED MURMURED MURMURAR
MAKE MADE MADE HACER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET CONOCER
MISDEAL MISDEALT MISDEALT DAR MAL(cartas)
MISTAKE MISTOOK MISTAKEN ERRAR/EQUIVOCAR
MISPLACE MISPLACED MISPLACED COLOCAR MAL
MOW MOWED MOWN SEGAR/CORTAR
N.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
NAIL NAILED NAILED CLAVAR
NAME NAMED NAMED NOMBRAR
NARRATE NARRATED NARRATED NARRAR
NEED NEEEDED NEEDED NECESITAR
NEGATE NEGATED NEGATED NEGAR
NEGLECT NEGLECTED NEGLECTED DESCUIDAR
NEGOTIATE NEGOTIATED NEGOTIATED NEGOCIAR
NEST NESTED NESTED ANIDAR
NIGGLE NIGGLED NIGGLED PERDER EL TIEMPO
NOD NODDED NODDED DECIR SI CON LA CABEZA
43
O.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBJECT OBJECTED OBJECTED OBJETAR
OBLIGATE OBLIGATED OBLIGATED OBLIGAR
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OBTAIN OBTAINED OBTAINED OBTENER
OBVIATE OBVIATED OBVIATED OBVIAR
OBSESS OBSESSED OBSESSED OBSESIONAR
OBSTRUCT OBSTRUCTED OBSTRUCTED OBSTRUIR
OCCUPY OCCUPIED OCCUPIED OCUPAR
OCCUR OCCURED OCCURED OCURRIR
OFFEND OFFENDED OFFENDED OFENDER
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFRECER
OPINE OPINED OPINED OPINAR
ORDER ORDERED ORDERED ORDENAR/PEDIR
OUTRAGE OUTRAGED OUTRAGED ATROPELLAR
OVEREAT OVERATE OVEREATTEN HARTARSE
OWE OWED OWED DEBER(DINERO/ALGO)
OWN OWNED OWNED POSEER(SOMETHING)
P.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
PACK PACKED PACKED EMPACAR
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PALE PALED PALED PALIDECER
PALL PALLED PALLED PERDER SU ENCANTO
PAMPER PAMPERED PAMPERED MIMAR/CONSENTIR
PANIC PANICED PANICED ATERRAR
PAT PATTED PATTED ACARICIAR (ANIMAL)
PARACHUTE ...ED ...ED LANZARSE(PARACAIDAS)
PARDON PARDONED PARDONED PERDONAR
PARE PARED PARED PELAR (FRUTAS)
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
PARRY PARRIED PARRIED PARAR (GOLPE)
PARTICIPATE ...D ...D PARTICIPAR
PATCH PATCHED PATCHED REMENDAR
PAUSE PAUSED PAUSED PAUSAR
44
PAVE PAVED PAVED PAVIMENTAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PECK PECKED PECKED PICOTEAR
PAWWN PAWNED PAWNED EMPEÑAR (OBJETO)
PEDAL PEDALED PADALED PEDALEAR
PEE PEED PEED ORINAR
PEEL PEELED PEELED PELAR
PEEVE PEEVED PEEVED IRRITAR
PERFORM PERFORMED PERFORMED REALIZAR/ACTUAR
PERFUME PERFUMED PERFUMED PERFUMAR
PERSUADE PERSUADED PERSUADED PERSUADIR
PERVERT PERVERTED PERVERTED PERVERTIR
PHONE PHONED PHONED LLAMAR POR TEL
PHOTOCOPY PHOTOCOPIED PHOTOCOPIED FOTOCOPIAR
PICK PICKED PICKED ESCOGER
PICKLE PICKLED PICKLED ESCABECHAR/ENCURTIR
PICTURE PICTURED PICTURED IMAGINAR/PINTAR
PILE PILED PILED AMONTONAR/APILAR
PILOT PILOTED PILOTED PILOTEAR
PINCH PINCHED PINCHED PELLIZCAR/PINCHAR
PITCH PITCHED PITCHED LANZAR/TIRAR
PISS PISSED PISSED ORINAR/MEAR
PLACE PLACED PLACED COLOCAR
PLAN PLANNED PLANNED PLANEAR
PLANE PLANED PLANED PLANEAR EN UN AVION
PLANT PLANTED PLANTED PLANTAR (PLANTA)
PLASH PLASHED PLASHED CHAPOTEAR
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED JUGAR/TOCAR(PIANO)
PLEAD PLEADED PLEADED DECLARAR (DERECHO)
PLEASE PLEASED PLEASED COMPLACER
POISON POISINED POISONED ENVENENAR
POLISH POLISHED POLISHED SACAR BRILLO
POLLUTE POLLUTED POLLUTED CONTAMINAR
PLOT PLOTTED PLOTTED TRAMAR
PLUCK PLUCKED PLUCKED DESPLUMAR
PLUG PLUGGED PLUGGED TAPONEAR
45
PLUG IN ,, IN ,, IN ENCHUFAR
PLUNDER PLUNDERED PLUNDERED SAQUEAR
POISON POISONED POISONED ENVENENAR
POLISH POLISHED POLISHED SACAR BRILLO
POLLUTE POLLUTED POLLUTED CONTAMINAR
POSE POSED POSED POSAR
POSSESS POSSESSED POSSESSED POSEER
POUR POURED POURED VERTIR/ECHAR
POST POSTED POSTED ANUNCIAR/ENVIAR
PRAISE PRAISED PRAISED ELOGIAR/ALABAR
PRAY PRAYED PRAYED REZAR/SUPLICAR
PRECEDE PRECEDED PRECEDED PRECEDER
PREDICT PREDICTED PREDICTED PREDECIR
PREFACE PREFACED PREFACED PONER UN PROLOGO
PREFER PREFERED PREFERED PREFERIR
PREHEAT PREHEATED PREHEATED RECALENTAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
PREPAY PREPAID PREPAID PAGAR ADELANTADO
PRESAGE PRESAGED PRESAGED PRESAGIAR
PRESCRIBE PRESCRIBED PRESCRIBED PRESCRIBIR
PRESIDE PRESIDED PRESIDED PRESIDIR
PRESS PRESSED PRESSED APRETAR
PRETEND PRETENDED PRETENDED PRETENDER
PREVAIL PREVAILED PREVAILED PREVALECER
PREVENT PREVENTED PREVENTED PREVENIR
PROCEED PROCEEDED PROCEEDED PROSEGUIR
PROCESS PROCESSED PROCESSED PROCESAR
PROCRASTINATE ...D ...D DILATAR
PROCREATE PROCREATED PROCREATED PROCREAR
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUCIR
PROFANE PROFANED PROFANED PROFANAR
PROHIBIT PROHIBITED PROHIBITED PROHIBIR
PROGRESS PROGRESSED PROGRESSED PROGRESAR
PROJECT PROJECTED PROJECTED PROYECTAR
PROLONG PROLONGED PROLONGED PROLONGAR
PROMENADE PROMENADED PROMENADED PASEAR
46
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROMOTE PROMOTED PROMOTED ASCENDER DE
PROMULGATE PROMULGATED PROMULGATED PROMULGAR
PRONOUNCE PRONOUNCED PRONOUNCED PRONUNCIAR
PROPAGATE PROPAGATED PROPAGATED PROPAGAR
PROPOSE PROPOSED PROPOSED PROPONER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PROTEST PROTESTED PROTESTED PROTESTAR
PROVE PROVED PROVED COMPROBAR
PROVIDE PROVIDED PROVIDED SUMINISTRAR
PROWL PROWLED PROWLED RONDAR
PRY PRIED PRIED CURIOSAR
PULL PULLED PULLED HALAR
PULSE PULSED PULSED PULSAR
PUMP PUMPED PUMPED BOMBEAR
PUNCH PUNCHED PUNCHED DAR PUÑETAZOS
PUNCTUATE ...ED ...ED PUNTUALIZAR
PURCHASE PURCHASED PURCHASED COMPRAR
PUSH PUSHED PUSHED EMPUJAR
PUZZLE PUZZLED PUZZLED DEJAR PERPLEJO
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT PONER
Q.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
QUAIL QUAILED QUAILED ACOBARDARSE
QUAKE QUAKED QUAKED TEMBLAR
QUALIFY QUALIFIED QUALIFIED CALIFICAR
QUARREL QUARRELED QUARRELED REÑIR/DISPUTAR
QUESTION QUESTIONED QUESTIONED INTERROGAR
QUOTE QUOTED QUOTED CITAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT DESISTIR
R.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
RACE RACED RACED COMPETIR
RADIO RADIOED RADIOED RADIAR
RAFFLE RAFFLED RAFFLED RIFAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED LLOVER
47
RAISE RAISED RAISED LEVANTAR
RAPE RAPED RAPED VIOLAR
RATE RATED RATED ESTIMAR
REACH REACHED REACHED ALCANZAR
REACT REACTED REACTED REACCIONAR
REALIZE REALIZED REALIZED DARSE CUENTA DE
REAP REAPED REAPED COSECHAR
REAPPLY REAPPLIED REAPPLIED VOLVER A APLICAR
RECALL RECALLED RECALLED RECORDAR
RECLINE RECLINED RECLINED RECLINARSE
RECOGNIZE RECOGNIZED RECOGNIZED RECONOCER
RECOMMEND RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED RECOMENDAR
RECOMPENSE RECOMPENSED RECOMPENSED RECOMPENSAR
RECONCILE RECONCILED RECONCILED RECONCILIAR
RECONSIDER RECONSIDERED RECONSIDERED RECONSIDERAR
RECONSTITUTE ...D ...D RECONSTITUIR
RECONSTRUCT ...ED ...ED RECONSTRUIR
RECORD RECORDED RECORDED GRABAR
RECOUNT RECOUNTED RECOUNTED RECONTAR
RECOVER RECOVERED RECOVERED RECOBRARSE
RECREATE RECREATED RECREATED RECREARSE
RECRIMINATE ...D ...D RECRIMINAR
RECRUIT RECRUITED RECRUITED RECLUTAR
RECTIFY RECTIFIED RECTIFIED RECTIFICAR
RECUPERATE RECUPERATED RECUPERATED RECUPERAR
RECYCLE RECYCLED RECYCLED RECICLAR
REDOUBLE REDOUBLED REDOUBLED REDOBLAR
REDUCE REDUCED REDUCED REDUCIR
REELECT REELECTED REELECTED REELEGIR
REFILL REFILLED REFILLED LLENAR DE NUEVO
REFINANCE REFINANCED REFINANCED REFINANCIAR
REFINE REFINED REFINED REFINAR
REFORM REFORMED REFORMED REFORMAR
REFRESH REFRESHED REFRESHED REFRESCARSE
REFRIGERATE ...ED .....ED REFRIGERAR
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED REHUSAR
48
REGARD REGARDED REGARDED CONSIDERAR
REGISTER REGISTERED REGISTERED INSCRIBIRSE
REGRET REGRETTED REGRETTED ARREPENTIRSE
REGULATE REGULATED REGULATED REGULAR
REHABILITATE ...ED .....ED REHABILITAR
REHASH REHASHED REHASHED FUNDIR DE NUEVO
REHEARSE REHEARSED REHEARSED ENSAYAR
REJECT REJECTED REJECTED REHUSAR
RELATE RELATED RELATED RELACIONAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAJARSE
RELEASE RELEASED RELEASED SOLTAR/LIBERAR
RELIEVE RELIEVED RELIEVED ALIVIAR
RELOAD RELOADED RELOADED RECARGAR
REMAIN REMAINED REMAINED PERMANECER
REMEMBER REMEMBERED REMEMBERED RECORDAR
REMIND REMINDED REMINDED RECORDAR A
RENEW RENEWED RENEWED RENOVAR
RENOUNCE RENOUNCED RENOUNCED RENUNCIAR
RENOVATE RENOVATED RENOVATED RENOVAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALQUILAR
REPAIR REPAIRED REPAIRED REPARAR
REPEAL REPEALED REPEALED REVOCAR/ABOLIR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPEL REPELLED REPELLED RECHAZAR/REPELER
REPLACE REPLACED REPLACED REEMPLAZAR
REPORT REPORTED REPORTED REPORTAR
REPRESENT REPRESENTED REPRESENTED REPRESENTAR
REPRESS REPRESSED REPRESSED REPRIMIR
REPRODUCE REPRODUCED REPRODUCED REPRODUCIR
REPUDIATE REPUDIATED REPUDIATED REPUDIAR
REQUEST REQUESTED REQUESTED SOLICITAR
REQUIRE REQUIRED REQUIRED REQUERIR
RESIGN RESIGNED RESIGNED RENUNCIAR
RESIST RESISTED RESISTED RESISTIR
RESOLVE RESOLVED RESOLVED RESOLVER
RESPECT RESPECTED RESPECTED RESPETAR
49
RESPOND RESPONDED RESPONDED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
RESTRICT RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRINGIR
RESUME RESUMED RESUMED RESUMIR
RESUSCITATE ....D ...D RESUCITAR
RETAIL RETAILED RETAILED VENDER(MENOR)
RETAIN RETAINED RETAINED RETENER
RETIRE RETIRED RETIRED JUBILARSE
RETRACT RETRACTED RETRACTED RETRACTAR
RETREAT RETREATED RETREATED RETIRARSE
RETRIEVE RETRIEVED RETRIEVED RECUPERAR
RETURN RETURNED RETURNED REGRESAR
REVEAL REVEALED REVEALED REVELAR
REVENGE REVENGED REVENGED VENGARSE
REVIEW REVIEWED REVIEWED REVISAR
REVILE REVILED REVILED INJURIAR
REVISE REVISED REVISED REVISAR
REVOKE REVOKED REVOKED REVOCAR
REVOLT REVOLTED REVOLTED REBELARSE
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED PREMIAR
RHYME RHYMED RHYMED RIMAR
RINSE RINSED RINSED ENJUAGAR
RIPE RIPED RIPED MADURAR
ROAR ROARED ROARED RUGIR
ROAST ROASTED ROASTED ASAR
ROLL ROLLED ROLLED RODAR
ROOF ROOFED ROOFED TECHAR
ROW ROWED ROWED REMAR
RUIN RUINED RUINED ARRUINAR
RULE RULED RULED GOBERNAR/MANDAR
RUSH RUSHED RUSHED APRESURARSE
RUST RUSTED RUSTED OXIDARSE
READ READ READ LEER
RIDE RODE RIDDEN ANDAR EN BICI
RING RANG RUNG TIMBRAR
RISE ROSE RISSEN LEVANTAR
50
RIVE RIVED RIVEN RAJAR/HENDER
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
S.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
SADDLE SADDLED SADLLED ENSILLAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED SALVAR
SCAN SCANNED SCANNED EXPLORAR
SCHEDULE SCHEDULED SCHEDULED PROGRAMAR
SCORN SCORNED SCORNED DESPRECIAR
SCRABBLE SCRABBLED SCRABBLED HACER GARABATOS
SCRAPE SCRAPED SCRAPED RASGUÑAR
SCREAM SCREAMED SCREAMED GRITAR
SCRAPE SCRAPPED SCRAPPED RASPARSE/RAER
SCRATCH SCRATCHED SCRATCHED ARAÑAR/RASPAR
SCREW SCREWED SCREWED ATORNILLAR
SEAL SEALED SEALED SELLAR
SEAT SEATED SEATED SENTARSE
SECLUDE SECLUDED SECLUDED RECLUIR/AISLAR
SEDUCE SEDUCED SEDUCED SEDUCIR
SEED SEEDED SEEDED GRANAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SEEP SEEPED SEEPED FILTRARSE
SEGREGATE ...D ...D SEGREGAR
SEIZE ...D ...D AGARRAR
SELECT SELECTED SELECTED SELECCIONAR
SENSITIZE ...D ...D SENSIBILIZAR
SENTENCE SENTENCED SENTENCED SENTENCIAR
SEPARATE ...D ...D SEPARAR
SERVE SERVED SERVED SERVIR
SETTLE SETTLED SETTLED ESTABLECERSE
SHAPE SHAPED SHAPED MODELAR/IDEAR
SHARE SHARED SHARED COMPARTIR/PARTIR
SHARPEN SHARPENED SHARPENED AFILAR/AGUZAR
SHATTER SHATTERED SHATTERED HACER AÑICOS
SHEET SHEETED SHEETED CUBRIR CON SABANA
SHELTER SHELTERED SHELTERED OCULTARSE
51
SHELVE SHELVED SHELVED ARRINCONAR
SHIELD SHIELDED SHIELDED ESCONDER/AMPARAR
SHIFT SHIFTED SHIFTED TRANSFERIR/CAMBIAR
SHINE SHINED SHINED BRILLAR/RELUCIR
SHIP SHIPPED SHIPPED EMBARCAR
SHIVER SHIVERED SHIVED TEMBLAR(FRIO)
SHOCK SHOCKED SHOCKED SOBRESALTAR
SHOUT SHOUTED SHOUTED GRITAR
SHOVE SHOVED SHOVED EMPUJAR
SHOVEL SHOVELLED SHOVELLED PALEAR CON PALA
SHOW SHOWED SHOWED MOSTRAR/ENSEÑAR
SHRUG SHRUGGED SHRUGGED ENCOGERSE DE HOMBROS
SHUFFLE SHUFFLED SHUFFLED BARAJAR/MEZCLAR
SIGH SIGHED SIGHED SUSPIRAR
SIGN SIGNED SIGNED FIRMAR
SIGNAL SIGNALED SIGNALED HACER UNA SEÑAL
SIN SINNED SINNED PECAR
SITE SITED SITED LOCALIZAR/SITUAR
SKATE SKATED SKATED PATINAR
SKECTH SKECTHED SKECTHED ESBOZAR(BOSQUEJO)
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SKID SKIDDED SKIDDED PATINAR
SKIM SKIMMED SKIMMED DESCREMAR
SKIMP SKIMPED SKIMPED ESCATIMAR
SKIN SKINNED SKINNED PELAR/DESPELLEJAR
SKIP SKIPPED SKIPPED OMITIR/SALTAR
SLAM SLAMMED SLAMMED TIRAR, GOLPEAR PUERTA
SLAP SLAPPED SLAPPED ABOFETEAR
SLASH SLASHED SLASHED ACUCHILLAR
SLIP SLIPPED SLIPPED RESBALAR
SLOUCH SLOUCHED SLOUCHED IR CABIZBAJO
SLOW DOWN SLOWED SLOWED IR DESPACIO
SMASH SMASHED SMASHED APORREAR/TRITURAR
SMUGGLE SMUGGLED SMUGGLED CONTRABANDEAR
SNAP SNAPPED SNAPPED SONAR(DEDOS)CERRAR
SNEAK SNEAKED SNEAKED ANDAR SIGILOSAMENTE
52
SNEEZE SNEEZED SNEEZED ESTORNUDAR
SNIFF SNIFFED SNIFFED OLFATEAR
SNIVEL SNIVELLED SNIVELLED LLORIQUEAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
SOLDER SOLDERED SOLDERED SOLDAR
SOLVE SOLVED SOLVED RESOLVER
SOUND SOUNDED SOUNDED SONAR
SOUSE SOUSED SOUSED ESCABECHAR
SPANK SPANKED SPANKED DAR NALGADAS(AZOTE)
SPARK SPARKED SPARKED ECHAR CHISPA
SPAY SPAYED SPAYED CASTRAR(HEMBRA)
SPECULATE ...D ...D ESPECULAR
SPICE SPICED SPICED CONDIMENTAR/SAZONAR
SPIRT SPIRTED SPIRTED SALIR A CHORROS
SPITE SPITED SPITED IRRITAR
SPLASH SPLASHED SPLASHED SALPICAR(LIQUIDO)
SPLICE SPLICED SPLICED EMPALMAR/UNIR
SPRAIN SPRAINED SPRAINED TORCERSE
SPRAWL SPRAWLED SPRAWLED ESTIRAR BRAZOS
SPRAY SPRAYED SPRAYED ROCIAR
SPRINKLE SPRINKLED SPRINKLED ESPARCIR/ROCIAR
SPROUT SPROUTED SPROUTED RETOÑAR/GERMINAR
SPUR SPURED SPURED PONER ESPUELAS
SPURN SPURNED SPURNED MENOSPRECIAR
SPY SPIED SPIED ESPIAR
SQUARE SQUARED SQUARED CUADRAR/AJUSTAR
SQUEEZE SQUEEZED SQUEEZED EXPRIMIR
SQUIRM SQUIRMED SQUIRMED RETORCERSE
SQUIRT SQUIRTED SQUIRTED SALIR A CHORROS
STABILIZE STABILIZED STABILIZED ESTABILIZAR
STACK STACKED STACKED APILAR/AMONTONAR
STAFF STAFFED STAFFED DOTAR DE PERSONAL
STAGE STAGED STAGED PONER EN ESCENA
STAIN STAINED STAINED MANCHAR/TEÑIR
STAMP STAMPED STAMPED PONER ESTAMPILLA
STARCH STARCHED STARCHED ALMIDONAR
53
STARE AT STARED STARED MIRAR FIJAMENTE
START STARTED STARTED EMPEZAR/COMENZAR
STARVE STARVED STARVED MORIR DE HAMBRE
STATE STATED STATED DECLARAR/EXPRESAR
STATION STATIONED STATIONED SITUAR/COLOCAR
STAY STAYED STAYED QUEDARSE
STEAM STEAMED STEAMED HUMEAR VAPOR
STEEP STEEPED STEEPED REMOJAR
STEW STEWED STEWED ESTOFAR/GUISAR
STITCH STITCHED STITCHED COSER(DE SUTURA)
STONE STONED STONED EMPEDRAR/APEDREAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR/DETENER
STORAGE STORAGED STORAGED ALMACENAR
STRAIN STRAINED STRAINED TENSAR/ESTIRAR
STRANGLE STRANGLED STRANGLED ESTRANGULAR
STRUGGLE STRUGGLED STRUGGLED LUCHAR/ESFORZARSE
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDIAR
SUBDUE SUBDUED SUBDUED DOMINAR/VENCER
SUBLEASE SUBLEASED SUBLEASED SUBARRENDAR
SUBLIMATE SUBLIMATED SUBLIMATED SUBLIMAR
SUBMERGE SUBMERGED SUBMERGED SUMERGIRSE
SUBORN SUBORNED SUBORNED SOBORNAR
SUBSCRIBE SUBSCRIBED SUBSCRIBED SUSCRIBIR
SUBSIDIZE ...D ...D SUBSIDIAR
SUBSTITUTE ...D ...D SUSTITUIR
SUBTRACT SUBTRACTED SUBTRACTED SUSTRER
SUCCEED SUCCEEDED SUCCEEDED TENER ÉXITO
SUCK SUCKED SUCKED CHUPAR/MAMAR
SUE SUED SUED DEMANDAR
SUFFER SUFFERED SUFFERED SUFRIR
SUFFOCATE ...D ...D ASFIXIARSE
SUGGEST ...ED ...ED SUGERIR / PROPONER
SUIT SUITED SUITED SATISFACER/CONVENIR
SUPERVISE SUPERVISED SUPERVISED SUPERVISAR
SUPPLANT SUPPLANTED SUPPLANTED SUPLANTAR
SUPLLY SUPPLIED SUPPLIED SUPLIR/SUMINISTRAR
54
SUPPORT SUPPORTED SUPPORTED APOYAR/SOSTENER
SUPPOSE SUPPOSED SUPPOSED SUPONER
SUPPRESS SUPPRESSED SUPPRESSED SUPRIMIR
SURNAME SURNAMED SURNAMED APELLIDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SORPRENDER
SURRENDERE
SURRENDER SURRENDERED RENDIRSE
D
SURROUND SURROUNDED SURROUNDED RODEAR
SURVIVE SURVIVED SURVIVED SOBREVIVIR
SUSPECT SUSPECTED SUSPECTED SOSPECHAR
SUSTAIN SUSTAINED SUSTAINED SOSTENER
SWALLOW SWALLOWED SWALLOWED TRAGAR/DEGLUTIR
SWAP SWAPPED SWAPPED INTERCAMBIAR
SWARM SWARMED SWARMED TREPAR(POR)
SWASH SWASHED SWASHED CHAPOTEAR
SWEAT SWEATED SWEATED SUDAR
SAW SAWED SAWED/SAWN ASERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DECIR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT BUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SET SET SET COLOCAR/PONER
SEW SEWED SEWED COSER
SEW UP SEWED UP SEWED UP ZURCIR/REMENDAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATIR/SACUDIR
SHAKE
,, HANDS ,, HANDS DARSE LAS MANOS
HANDS
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVED AFEITARSE
SHEAR SHORE SHORN CORTAR(PELO) (OVEJA)
DERRAMAR(SANGRE,LAGR
SHED SHED SHED
IMAS)
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILLAR
SHOE SHOD SHOD CALZARSE
SHOOT SHOT SHOT DISPARAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN PRESENTAR
SHRED SHREDED SHREDED DESMENUZAR/PELAR
55
SHRINK SHRANK SHRUNK ENCOGERSE/ARRUGAR
SHRIVE SHROVE/...D SHRIVEN/..D CONFESAR A/ABSOLVER
SHUT SHUT SHUT CERRAR VIOLENTAMENTE
SING SANG SUNG CANTAR
SINK SANK SUNK HUNDIR
SIT SAT SAT SENTARSE
SLAY SLEW SLAIN ASESINAR/MATAR
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SLIDE SLID SLID DESLIZAR
SLING SLUNG SLUNG LANZAR/ARROJAR
SLINK SLUNK SLUNK ABORTAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT RAJARSE/HENDERSE
SMELL SMELT SMELT OLER
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMBRAR(CONCIENCIA)
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN HABLAR
SPEED SPEEDED SPPEDED ANDAR VELOZMENTE
SPELL SPELT SPELT DELETREAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR(TIEMPO,DINERO)
SPILL SPILT SPILT DERRAMAR/VERTER
SPIN SPUN/SPAN SPUN GIRAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT ESCUPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT SEPARAR/PARTIR
SPOIL SPOILED SPOILED ARRUINAR/ESTROPEAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD REGAR(NOTICIAS)
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG BRINCAR
STAND STOOD STOOD PARARSE
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROBAR/HURTAR
STICK STUCK STUCK PAGAR/ADHERIR
STING STUNG STUNG PINCHAR/PICAR
STINK STANK STUNK OLER MAL/HEDER
STREW STREWED STREWN ESPARCIR/DESPARRAMAR
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASOS LARGOS
STRIKE STRUCK STRUCK GOLPEAR/PEGAR
STRING STRUNG STRUNG ATAR/AMARRAR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORZARSE
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURAR
56
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT BARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWELLED HINCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWAM NADAR
SWING SWANG SWUNG BALANCEAR/MECER
T.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
PONER SOBRE EL
TABLE TABLED TABLED
TAPETE
TABULATE TABULATED TABULATED TABULAR
CLAVAR CON
TACK TACKED TACKED
TACHUELA
TAG TAGGED TAGGED ETIQUETAR
CONFECCIONAR(TRAJE
TAILOR TAILORED TAILORED
)
TALKED TALKED TALKED HABLAR/CONVERSAR
TAME TAMED TAMED DOMAR/DOMESTICAR
TAN TANNED TANNED BRONCEARSE
TAP TAPPED TAPPED DAR GOLPECITOS
TAUNT TAUNTED TAUNTED VILIPENDIAR
TEASE TEASED TEASED BROMEAR
TELEGRAPH TELEGRAPHED TELEGRAPHED TELEGRAFIAR
TEST TESTED TESTED PONER A PRUEBA
TICKET TICKETED TICKETED ROTULAR/ETIQUETAR
TICKLE TICKLED TICKLED HACER COSQUILLAS
TIE TIED TIED ATAR
TIP TIPPED TIPPED DAR PROPINA
TIRE TIRED TIRED CANSAR/FATIGAR
TITLE TITLED TITLED TITULAR
TOAST TOASTED TOASTED BRINDAR/TOSTAR PAN
TOPPLE TOPPLED TOPPLED DERRIBAR/VOLCAR
TORTURE TORTURED TORTURED TORTURAR
TOW TOWED TOWED REMOLCAR
TRACE TRACED TRACED SEGUIR EL RASTRO
TRACK TRACKED TRACKED SEGUIE LAS HUELLAS
TRADE TRADED TRADED INTERCAMBIAR
TRADUCE TRADUCED TRADUCED DIFAMAR/CALUMNIAR
TRANSCRIBE TRANSCRIBED TRANCRIBED TRANSCRIBIR
57
TRANSFER TRANSFERED TRANSFERED TRANSFERIR
TRANSFUGURAT
...D ...D TRANSFIGURAR
E
TRANSFORM TRANSFORMED TRANSFORMED TRANSFORMAR
TRANSFUSE TRANSFUDED TRANSFUSED TRANSFUNDIR
TRANSGRESSE TRANSGRESSE
TRANSGRESS INFRINGIR
D D
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED TRANSLATED TRADUCIR
TRANSMIT TRANSMITTED TRANSMITTED TRANSMITIR
TRANSPLANTE TRANSPLANTE
TRANSPLANT TRANSPLANTAR
D D
TRANSPORT TRANSPORTED TRANSPORTED TRANSPORTAR
TRAP TRAPPED TRAPPED ATRAPAR
TRAVEL TRAVELLED TRAVELLED VIAJAR
TREAT TREATED TREATED TRATAR(BIEN,MAL)
TREND TRENDED TRENDED TENDER A
TRESPASS TRESPASSED TRESPASSED TRASPASAR(FINCA)
TRICK TRICKED TRICKED ENGAÑAR/BURLARSE
TRIPLE TRIPLED TRIPLED TRIPLICAR
TRITURATE ...D ...D TRITURAR
TROT TROTTED TROTTED TROTAR
TROUBLE TROUBLED TROUBLED INQUIETAR/MOLESTAR
TRUST TRUSTED TRUSTED CONFIAR
TRY TRIED TRIED TRATAR/INTENTAR
TUMBLE TUMBLED TUMBLED DERRIBAR/TUMBAR
TUNE TUNED TUNED AFINAR
TURN TURNED TURNED GIRAR
TWEAK TWEAKED TWEAKED PELLIZCAR (FUERTE)
PARPADEAR/CENTELLA
TWINKLE TWINKLED TWINKLED
R
TWIST TWISTED TWISTED TORCER(SE)
TYPE TYPED TYPED TIPIAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR/AGARRAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSEÑAR
TEAR TORE TORN ROMPER/RASGAR
TELL TOLD TOLD CONTAR/DECIR A
THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT PENSAR
58
THRIVE THROVE THRIVEN PROSPERAR/IR BIEN
THROW THREW THROWN LANZAR/TIRAR
THRUST THRUSTED THRUSTED EMPUJAR CON FUERZA
TREAD TROD TRODDEN PISAR/PISOTEAR
U.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
UMPIRE UMPIRED UMPIRED ARBITRAR
UNDERTAKE UNDERTOOK UNDERTAKEN COMPROMETRESE
UNDO UNDID UNDONE DESATAR(PAQUETE)
UNITE UNITED UNITED UNIR/JUNTAR
UNPLUG UNPLUGGED UNPLUGGED DESENCHUFAR
UNTIE UNTIED UNTIED DESATAR
UPGRADE UPGRADED UPGRADED ASCENDER
USE USED USED USAR
UNBEND UNBENT UNBENT ENDEREZAR
UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDER
V.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
VACCINATE VACCINATED VACCINATED VACUNAR
VALIDATE VALIDATED VALIDATED VALIDAR
VALUE VALUED VALUED VALORAR
VANISH VANISHED VANISHED ESFUMARSE
VARY VARIED VARIED VARIAR/CAMBIAR
VENTILATE VENTILATED VENTILATED VENTILAR
VENTURE VENTURED VENTURED AVENTURAR
VIBRATE VIBRATED VIBRATED VIBRAR
VIOLATE VIOLATED VIOLATED VIOLAR
VOID VOIDED VOIDED ANULAR
W.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER/DESEAR
WARM UP WARMED WARMED CALENTAR/ANIMAR
WARN WARNED WARNED PREVENIR/AVISAR
WARRANT WARRANTED WARRANTED AUTORIZAR
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
59
WASTE WASTED WASTED PERDER TIEMPO
WATCH WATCHED WATCHED OBSERVAR/MIRAR
WAVE AT WAVED AT WAVED AT AGITAR(MANOS)
WAX WAXED WAXED ENCERAR
WEAN
WEANED WEANED DESTETAR/APARTAR DE
FROM
WEIGH WEIGHED WEIGHED PESAR
WELCOME WELCOMED WELCOMED DAR LA BIENVENIDA
WELD WELDED WELDED SOLDAR
WENCH WENCHED WENCHED PUTEAR
WHIP WHIPPED WHIPPED AZOTAR/FUSTIGAR
WHISPER WHISPERED WHISPERED SUSURRAR
WHISTLE WHISTLED WHISTLED SILBAR
WIELD WIELDED WIELDED EMPUÑAR(ARMA)
WILL WILLED WILLED DESEAR
WIND UP WINDED UP WINDED UP LLEGAR A PARAR
WINK WINKED WINKED GUIÑAR EL OJO
WIPE WIPED WIPED SECAR/LIMPIAR
WIRE WIRED WIRED PONER UN TELEGRAMA
WISH WISHED WISHED DESEAR/ANHELAR
WITCH WITCHED WITCHED EMBRUJAR
WONDER WONDERED WONDERED SENTIR CURIOSIDAD
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABAJAR
WORRY WORRIED WORRIED PREOCUPARSE
WRAP WRAPPED WRAPPED ENVOLVER/ENROLLAR
WRECK WRECKED WRECKED NAUFRAGAR/CHOCAR
WREST WRESTED WRESTED ESTIRAR BRUSCAMENTE
WRESTLE WRESTLED WRESTLED LUCHAR
WRINKLE WRINKLED WRINKLED ARRUGARSE
WAKE WOKE WOKE/WOKEN LEVANTARSE
WEAR WORE WORN USAR(ROPA)DESGASTAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TEJER
WEEP WEPT WEPT LLORAR
WIN WON WON GANAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLLAR/OVILLAR
WITHDRAW WITHDREW WITHDRAWN SACAR(DINERO)
60
WRING WRUNG WRUNG RETORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCRIBIR
X.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
X-RAY X-RAYED X-RAYED RADIOGRAFIAR
XEROXCOPY XEROXCOPIED XEROXCOPIED FOTOCOPIAR
Y.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
YELL YELLED YELLED GRITAR
YIELD YIELDED YIELDED CEDER EL PASO
Z.
PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICA
ZIP ZIPPED ZIPPED CERRAR CON CIERRE
ZOOM ZOOMED ZOOMED ZUMBAR/DISPARARSE
61
VERBOS IRREGULARES
El participio
Verbo Pasado Simple
pasado
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awoken
B
bear bore borne
beat beat beaten
become became became
begin began begun
bend bent bent
beset beset beset
bet bet/betted bet
bid bid bid
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
C
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cling clung clung
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
62
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fit fit fit
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forget forgot forgotten
forego/forgo forewent foregone
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
foretell foretold foretold
freeze froze frozen
63
hurt hurt hurt
64
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn/sewed
shake shook shaken
shear sheared sheared/shorn
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown/showed
shrink shrank shrunk
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
slay slew slayed/slain
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
slit slit slit
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
smite smote smitten
sow sowed sown/sowed
speak spoke spoken
speed sped/speeded sped/speeded
spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled
spend spent spent
spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled
spin spun spun
spit spat spat
split split split
spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled
spread spread spread
spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank stunk
stride strode stridden
strike struck struck
strive strove striven
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swell swelled swelled/swollen
swim swam
65
swing swung swum
take took
teach taught taken
tear tore taught
tell told torn
think thought told
thrive thrived/throve thought
throw threw thrived
thrust thrust thrown
tread trod thrust
understand understood trodden
uphold upheld understood
upset upset upheld
upset
wake woke/waked
wear wore woken/waked
weave wove/weaved worn
wed wedded/wed woven/weaved
weep wept wedded/wed
win won wept
wind wound won
withdraw withdrew wound
withhold withheld withdrawn
withstand withstood withheld
wring wrung withstood
write wrote wrung
written
66
PHRASAL VERBS
EXAMPLES / TRANSLATION
PHRASAL MEANING
If you decide to do it, you'll have to abide
abide by keep to rules, decisions,
by their strict rules.
promises or agreements
Si decides hacerlo tendrás que acatar
sus estrictas normas.
The storm accounts for the plane crash.
account for explain, give a good reason
La tormenta explica el accidente aéreo.
for something
Herbert is acting like a fool today.
act like behave in a specific way
Herbert se está comportando como un
tonto hoy.
Both kids have been acting up all day
act up misbehave
long.
Los dos chicos se estuvieron portando
mal todo el día.
Please add Macarena in: she would like
add in include
to go on the picnic tomorrow with you
all.
Por favor, incluyan a Macarena: ella
quisiera ir al picnic de mañana con
todos ustedes.
1) You made a mistake when you were
add up 1) find the total of numbers
adding the bill up.
Cometió un error cuando sumó la
cuenta.
2) "I can't understand this. It doesn't add
2) to have sense
up".
"No entiendo esto. No le encuentro
sentido".
lt all adds up to this: she is entirely
add up to result in, total
untrustworthy.
Todo se puede resumir así: ella no es
para nada confiable.
All hunters allow for the possibility of
allow for take into consideration,
boar bites.
take into account
Todo cazador tiene en cuenta las
mordeduras de los jabalíes.
Don't answer back when your parents
answer back answer a reproof impudently,
talk to you.
retort (colloquial)
No contestes mal a tus padres cuando te
están hablando
Jane answered up when the visitor
answer up reply clearly and without
addressed her.
any delay
Jane respondió rápidamente cuando el
visitante se dirigió a ella.
His wife answered up to every question
answer up to have a ready reply (to)
67
the police asked her.
Su esposa respondió a cada pregunta
que la policía le hizo.
One hundred subscribers have applied
apply for ask for something
for a scholarship to study our new OM
COMPANY Business Course online.
Cien suscriptores han solicitado una
beca para realizar por Internet nuestro
nuevo Curso de Negocios OM
COMPANY.
Lucy has asked after your mom.
ask after ask about a person,
Lucy ha preguntado por la salud de tu
someone his health, etc.
mamá.
They asked me down to talk to them.
ask down invite (a person) to come
Me pidieron que bajara a hablar con
downstairs
ellos.
The sales manager asked for a new
ask for request
extension.
El gerente de ventas solicitó un nuevo
interno.
Ask your new friend in; we would all like
ask in invite (a person) into a house
to meet him.
(usually separated)
Haz pasar a tu nuevo amigo; todos
queremos conocerlo.
Barbara's friends always ask her out.
ask out invite (a person) to any form
Los amigos de Bárbara siempre la
of entertainment.
invitan a salir.
The invalid asked Ann up to talk to her.
ask up invite (a person) to come
La inválida le pidió a Ann que subiera a
upstairs
hablar con ella
68
Kevin me prometió un viaje pero al
finalmente rompió su promesa.
He had to back out of the deal owing to
back out of withdraw from
his recent misfortunes.
Debió retirarse del acuerdo debido a sus
últimas desgracias.
1) All of us will back you up at the
back up 1) support (a claim or a
election.
person), confirm
Todos te apoyaremos en las elecciones.
2) Could you please back up your car a
2) move in reverse,
little?
reverse a car
¿Podría retroceder (dar marcha atrás a)
su auto un poco?
Before my computer crashed, I could
3) make a protection copy
back all my files up.
Antes de que mi computadora fallara
pude proteger (hacer una copia de
seguridad de) todos mis archivos.
1) If your son runs into difficulties, who
bail out 1) rescue
will bail him out?
Si tu hijo se mete en aprietos, ¿quién lo
va a salvar?
2) A rich friend soon came and bailed
2) provide money for a
Joe out.
person's release from prison
Enseguida apareció un amigo rico de
Joe y pagó su fianza.
1) The pilot baled out when the aircraft
bale out 1) escape from an aeroplane
fell in flames.
by parachute
El piloto saltó en paracaídas cuando el
avión se incendió.
2) We baled out for several hours until
2) remove water from a vessel
the boat was safe.
Sacamos agua durante varias horas
hasta que el bote estuvo a salvo.
I don't like to hear my secrets being
bandy about discuss lightly or jokingly
bandied about.
No me gusta que se anden revelando
mis secretos.
We all are banking on good weather next
bank on depend on
Monday.
Todos dependemos de que haga buen
tiempo el próximo lunes.
We were at a private meeting when she
barge in intrude (slang)
barged in.
Estábamos en reunión privada cuando
ella se entrometió.
She barked out the salesman, "Why
bark out say petulantly
don't you leave?"
Le espetó al vendedor, "¿Por qué no se
69
va de una vez?".
70
(colloquial) La reunión programada para esta noche está
cancelada.
5) The movie is off now!
5) start
¡Ya comienza la película!
1) They are on from 2 pm to 6 pm
be on 1) be on duty (colloquial)
Están ocupados desde las 2 hasta las 6 de la tarde.
2) We are swimming soon. Are you on?
2) agree (colloquial)
Pronto vamos a ir a nadar. ¿Estás de acuerdo?
Mrs. Dennys is out at the moment.
be out 1) be away from home
La Sra. Dennys está afuera en estos momentos.
(for a short time, not
overnight)
2) The accountant was out in his budget.
2) be mistaken, be
El contador se equivocó en el presupuesto.
wrong
3) Her book is already out.
3) be published
Ya se ha publicado su libro.
4) Is the fire out?
4) be no longer burning
¿Ya apagaron el incendio?
5) I'm so busy that even a short holiday is out.
5) be beyond
Estoy tan ocupado que hasta una corta vacación
consideration
es imposible.
(colloquial)
Sheila is out for a good time.
be out for be seeking (colloquial)
Sheila está buscando pasarla bien.
1) He is out of Buenos Aires at the present.
be out of 1) be away from
No se encuentra en Buenos Aires actualmente.
2) I am out of sugar and coffee.
2) have finished, have
Me quedé sin azúcar y café.
exhausted the supply of
The storm is over now. We can go on.
be over be finished
Terminó la tormenta. Podemos seguir.
I am through with you for good and all.
be throughhave finished with
Para bien o para mal he terminado contigo.
with (colloquial)
1) She won't be up till 11 am today.
be up 1) have risen, be out of
No se va a levantar hasta las 11 de la mañana hoy.
bed
2) What's up? Why did you scream?
2) be happening
¿Qué ocurrió? ¿Por qué gritaste?
3) Your time is up. You must return now.
3) be finished
Tu tiempo se acabó. Debes regresar ahora.
(used only of time)
Mankind is always up against Nature.
be upcompete against, be
La Humanidad compite permanentemente con la
against facing,
Naturaleza.
be opposite
71
illness) ya anda por allí.
2) feel able to, be fit for 2) My doctor said that I was not up to making
such a long flight.
El médico me dijo que no estoy en condiciones
de hacer un vuelo tan largo.
be well up be well versed in, know He is well up in movie business: ask him about
in thoroughly this film.
Conoce muy bien el negocio del cine:
pregúntale sobre esta película.
bear out confirm This report bears out my theory about the
murder.
Este informe confirma mi teoría acerca del
asesinato.
bear up support bad news, Try to bear up even if you feel sick.
not despair Trata de aguantar aunque te sientas enfermo.
bear with be patient with Please, kindly bear with the delay.
Por favor, tenga paciencia con la demora.
beat down force someone to lower He asked me $1000 for the tree, but I beat him
his prices down to $600.
Me pidió $1000 por el árbol pero logré
hacérselo bajar a $600.
beat off repel The villagers could beat off (back) several
beat back attackes in the past.
Los pobladores lograron rechazar varios
ataques en el pasado.
beat up 1) strike so. severely 1) This fellow has beat up several boys at
school.
Este tipo ya le pegó a varios muchachos en la
escuela.
72
2) mix thoroughly 2) Beat up the ingredients and then boil
everything.
Mezcla bien todos los ingredientes y luego
hierve todo.
beg off decline, ask to be Marly begged off from her engagement to come
excused to the party.
Marly pidó que disculpáramos su compromiso
de venir a la fiesta.
blow out extinguish, put out a The wind blew out the candle (or The wind blew
flame the candle out).
by blowing El viento apagó la vela.
blow over pass All these troubles will soon blow over.
Todos estos problemas pronto pasarán.
2) fill with air, inflate,2) Laura's father blew up all the balloons for
pump up the party.
El padre de Laura infló todos los globos para
la fiesta.
boil away 1) continue boiling 1) The water has been boiling away for the
last ten minutes.
Hace diez minutos que está hirviendo el
agua.
2) boil until all liquid2) The milk has all boiled away.
has evaporated Se ha evaporado toda la leche.
boil down to can be reduced to All his ideas boil down to imaginary thoughts.
(colloquial) Todas sus ideas pueden reducirse a
pensamientos imaginarios.
73
boil over boil and flow over the The milk boiled over and there was a horrible
sides smell of burning.
of the container Se derramó la leche hervida y había un
espantoso olor a quemado.
bow out of withdraw They finally bowed out of the car race.
Finalmente abandonaron la carrera de autos.
branch out begin or develop a Our company branched out and has two
new business agencies in Brazil.
Nuestra empresa se expandió y tiene dos
sucursales en Brasil.
break down 1) smash, demolish 1) The thieves broke down the front door.
Los ladrones derribaron la puerta de entrada.
3) collapse through ill-3) When she heard the news, she broke down
health and wept.
or great emotion, loseCuando supo las noticias se derrumbó y se
control largó a llorar.
break in 1) enter by force 1) Two thieves broke in and stole the car.
(also break into) Entraron dos ladrones y robaron el auto.
3) tame, train for use.3) It took many men to break in that wild
train to labour horse.
74
Domesticar a ese caballo salvaje ocupó a
varios hombres.
3) appear suddenly 3) The sun finally broke out and the rain
stopped.
Finalmente salió el sol y dejó de llover.
break up 1) break into pieces 1) The old ship was broken up by the waves.
El viejo barco fue desintegrado por las olas.
breathe out exhale Jane breathed out a sigh of relief when she
saw her son was in.
75
Jane exhaló un suspiro cuando vio que su hijo
estaba adentro.
bring about cause to happen What has brought about all this disaster?
¿Qué ocasionó este desastre?
bring back 1) recall (usually not 1) He always brings back his trip to Paris.
separated with a Siempre añora (le viene a la mente) su viaje a
noun) París.
bring down lower, reduce Finally the artist brought his price down.
Finalmente el artista redujo el precio.
2) carry figures to2) You must bring forward last month's total
the next page on to page 25.
Tienes que trasladar los totales del mes
pasado a la página 25.
76
no culpable.
bring off accomplish I thought Doris couldn't pass the FCE but she
something brought it off.
very difficult Pensé que Doris no podría aprobar el FCE
pero lo logró.
bring out publish When are you bringing out your next novel?
¿Cuando publicarás tu próxima novela?
brush up on refresh knowledge of, I'm traveling to Canada soon. I must brush up
review on my French.
Pronto viajaré a Canadá. Tengo que refrescar
mis conocimientos de Francés.
buckle down work seriously You may fail your TOEFL exam if you don't
buckle down.
Puedes fracasar en tu examen TOEFL si no te
pones a estudiar en serio.
burn down destroy by fire The rebels burnt down all the cottages.
(used of buildings) Los rebeldes incendiaron todas las casas.
77
grosera!!
burst into suddenly enter Four thieves burst into the meeting room last
night.
Anoche cuatro ladrones irrumpieron en la
sala de reuniones.
burst out suddenly show He burst out laughing at the end of the
emotion speech.
Se largó a reír al final del discurso.
butt in interrupt impolitely Sheila butts in all the time so you cannot talk
a conversation with comfort.
Sheila interrumpe todo el tiempo y no puedes
hablar con comodidad.
call at visit a place for a shortI called at the bank to transfer some money.
time Pasé por el banco para transferir algo de
dinero.
call in send for someone toIt was too late to call in an electrician.
come Era demasiado tarde para llamar (hacer
ask to assist venir) a un electricista.
call off 1) cancel something that1) The couple decided to call off the
has been scheduled, notwedding.
started Los jóvenes decidieron cancelar el
casamiento.
78
2) divert, distract 2) Please, call off your dog at once !!
¡¡Por favor distraiga ya a su perro!!.
2) summon troops for2) The Fire Brigade was called out twice
action during the night.
La Brigada de Incendios fue citada dos
veces durante la noche.
call upon visit someone for a shortYesterday they called upon the
time ambassador.
Ayer visitaron al embajador.
calm down become less agitated Veronica is really upset. I'll try to calm her
down.
Verónica está absolutamente disgustada.
Trataré de calmarla.
care about be concerned about This movie star cares about his reputation.
A esta estrella de cine le preocupa su fama.
care for 1) like, want 1) He doesn't care for films about war.
No le interesan las películas de guerra.
2) look after, take care2) This house looks well cared for.
of Esta casa se ve bien cuidada (en buenas
79
condiciones)..
carry out perform, put in practice It is not easy to carry out this task.
No es fácil poner en práctica esta tarea.
cast up calculate, add The accountant will cast up all the figures in
this book.
El contador sumará todas las cifras en este
libro.
catch up with overtake but not pass,I started last but I soon caught up with the
stop being behind others.
Arranqué último pero pronto alcancé (me
puse a la altura de) los demás.
cater for provide with thingsOur company caters for every kind of food
desired for planes.
Nuestra empresa provee todo tipo de
alimentos para aviones
check in register one's arrival You must check in at the front desk.
Tienes que registrarte en la recepción.
check off make a mark on a list toShe checked off all the things she had
indicate completedpacked up.
things Ella tildó (marcó) todas las cosas que había
empacado.
check out 1) register one's1) Please, leave the key here when you
departure check out.
Tenga a bien dejar aquí la llave cuando se
80
retire.
cheer up help someone feel lessCheer up! Everything will be all right.
worried or happier ¡Alégrate! Todo va a andar bien.
chew out scold someone severely His father chewed him out when he arrived
so late.
Su padre lo reprendió severamente cuando
llegó tan tarde.
chicken out lose the courage orI was going to ask him for a job, but I
confidence chickened out.
to do something Estaba por pedirle un trabajo pero no tuve
el coraje.
chop down fell; cut down byThey finally chopped down the old oak tree.
delivering Finalmente talaron (derribaron) el antiguo
a blow roble.
chop up cut into small pieces She chopped the meat up for the stew.
Cortó la carne en pedacitos para el guiso.
clam up refuse to talk aboutWhen I try to talk about her divorce, Mary
something just clams up.
Cuando intento hablar de su divorcio, Mary
enmudece (rehusa hablar).
clean down brush or wask a wall,He spent all day cleaning my car down.
car, etc. Me pasé el día limpiando el auto.
clean out make clean and tidy The maid will soon clean out the cupboard.
La mucama enseguida ordenará (dejará
ordenado) el aparador.
81
clean up after tidy for She spent half a day cleaning up after the
children.
Se pasó medio día ordenando lo que
dejaron los niños.
clear away 1) remove or get rid of1) He cleared away (off, out) the old
clear off articles records.
clear out (in order to make space) Se deshizo de (tiró) los discos viejos.
clear up 1) become finer or bright 1) When the weather clears up, we'll go to
the movies.
Cuando mejore el tiempo iremos al cine.
clock off register one's departureOur workmen clock off (out) at 3 pm.
clock out in a clock (in factories) Nuestros operarios marcan su salida a las
3 de la tarde.
close down shut permanently Trade here is so bad that many shops close
down.
El comercio aquí es tan pobre que muchos
negocios cierran definitivamente.
82
close in come nearer, approach As the mist was closing in (on) we decided
close on from to stay there.
all sides, surround Como la niebla se aproximaba decidimos
quedarnos allí mismo.
close up 1) close completely,1) The old road has been closed up.
block Han clausurado la vieja ruta.
come about happen It came about that we both left Spain on the
same plane.
Ocurrió que los dos salimos de España en
el mismo avión.
come across 1) meet accidentally 1) I met across several old friends at the
meeting.
En la reunión me encontré con varios viejos
amigos.
come back return I shall be waiting for you when you come
83
back.
Te estaré esperando cuando regreses.
come down descend Mrs. Blair will come down in five minutes.
La Sra. Blair bajará en cinco minutos.
come down to can be reduced to Your choices come down just to these two
alternatives.
Tus posibilidades de elección ser reducen
a dos alternativas.
come down with become ill with My wife came down with the flu.
Mi esposa cayó engripada.
84
4) result 4) Everything has come out as we wanted.
Todo salió como deseábamos.
come over come to one's house,Come over and have tea with us.
visit casually Ven a tomar el té con nosotros.
come round 1) recover1) The cyclist came round after two hours.
consciousness El ciclista volvió en sí después de dos
horas.
come up 1) ascend, rise to the1) Come up and take a look at the bedroom.
surface Subir a ver el dormitorio.
come upon Discover We finally came upon a small lake near the
Andes.
Finalmente descubrimos un pequeño lago
85
cercano a los Andes.
confide in share a secret The two friends have always confided in each other.
Los dos amigos se han confiado siempre sus
secretos.
cook up concoct (slang) How did you mnage to cook up such a fantastic
excuse?
¿Cómo te las ingeniaste para tramar semejante
excusa?
cool down become cool orThey could cool down the angry parent after some
calm minutes.
Después de unos minutos lograron calmar al padre
enojado.
cope with deal with problems He could cope with that difficult situation.
Pudo hacer frente a esa difícil situación.
count on rely on, depend on You can count on me; I won't fail you.
Puedes contar conmigo; no te voy a fallar.
count out exclude (usuallyPlease, count me out for the birthday present.
separated) Por favor, no me incluyas para el regalo de
cumpleaños.
86
undetected Los años aparecen en ti sin darte cuenta.
cross out show thatHe spent all the morning crossing out his students'
something writtenmistakes.
is wrong bySe pasó la mañana tachando los errores de sus
crossing it with anestudiantes.
X
cry out for urgently require The education system in Argentina is crying out for
improvement.
El sistema educativo de Argentina reclama urgentes
mejoras.
cut across use a short route If you want to arrive earlier, cut across the parking
lot.
Si quieres llegar más rápido, atraviesa el (toma un
atajo a través del) estacionamiento.
cut back on 1) reduce1) She is a little overweight. She should cut back on
consumption fat.
Está excedida de peso. Tendría que reducir el
consumo de grasa.
cut down 1) fell 1) Finally they cut down the huge oak tree.
Finalmente talaron (cortaron) el viejo roble gigante.
cut in pass one car whenNever try to cut in during rush hours. It's really
there dangerous.
isn't room to do itNo trates de adelantarte a otros en horas pico. Es
safely muy peligroso.
cut off 1) separate by1) She cut off a piece of cake for me.
cutting Cortó un pedazo de torta para mí.
87
2) disconnect 2) I was cut off in the middle of my phone
conversation.
Me cortaron en medio de la conversación telefónica.
5) isolate, intercept 5) You will be cut off if you go to live in that small
village.
Vas a quedar aisaldo si te vas a vivir a ese pueblito.
cut out 1) remove by1) Julia is cutting out a photograph of her favourite
cutting film star.
Julia está recortando una foto de su estrella de cine
favorita.
2) omit, leave out 2) If you want to get thin you must cut out sugar.
Si quieres adelgazar debes eliminar el azúcar.
cut up cut into pieces She cut the cake up and gave each of us a piece.
Cortó la torta en pedazos y nos dio un trozo a cada
uno.
dawn on begin to appear;After reading her letter the truth began to dawn on
begin to grow clearme.
to the mind Después de leer su carta la verdad empezó a
aclarar en mí.
deal with handle She is really lucky, so she can deal with this
successfully situation.
Es muy afortunada, por lo tanto puede manejar esta
situación.
88
acción.
die away become graduallyThe prisoners waited till the sound of the warder
faintier, died away.
disappear Los prisioneros aguardaron hasta que los pasos del
guardia se extinguieron (desaparecieron).
die down become graduallyWhen the excitement had died down the shop was
calmer, reopened.
become less Cuando se calmó la excitación se reabrió la tienda.
die out become extinct Blue whales could die out in a few years.
La ballena azul podría extinguirse en pocos años.
dispense proceed without The chairman dispensed with formalities and took
with off his tie.
El presidente prescindió de toda formalidad y se
quitó la corbata.
dispose of get rid of, remove,If my parents move, they will have to dispose of their
do away with furniture.
Si mis padres se mudan tendrán que deshacerse de
sus muebles.
do away with remove, destroy, Modern civilisation has down away with
abolish slavery.
La civilización moderna ha abolido
(desterrado) la esclavitud.
do up 1) fasten (shoe laces, 1) She did up the zip on her dress and went
zippers, etc.) out.
89
Subió el cierre de su vestido y se fue.
do without manage in the absence They did without food and fresh water.
of Sobrevivieron (se arreglaron) sin alimentos
ni agua fresca.
drag into involve unwillingly Please, don't drag me into this discussion
once again!!
¡¡Por favor, no me involucren en esta
discusión otra vez!!
draw back retire, retreat It's too late to draw back now; the plans are
all made.
Es tarde para volverse atrás; todos los
planes están hechos.
draw out prolong something The speaker was so boring that he drew his
speech out for over three hours.
El orador era tan aburrido que estiró su
discurso durante más de tres horas.
90
draw up 1) stop (of vehicles) 1) The car drew up and the driver got out.
El auto se detuvo y el conductor descendió.
drop behind leave behind The athlete soon dropped the other runners
behind.
El atleta enseguida dejó atrás a los demás
corredores.
drop by visit informally I'd love to see you. Please try to drop by our
house.
Me encantaría verte. Por favor pasa por casa.
91
4) give someone a 4) When Ana moves close to me I'll be glad to
ride drop her off.
Cuando Ana se mude cerca de casa será un
placer acercarla en mi automóvil.
drop out withdraw One runner twisted his foot in the race and
dropped out.
Un corredor se torció el pie durante la
carrera y abandonó.
dry up 1) become completely 1) The streams all dried up during the hot
dry summer.
Todos los arroyos se secaron durante el
tórrrido verano.
ease off become less painful My headache has now eased off a little.
or troublesome El dolor de cabeza se ha atenuado un poco
ahora.
eat out eat away from home There was no food in the house, so we
(in a decided to eat out.
restaurant or at a No quedaba comida en la casa, por lo tanto
friend's decidimos comer afuera
house, etc.)
92
eat up eat all of, eat "Eat up your dinner and then you will grow
completely into a big boy."
(separable) "Come toda tu cena y te convertirás en un
muchacho grandote".
egg on encourage, persuade His friends egg him on until he finally agreed
to the plan.
Sus amigos lo persuadieron hasta que
finalmente aceptó la propuesta.
eke out make a living by doing The poor teacher gave private music lessons
something extra in order to eke out his low salary.
(separable El pobre profesor daba clases privadas de
but often not música para compensar sus bajos ingresos.
separated)
empty out remove what is inside The maid found the missing keys when she
something emptied out both drawers in the bedroom.
La mucama encontró las llaves que faltaban
cuando vació los dos cajones del dormitorio.
end off finish Sheila ended off her speech with some
amusing stories.
Sheila finalizó su discurso con algunas
entretenidas historias.
end up reach an end If you continue to act like this, you will end in
prison.
Si continúas manejándote así, terminarás en
la cárcel.
enter up keep a written record The clerk forgot to enter up the figures for the
of accounts, etc. sales on Tuesday.
(separable) El empleado olvidó ingresar los importes de
las ventas del martes.
93
even up make even or equal The last goal has now evened up the score
(separable when and the match will probably end in a draw.
transitive) El último gol acaba de emparejar los
resultados y el partido probablemente
finalice empatado.
expand on say more about Please expand on what you have just
mentioned.
Por favor, amplía (explica con más detalles)
lo que acabas de mencionar.
explain away remove uncertainty Why did you behave so rudely to our guest?
by showing why one Explain that away.
should not be blamed ¿Por qué se comportó tan groseramente con
for a fault, mistake, nuestro invitado? Explíquese.
etc.
fall back recede, retreat As soon as the enemy fell back, the soldiers
returned to their homes in Spain.
Apenas el enemigo retrocedió, lo soldados
regresaron a sus hogares en España.
fall behind be passed by others Our runner seems to have fallen behind.
Parece que nuestro corredor se ha
atrasado (quedado atrás).
94
fall behind with fail to pay a sum ofJones fell behind with his payments for the
money car and had to borrow money.
which is due Jones se atrasó con los pagos del
automóvil y tuvo que pedir dinero prestado.
fall down lose one's balance Charles tripped over a stone and fell down.
Carlos tropezó con una piedra y se cayó.
feel up to
feel able or strong Do you feel up to making that long and
95
enough exhausting journey?
to do something ¿Te sientes capaz de hacer ese largo y
agotador viaje?
substitute for,
temporarily Doris said she would fill in for me if I was sick.
do someone else's Doris dijo que me reemplazaría si me sentía
fill in for work mareado.
fill out 1) complete (forms, 1) I filled out the form with all my personal
etc) by data.
adding required Completé el formulario con todos mis datos
96
information personales.
be suited to, be
suitable, She doesn't fit in with our group.
fit in with be congenial Ella no encaja en nuestro grupo.
97
2) We must fix up the next meeting before we
leave.
2) arrange, organise in Tenemos que arreglar la próxima reunión
a suitable manner antes de irnos.
burst suddenly into The fire flamed out when the wind arose.
flame out flame El fuego estalló cuando se levantó viento.
98
He fumbled about for his key but it wasn't in
his pocket.
fumble about feel about uncertainly Hurgó en busca de su llave pero no estaba en
for with one's hands su bolsillo
get around
1) He is too old to get around now.
1) circulate. move Ya está demasiado anciano para circular por
about ahí.
99
get back
get by
make you feel Don't let this horrible weather get you down.
depressed No permitas que este tiempo espantoso te
get down (colloquial) deprima.
100
transportation (bus, Se bajaron del tren a las cinco de la tarde.
train)
get on
101
I hate dentists' offices, so if I must visit one, I
prefer to get it over with as soon as possible.
Odio los consultorios de los dentistas, de
get over with undergo, finish
modo que si tengo que ir a ver a uno prefiero
(usually separated)
terminar con esto lo antes posible.
102
2) OM Personal gives away prizes every
month.
OM Personal entrega premios todos los
2) distribute meses.
103
situation.
Elena ha abandonado la lucha en tan mala
situación.
104
negro.
105
5) The tide is going out.
5) recede La marea está retrocediendo.
106
I'm going to goof off all the afternoon.
goof off be lazy Voy a hacer fiaca (pereza) toda la tarde.
grow out of become too big for My son has grown out of most of his clothes.
hand round show round Robert handed round the letter he had just
received.
107
Roberto hizo circular la carta que acababa
de recibir.
continue to do
"Can you hang on while I change my
something
clothes?".
(in connection with
"¿Podrías seguir en el puesto mientras me
hang on waiting)
cambio de ropa?"
hang up
1) Sorry for being late. I was hung up in a
1) delay (generally
traffic jam.
used
Discúlpame por llegar tarde. Quedé atascado
in passive)
en un embotellamiento.
2) finish a telephone
2) After receiving a busy signal, I hung up the
call
phone.
by hanging up the
Después de recibir señal de ocupado colgué
receiver
el teléfono
108
El diente me dolía tanto que tuve que hacerlo
extraer.
listen to someone until Don't make any decision yet: please, hear me
he has finished out.
(usually No tomes ninguna decisión todavía: por
hear out
separated) favor, escúchame sin interrumpir.
109
He hit on a plan for making money easily.
Descubrió un método para hacer dinero
hit on discover accidentally fácilmente.
110
mucho tiempo más.
idle away waste (time, etc.) in Ken idled away his time until he got a job in
idleness the plant.
Ken se la pasó perdiendo el tiempo hasta
que consiguió un trabajo en la fábrica.
inquire about ask for information Before the race many people inquired
about about the horses.
Antes de la carrera mucha gente averiguó
(consultó, buscó información) sobre los
caballos.
inquire after ask about somebody's Nobody inquired after the child's health in
health, welfare, etc. all his years.
Nadie preguntó por la salud del pequeño en
todos estos años.
111
exam.
Para este examen final los estudiantes
tendrán que investigar una serie de temas
gramaticales.
invite in ask someone into one's He invited the stranger in and gave him a
house, a room, etc. meal.
Hizo pasar al extraño y le ofreció comida.
invite out ask someone to go out We have been invited out to Luciana's
to a party, a meal, birthday.
movies, etc. Hemos sido invitados al cumpleaños de
Luciana.
iron out remove, make smooth Finally, husband and wife ironed out their
(problems, difficulties) problems together.
Finalmente, marido y mujer resolvieron
juntos sus problemas
jack up lift with a jack Herbert jacked up the car and changed
wheels.
Herbert levantó el auto (con el cric) y
cambió la rueda.
jog along proceed quietly and Tom is not brilliant. He just jogs along in his
slowly work.
Tomás no es brillante. Simplemente se
toma su tiempo para realizar su trabajo.
join in with share with I decided to join in with them when they
said they were going to buy a yacht.
Decidí compartir el gasto con ellos cuando
dijeron que iban a comprar un yate.
join up enlist in the Army, When they were very young, Manuel and his
Navy brother decided to join up and fight for their
or Air Force country.
Cuando eran muy jóvenes, Manuel y su
hermano decidieron alistarse para pelear
por su patria.
112
keep away from avoid coming near, The angry woman shouted the thief to keep
stay away from away from her.
La mujer enojada le gritó al ladrón que se
alejara de ella.
keep back from stay away from Keep back from the edge of the platform.
The train is coming.
Aléjate del borde de la plataforma. Está
llegando el tren.
keep down 1) lie low, crouch 1) Keep down or they will see you.
Agáchate (quédate abajo) o te verán.
keep in 1) confine, detain 1) The teacher kept him in for two hours
after school.
El profesor lo retuvo durante dos horas
después de la escuela.
keep in with continue on good It's advisable to keep in with your boss.
terms Es aconsejable andar bien con tu jefe.
113
with someone
114
OM Personal visitors are always keyed up for
interesting prizes at our OM Lucky section.
Los visitantes de OM Personal siempre se
key up excite, stimulate
estimulan con los interesantes premios de
nuestra sección OM Lucky.
3) force someone
to lower a price 3) I wanted 3,000 dollars for my car, but the
customer knocked me down to 2,500 dollars.
115
Yo quería 3.000 dólares por mi automóvil
pero el cliente me lo hizo bajar a 2.500
dólares.
116
We really knuckled down but the new paint in
knuckle down
the kitchen looks great now.
to work very hard
Realmente trabajamos duro pero la nueva
pintura de la cocina luce fantástica.
3) provide a detailed 3) She laid out her plans for a rock garden in
117
plan the house.
or design Ella realizó los diseños de un jardín de rocas
para de la casa.
118
2) Why did you let the secret out?
2) divulgue, disclose ¿Por qué divulgaste el secreto?
119
Mrs. Reston, thanks for looking after my baby
tonight.
Sra. Reston, gracias por cuidar a mi bebé
look after watch, take care of esta noche.
120
They looked through the magazines while
they were waiting.
look through examine quickly Hojeaban las revistas mientras esperaban.
121
a toro me atacó y tuve que correr.
122
1) He made up an incredible story about his
vacation.
1) invent, create Inventó una increíble historia sobre sus
imaginary information vacaciones.
123
Bill and Edwin have already marked out the
mark lines showing tennis courts.
limits Bill y Edwin ya han marcado las canchas de
mark out or boundaries tenis.
124
I'm all muddled up now after your attempt to
explain Passive Voice and Reported Speech
to me.
Estoy totalmente confundido ahora luego de
muddle up mix up
tu intento de explicarme Voz Pasiva y
Lenguaje Indirecto.
125
noun)
command someone to
leave He ordered the stranger out.
order out a room, a house, etc. Le ordenó al extraño que se retirara.
pack up 1) put things away, get Helen has already packed everything up for
things ready for a her rip.
126
journey, a holiday Helen ya ha empacado todo para su viaje.
127
He passed that point by in his lecture.
Omitió (Se salteó) ese tema en su
2) omit, disregard conferencia.
deposit money with a The auditor has found that more was drawn
bank out from the bank than was paid in.
pay in
to one's own or El auditor ha detectado que se ha extraído
another's account más dinero del banco del que fue depositado.
choose someone for Because he was the youngest, the other boys
pick on
kidding, picked on him.
128
be unkind to Por ser el más joven los otros muchachos se
metían con él.
5) collect someone or
something in a car, We can pick you up at six.
boat, etc. Podemos pasar a buscarte a la seis.
129
If everyone pitches in, the work will be done
help, set to work in a few minutes.
energetically Si todos colaborar, este trabajo se puede
pitch in (colloquial) hacer en minutos.
make or cause to
appear He played down the importance of the news.
play down less important Le dio muy poca importancia a las noticias.
130
El ómnibus paró junto al cordón de la vereda.
131
Put the light on, please.
3) switch on Enciende la luz, por favor.
1) raise, hold up
put up Please help me to put this ladder up.
132
Por favor ayúdame a levantar esta escalera.
133
The city quieted down after the political
disturbances.
La ciudad se calmó después de los disturbios
quiet down become quiet
políticos.
134
persona enojada.
135
steal, rob (high prices) (con los precios)".
rule out exclude, remove from The reporter said that none of the
consideration possibilities mentioned can be ruled out yet.
El reportero comunicó que ninguna de las
136
posibilidades mencionadas pueden ser
descartadas todavía.
1) overtake and 1) The police ran down the thief in the woods.
run down capture La policía capturó al ladrón en los bosques.
finish, become
"We have run out of coffee. Why don't you
exhausted,
buy some, honey?"
run out of use the last of
"Nos quedamos sin café, ¿Por qué no
137
compras algo, querida?"
scrape off remove mud, grease, She scraped out the sticky saucepan.
scrape out paint Ella le quitó la grasa a la sucia sartén.
1) tighten by turning a
screw up He screwed up the door handle which was
screw
loose.
138
Atornilló la manija de la puerta que estaba
suelta.
139
You will have to send for your CD-ROMs.
send for ask to be sent Tendrás que mandar a buscar los CD-ROMs.
deposit people, allow a The bus stopped to set down an old lady..
passenger to get down El autobus se detuvo para dejar bajar a una
set down or out señora mayor.
140
1) start on a journey, What time did they set off?
leave ¿A qué hora se fueron (de viaje)?
141
Mario won the lottery and was able to settle
up all his debts.
Mario ganó la lotería y pudo pagar todas sus
settle up pay one's debts to deuda.
142
I sat up all night waiting for you to come
back.
Pasé en vela toda la noche esperando que
sit up not go to bed regresaras.
organize, arrange or
order
by classes or It will take some time to sort out this mess.
sort out categories Llevará cierto tiempo poner en orden este lío.
143
speak up ¡¡Hable más fuerte!! No le escuchamos en el
fondo de la sala.
say or write each letter Will you please spell your last name out?
spell out of a word ¿Puede deletrear su apellido?
speak louder, tell Spit it out and let us know the truth.
spit it out everything (slang) Dilo de una vez y cuéntanos la verdad.
to substitute for
someone;
to do someone’s job Your teacher is sick today, so I’m standing in
for them for her.
stand in for when they are not Vuestra maestra está enferma hoy, por ello la
(someone) there: estoy reemplazando.
144
Lucila is really smart and se always stands
out in class..
Lucila es realmente lista y siempre se
stand out be prominent destaca en clase.
quit, resign, give up Mr. Ronson stepped down for health reasons.
or retire from a El Sr. Ronson se retiró (renunció) por
step down position razones de salud.
145
original.
prevent electricity,
etc. from
flowing by turning a Switch the lights off, please.
switch off switch Apaga las luces , por favor.
146
Paul takes after his grandfather.
take after resemble an ancestor Paul se parece a su abuelo.
2) pull down, pull to Take down your model railway before tea.
pieces Desarma tu tren de juguete antes del té.
3) admit or receive as
guests This woman takes in lodgers at home.
or lodgers Esta mujer recibe huéspedes en su casa.
147
I was completely taken in by Monica's
disguise.
4) deceive, cheat El disfraz de Mónica me engañó totalmente.
148
4) obtain a legal right
or He took out a patent on his new invention.
a document Obtuvo una patente de su nueva invención.
5) accompany out,
invite out to John took Patricia out to have dinner at
a party, a restaurant, a Lola's last night.
dance Anoche John llevó a Patricia a cenar a Lola.
149
Don't talk back to your father: listen to what
he says.
No contestes mal a tu padre: escucha lo que
talk back to argue rudely with dice.
talk down to
She is unpopular because she often talks
down to people.
2) talk in a disdainful No es apreciada porque a menudo haba mal
way to de la gente.
pull out or remove Neil tore a page out and gave it to me.
tear out by tearing Neil arrancó una página y me la entregó.
150
destroy by tearing, She tore up her husband's letter.
tear up tear into pieces Hizo pedazos la carta de su marido.
151
You must tidy up your room before the visitor
arrives.
Tienes que ordenar la habitación antes que
tidy up put in order llegue el visitante.
152
them on Helen se probó el vestido nuevo pero no le
iba bien.
turn down
She turned the radio down when the
2) reduce or make telephone rang.
lower by turning (a Redujo el volumen de la radio cuando sonó el
switch, a faucet) teléfono.
153
cama doble.
usher into lead, conduct The maid ushered us into the modern living-
room.
154
La mucama nos condujo hasta la moderna
sala de estar
155
2) He warmed up when he saw his brother
again.
2) become more
Se reanimó cuando vio a su hermano
animated
nuevamente.
diminish, cease or
My toothache has now worn off.
wear off disappear gradually
Mi dolor de muelas ya ha desaparecido.
156
dormir.
wear out
1) My jacket is wearing out, although it is only
a year old.
1) gradually destroy
Mi chaqueta se está gastando aunque
by wearing or using
apenas tiene un año.
2) exhaust (separable
2) I felt worn out after the long flight to
but
Australia.
usually used in the
Me sentía agotado después del largo vuelo a
passive)
Australia
157
A town near Miami was wiped out by the
tornado.
Un pueblo próximo a Miami fue aniquilada
wipe out destroy, annihilate por el tornado.
158
El dictador despertó las emociones de la
multitud.
159
in writing his pen since 2000.
El novelista parece haber agotado sus ideas
porque nada nuevo ha salido de su pluma
desde el año 2000.
160
Phrasal verbs for business meetings
Ahora veremos otros phrsal verbs comunes para reuniones, en este caso planteamos un texto en
el que podrás enocntrarlos todos “encadenados”:
The date and time is set and they put it (= schedule it) in your diary.They need to bring forward
(=make it earlier) the time of the meeting to suit everyone.
They then get a call from a colleague to say that something has come up (=happened)and they
decide the meeting has to be put back (=postponed) to another day. No problem. In a way they’re
quite relieved because they have a mountain of things to do and they were worried that they might
have had to call off (=cancel) the meeting anyway.
During the meeting, they have a number of issues they need to raise and deal with (=manage).
They may have outlined the items in an agenda that they’ve circulated to everyone beforehand.
With some issues, they may have to weigh up (=think carefully about) their advantages and
disadvantages before taking action. This could take a while and they might encourage their
colleagues to join in (=participate) the discussion.
Sometimes they need to look into (=to investigate/research) a matter before taking a final decision.
If that’s the case, they might note down (=write) all the points raised during the meeting to help
themselves.
Some people don’t like to be interrupted when they’re talking, while others don’t mind if
someone steps in (=interrupt) with their point of view. I have had times when I’ve had to cut in
(=interrupt) especially when I thought that a colleague was going on (=continuing without
stopping) about something truly unimportant.
There is always someone in a meeting who just keeps rabbiting on (=talking too much about
something that’s uninteresting) about some subject that no one else is interested in. So, I often tell
my colleagues that we need to press on (=continue) with the other items in the agenda. After all,
there’s nothing worse than having a meeting that drags on (=continues for far too long), is there?!
161
Modals verbs
1) can
Use Examples
ability to do sth. in the present
I can speak English.
(substitute form: to be able to)
permission to do sth. in the present
Can I go to the cinema?
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
request Can you wait a moment, please?
offer I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
Can we visit Grandma at the
suggestion
weekend?
possibility It can get very hot in Arizona.
2) could
Use Examples
ability to do sth. in the past (substitute
I could speak English.
form: to be able to)
permission to do sth. in the past
I could go to the cinema.
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
polite question * Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request * Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer * I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
Could we visit Grandma at the
polite suggestion *
weekend?
possibility * It could get very hot in Montana.
3) may
Use Examples
possibility It may rain today.
permission to do sth. in the present
May I go to the cinema?
(substitute form: to be allowed to)
162
polite suggestion May I help you?
4) might
Use Examples
possibility (less possible than may) * It might rain today.
hesitant offer * Might I help you?
5) must
Use Examples
force, necessity (=HAVE TO) I must go to the supermarket today.
Possibility You must be tired.
You must see the new film with Brad
advice, recommendation
Pitt.
Use Examples
You mustn't work on dad's computer.
prohibition
You may not work on dad's computer.
7) need not
Use Examples
I needn't go to the supermarket, we're
not necessary (= HAVE TO)
going to the restaurant tonight.
8) ought to
Use Examples
You ought to drive carefully in bad
advice
weather.
You ought to switch off the light when
obligation
you leave the room.
163
Use Examples
suggestion Shall I carry your bag?
10) should
Use Examples
You should drive carefully in bad
advice
weather.
You should switch off the light when
obligation
you leave the room.
11) will
Use Examples
wish, request, demand, order (less
Will you please shut the door?
polite than would)
prediction, assumption I think it will rain on Friday.
promise I will stop smoking.
Can somebody drive me to the
spontaneous decision
station? - I will.
She's strange, she'll sit for hours
habits
without talking.
12) would
Use Examples
wish, request (more polite than will) Would you shut the door, please?
Sometimes he would bring me some
habits in the past
flowers.
164
P er f ec t M od al V er b s
past situation
might have
______
Her mother might have
put mustard on her
might not have
sandwich. She hopes
_____ not.
past possibility
165
something
probably
happened in the
past.
166
All modal perfect auxiliary verbs refer to the past.
Jane wasn't feeling well yesterday. She must have caught a cold.
Bill didn't answer the phone when I called him. He must have fallen
asleep.
2. can't have done = we are almost sure something did not happen in the past
She can't have forgotten to send you an invitation. I gave her your
address.
They can't have gone to bed late. They were very tired.
Laura hasn't arrived yet. She may/might/could have missed the bus.
I didn't see Paul at work. He may/might/could have been ill.
4. could have done = we had the ability to do something in the past but did not
do it.
5. should have / ought to have done = (a) it was the right thing to do but we
didn't do it. (b) we expected something to happen but it didn't.
They would have emailed you but the Internet was down yesterday.
I would have bought that DVD but I didn't have enough money.
167
You needn't have gone to the supermarket. I've already done the
shopping.
The weather was warm and sunny. I needn't have taken an umbrella
168
169
ADJETIVOS EN INGLÉS
170
ASPECTO FÍSICO
Bold calvo, calva
Fat gordo
Handsome, good-looking, attractive guapo, guapa, atractivo, atractiva
Plump gordito
Slim esbelto
Strong fuerte
Tall alto, alta
Thin Delgado
Weak débil
PERSONALIDAD
absent-minded distraído
ambitious ambicioso
amusing divertido
anxious preocupado – inquieto
bad-tempered de mal genio
brave valiente
calm tranquilo
annoying pesado
argumentative discutidor
bad-tempered malhumorado
big-headed creído, engreído
bitchy de mala leche, venenoso;
brave valiente
cantankerous cascarrabias
carefree despreocupado
careless descuidado, poco cuidadoso
cautious prudente, cauteloso, cauto;
charming encantador
cheerful alegre
clever listo
crazy loco
cruel cruel
decisive decisivo
enthusiastic / entusiasta
friendly / amable
funny / divertido
generous / generoso
gentle / tierno – dulce
good-natured / bonachón
171
intelligent / inteligente
kind / amable
lazy / perezoso
mean / mezquino – agarrado
modest / modesto
nasty / sucio – obsceno
naughty / travieso – pícaro
nervous / nervioso
nice / simpático
optimistic / optimista
pessimistic / pesimista
polite / educado
quiet / tranquilo
rude / maleducado – grosero
self-confident / seguro de sí mismo
sensible / sensato
sensitive / sensible
serious / serio
shy / tímido
silly / tonto
stupid / estúpido
sweet / amable – dulce
well-behaved / de buen comportamiento
wicked / malvado, malo
charming encantador
cheerful alegre, jovial;
conceited, full of oneself presumido
conservative conservador
conventional convencional
cowardly cobarde
crazy, nuts loco, chiflado
cruel cruel
dull, boring soso, aburrido
flirtatious coqueta
friendly amigable, simpático, agradable
generous generoso
hard-working trabajador
honest honesto
kind amable
laid-back tranquilo, relajado
lazy- perezoso, vago
loyal fiel
172
mean tacaño
modest modesto
moody de humor cambiante
naive ingenuo, inocentón
narrow-minded, de mentalidad cerrada, intolerante
naughty malo, travieso (niños)
open-minded de actitud abierta, sin prejuicios
polite cortés, educado
proud orgulloso
quarrelsome discutidor
reliable fiable, confiable
self-confident, to be self-confident: seguro de sí mismo, tener confianza en sí
mismo
selfish egoísta
sensible sensato, prudente
sensitive sensible
shy - introverted tímido, vergonzoso - introvertido
strict estricto, severo, riguroso
stubborn terco, testarudo, tozudo
sympathetic comprensivo
talkative conversador, hablador
trustworthy digno de confianza
two-faced falso
weird raro, extraño
COLORES
black negro
gray gris
violet violeta
white blanco
green verde
orange naranja
red rojo
brown marrón
sky blue celeste
blue azul
yellow amarillo
pink rosa
purple púrpura
beige – beige
turquoise turquesa
173
TAMAÑO/MEDIDA
big grande
large grande
huge enorme
small pequeño
tiny diminuto
heavy pesado
light liviano
thick grueso
thin delgado
wide ancho
high elevado,alto
low bajo
tall alto
short bajo, corto
long largo
medium medio
narrow angosto
deep profundo
shallow superficial, poco profundo
broad – ancho
FORMA
square cuadrado
round redondo
rectangular rectangular
triangular triangular
oval oval
conical cónico
spherical esférico
cubical cúbico
cylindrical cilíndrico
straight recto
curved curvo
crooked torcido
broad ancho
narrow angosto
flat plano
steep empinado
hollow hueco
solid sólido
174
EDAD/TIEMPO
old viejo
young joven
new nuevo
modern modern
ancient antiguo
old anticuado
updated actualizado
outdated desactualizado
fast rápido
quick rápido
slow lento
senior mayor
junior muy joven,principiante
current actual
past pasado
future futuro
CLIMA
rainy lluvioso
stormy tormentoso
sunny soleado
windy ventoso
snowy con nieve
damp húmedo
dry seco
icy con hielo
foggy con niebla
overcast nublado
cloudy nuboso
clear – despejado
mild – templado
chilly – frío
TEMPERATURA
freezing – helado
chilly frío
cold frío
cool fresco
lukewarm tibio
boiling hirviendo
muggy caluroso
175
hot caluroso
warm cálido
pleasant agradable
TEXTURA
hard duro
soft blando
rough áspero, rugoso
smooth suave
solid sólido
liquid líquido
wet mojado
dry seco
slippery resbaladizo
sticky pegajoso
even llano, liso
uneven desigual
sharp afilado
blunt desafilado
clean limpio
dirty sucio
tight apretado
loose holgado
MATERIALES
iron de hierro
steel de acero
rubber de goma
paper de papel
woolen de lana
plastic de plástico
stone de piedra
wooden de madera
glass de vidrio
leather de cuero
silver de plata
gold de oro
tin de lata
cotton - de algodón
FACIAL FEATURES RASGOS
176
she has a thin face tiene la/una cara delgada
chubby-cheeked mofletudo
spots/pimples Granos
Blackheads Espinillas
Moles Lunares
Warts Verrugas
Wrinkles Arugas
Acné Acné
177
hollow cheeks las mejillas hundidas
a dimple un hoyuelo
smooth-cheeked/smooth- Lampiño
faced
smooth-cheeked/smooth- Lampiño
faced
Frightened Asustado
Surprised sorprendido
NOSE = LA NARIZ
178
a turned-up/snub nose una nariz respingona
to blink pestañear/parpadear
179
crow's feet patas de gallo
a stye un orzuelo
mouth
180
HAIR = EL PELO/CABELLO
Streaks Mechones
Highlights mechitas/reflejos/claritos
a fringe un flequillo
181
a ponytail una cola
Bunches Coletas
a bun un moño
Fine Fino
Dry Seco
Dandruff la caspa
a hairdo un peinado
Sideburns Patillas
Bald Calvo
BUILD = COMPLEXIÓN
182
thin Delgado
Slim Esbelto
Fat Gordo
Chubby regordete/gordinflón/rellenito
Strong Fuerte
Weak Flojo
Short Bajo
Tall Alto
a hunchback un jorobado
183
PREFIJOS Y SUFIJOS
184
FORMACIÓN DE LOS ADJETIVOS, SUSTANTIVOS Y VERBOS: PREFIJOS Y
SUFIJOS
Los prefijos dis-, un-, in-, im-, il- e -ir se añaden a determinados adjetivos para
formar sus opuestos.
Credit (crédito) Discredit (desacreditar)
Fair (justo) unfair (injusto)
Numerable (contable) Innumerable
185
ADJETIVOS TERMINADOS EN -ED O -ING
Nos sentimos………..ED porque algo es….ING
Los adjetivos terminados en -ED se refieren a lo que el sujeto siente o
experimenta, mientras que los terminados en -ING describen el efecto que
produce el nombre al que acompaña
con cosas: siempre pones un adjetivo terminado en -ing
con personas si es una cualidad ( ser) adjetivo terminado en -ed
Si es algo temporal ( estar) adjetivo terminado en –ing.
SUFIJOS
•Sufijos que se añaden a verbos y nombres para indicar quién realiza la
acción.
ER: writer, runner...
OR: actor, director...
AR: beggar, liar...
ANT: informant, applicant...
IST: artist, typist...
EE (el que recibe la acción): employee,refugee
EER: mountaineer, engineer...
•Sufijos que se añaden a un verbo o adjetivos para formar un nombre .
1. -TION: attention, description...
186
2. -ATION: justification, information…
3. -ING: saving, mailing...
4. -AL: arrival, disposal...
5. -ITY: similarity, curiosity…
6. -ACY: accuracy, privacy…
ADJETIVOS VERBALES
-ED (participio de pasado como adjetivo verbal; sufre la acción del verbo):
bored, tired...
-ING (participio de presente como adjetivo verbal; causa la acción del verbo):
boring, tiring, loving…
187
-ment: Indica la acción o el resultado de algo. Ej: development, punishment. -
desarrollo, castigo.
-ant / -ent: Indica la persona o cosa que hace algo. Ej: assistant, student. -
asistente, estudiante.
-al: Indica un proceso o estado de algo. Ej. proposal, dismissal. - propuesta,
despido.
-ence / -ance: Indica acción o estado. Ej. assistance, preference - asistencia,
preferencia.
-ship: Indica estado, cualidad o habilidad. Ej: friendship, citizenship - amistad,
ciudadanía
-dom: Indica condición o estado. Ej: freedom – libertad
-cy: Estado o calidad de. Ej: urgency, efficiency - urgencia, eficiencia.
-ness: Estado o cualidad de. Ej: darkness, sadness - oscuridad, tristeza.
188
Wonderful (adjetivo: maravilloso)
Wonderfully (adverbio: maravillosamente)
Origin (sustantivo: origen)
Original (adjetivo: original)
Originally (adverbio: originalmente)
189
ment agreement, improvement, investment, payment, …
meter centimeter, kilometer, diameter, perimeter, …
ness darkness, greatness, madness, unhappiness, …
ocracy aristocracy, autocracy, democracy, theocracy, …
ony agony, antagony, harmony, irony, monotony, …
or actor, author, competitor, creator, debtor, …
ory laboratory, conservatory, oratory, reformatory, …
phone earphone, megaphone, microphone, telephone, …
scope kaleidoscope, microscope, telescope, periscope, …
ship championship, citizenship, dictatorship, friendship, …
sion conclusion, confusion, decision, explosion, …
th growth, wealth, death, health, depth, strength, …
tion adoption, connection, creation, inspiration, …
tude altitude, aptitude, attitude, longitude, magnitude, …
ty beauty, cruelty, honesty, loyalty, liberty, …
um auditorium, maximum, planetarium, stadium, …
ure adventure, culture, gesture, literature, …
us census, circus, exodus, status, stimulus, …
COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS
Grados de los Adjetivos
Los adjetivos tienen tres grados de comparación: Grado positivo, grado
comparativo, grado superlativo:
tall taller the tallest
alto más alto el más alto
big bigger the biggest
grande más grande el más grande
intelligent more intelligent the most intelligent
inteligente más inteligente el más inteligente
expensive more expensive the most expensive
caro más caro el más caro
Adjetivos Monosílabos - Formación del Comparativo y Superlativo
Monosílabos Comparativo Superlativo the +
adj + er est
small smaller the smallest
pequeño más pequeño el más pequeño
tall taller the tallest
alto más alto el más alto
190
young younger the youngest
joven más joven el más joven
old older the oldest
viejo más viejo el más viejo
new newer the newest
nuevo más nuevo el más nuevo
long longer the longest
largo más largo el más largo
short shorter the shortest
corto más corto el más corto
big bigger the biggest
grande más grande el más grande
fat fatter the fattest
gordo más gordo el más gordo
191
Adjetivos Largos - Formación del Comparativo y Superlativo
192
far farther the farthest
lejos más lejos el más lejano
far further the furthest
lejos más lejos el más lejano
*further también significa "adicional" > further information: información
adicional
ROPA DE HOMBRE
anorak - campera de esquiar
belt – cinturón
boots – botas
bow-tie - moño
briefs – calzoncillos
cap – gorra
cardigan - pulóver abierto
coat - abrigo
collar - cuello de camisa
cuff - puño de camisa
denim jacket - campera de jean
gloves - guantes
handkerchief - pañuelo de bolsillo
hat – sombrero
jacket - saco sport, chaqueta
jeans - pantalón vaquero
leather jacket - campera de cuero
neckerchief - pañuelo de cuello
overalls - mameluco, overol
overcoat - abrigo, sobretodo
pajamas - piyama
pants - pantalones
pullover - pulóver
raincoat - impermeable
scarf - bufanda
shirt - camisa
shoes – zapatos
shorts - pantalón corto
slacks - pantalones informales
slippers – pantuflas
sneakers - zapatillas
socks - calcetines, medias
sportswear - ropa deportiva
193
suit - traje de vestir
suspenders – tiradores
sweater - pulóver
sweatshirt - sudadera, buzo
swimming trunks - traje de baño, malla
T-shirt - camiseta, remera
tennis shoes - zapatillas deportivas
tie - corbata
trousers – pantalones
tuxedo - esmoquin
umbrella - paraguas
underpants - calzoncillos
undershirt - camiseta
underwear - ropa interior
vest - chaleco
wallet - billetera
ROPA DE MUJER
bag - bolso
bathrobe - bata de baño
belt – cinturón
beret - boina
bikini – bikini
blouse - blusa
boots - botas
bra - corpiño, sostén
bracelet - pulsera, brazalete
cloak - capa
coat - abrigo
corset (kórsit) - faja, corsé
dress - vestido
earring - aro, pendiente
fan - abanico
flip-flops - ojotas, chancletas
fur coat - saco de piel
garter belt - liguero
gloves - guantes
handkerchief - pañuelo de bolsillo
jeans - pantalones vaqueros
knickers - bragas, bombacha
lapel - solapa
leggings calzas deportivas
194
miniskirt - minifalda
neckerchief - pañuelo de cuello
necklace – collar
nightgown - camisón
pajamas – piyama
panties - bragas, bombacha
pullover - pullover
purse - cartera
raincoat - impermeable, gabardina
sandals – sandalias
scarf - bufanda
shawl - chal
shoes - zapatos
shorts - pantalón corto
skirt - falda
slip - combinación, enagua
slippers - pantuflas
socks - calcetines, medias
stockings - medias
sunglasses - gafas de sol
sweater - suéter
tennis shoes - zapatillas
tights - medias bombacha
trousers - pantalón
umbrella – paraguas
vest – chaleco
195
CONECTORES LINGÜÍSTICOS EN INGLÉS
POR CATEGORÍAS
Hablando sobre el presente, la actualidad
Hoy en día: Nowadays
Actualmente: Currently, at present, at the present time, now, these
days, in this day and age
Hablando sobre el pasado
Hace mucho tiempo: A long time ago
En la antiguedad: In ancient times
Hace poco tiempo: Not long ago
En tiempos pasados: In former times
Antiguamente: Formerly
En los viejos tiempos: In the old days
Dando un ejemplo o una razón adicional
Además: in addition, what’s more, besides, furthermore, moreover
Además de esto: Besides this
También: Also, besides
Es más: Moreover
Lo que es más: What’s more
Diciendo la verdad
Para decir la verdad, para ser sincero: To tell the truth
En realidad, a decir verdad: In fact
Realmente, en realidad: Actually*
*NOTA: Actually no debe confundirse con “actualmente”. Para tal fin es más
común utilizar los ejemplos del apartado 2.1.
Dando información en contra de las expectativas
Sin embargo, no obstante: However, nevertheless, all the same, still
Aún así: Even so
A pesar de que, a pesar de todo: notwithstanding, all the same, still,
regardless
Mostrando el lado positivo y negativo de un asunto
Afortunadamente, por fortuna: Fortunately, happily
Felizmente, alegremente: Happily
Desafortunadamente, desgraciadamente: Unfortunately, sadly
Tristemente: Sadly
Aportando similitudes y diferencias
Igualmente: Likewise
Del mismo modo: In the same way, similarly
Por otra parte, por otro lado: On the other hand, in contrast
De todos modos: Anyway
196
Declarando que algo es cierto o probablemente cierto
Obviamente, evidentemente: Obviously
Indudablemente: Undoubtedly
Seguramente: Surely
Verdaderamente, en realidad, en efecto: Indeed
Claramente, aparenetemente, al parecer: Apparently
Posiblemente: Possibly
Mostrando una conclusión, consecuencia o un resultado directo
Por lo tanto, por consiguiente: Therefore
Consecuentemente, por consiguiente: Consequently
En consecuencia, así: Thus, as a resultmás frases o dos palabras
dentro de la
no sooner...than... - apenas...cuando...
The baker had no sooner turned off the oven than the last customers arrived.
El panadero apenas había apagado el horno cuando llegaron los últimos
clientes.
197
We'd better leave right now or we'll miss our bus.
Es mejor que nos vayamos ahora o perderemos el autobús.
either...or... - o...o...
Either you shut your mouth and listen or you leave the class.
O te callas la boca y escuchas, o te vas de la clase.
neither...nor... - no...ni...
The musician neither played the piano well nor sang good songs.
El músico no tocó bien el piano ni cantó buenas canciones.
whether...or... - si...o...
We must decide whether to go there today or tomorrow.
Debemos decidir si ir allí hoy o mañana.
or else... - o sino...
We have to hurry up, or else we'll miss our bus.
Tenemos que apurarnos o de lo contrario perderemos el autobús.
whether - si
I don't know whether they will agree on that subject.
No sé si ellos estarán de acuerdo en ese tema.
198
as long as - siempre que, mientras
You can stay here as long as you work hard.
Te puedes quedar aquí mientras trabajes duro.
199
even if - incluso si
Even if he’s right, that doesn’t give him the right to be arrogant.
Incluso si él tiene razón, eso no le da el derecho de ser arrogante.
hence - de ahí
Frank was raised in a farm, hence his ability to ride horses.
Frank fue criado en una granja, de ahí su capacidad de montar a caballo.
200
He spoke clearly, but I didn't understand him.
Habló claramente pero no lo entendí
Los conectores casuales introducen causas a nivel del texto cuando una
oración cumple la función de ser causa de otra. Algunos conectores son: for,
because of, due to, since, as.
because - porque
The baby is crying because he is hungry.
El bebé está llorando porque tiene hambre.
for - porque
201
She turned on the lights, for she was afraid of the dark.
Encendió las luces porque tenía miedo a la oscuridad.
because of - debido a
They stayed in because of the bad weather.
Ellos se quedaron en casa debido al mal tiempo.
as...as - tan...como
not as...as - no tan..como
His car is as fast as mine.
Su auto es tan veloz como el mío.
They are not as good as you think.
Ellos no son tan buenos como tu piensas.
as if / as though - como si
They treat me as if they didn't know me.
Me tratan como si no me conocieran.
than - que
202
Learning English is more difficult than most people think.
Aprender inglés es más dificil que lo que la mayoría cree.
in order to - para
They left early in order to arrive in time for the movie.
Ellos salieron temprano para llegar a tiempo para la película.
moreover - además
Soccer is a good sport; moreover, it is very easy to learn.
El fútbol es un buen deporte; además es muy fácil aprenderlo.
furthermore - es más
I dont want stay here; furthermore, I have things to do.
No quiero quedarme aquí; además, tengo cosas que hacer.
besides - además
I don't want to sell my car; besides, I need it for my job.
No quiero vender mi auto; además lo necesito pra mi trabajo.
203
in addition to - además de
In addition to being a great person, the physician was an excellent
professional.
Además de ser una gran persona, el médico era un excelente profesional.
PREPOSICIONES
Es una partícula invariable que sirve para enlazar elementos sintácticos que
cumplen distintas funciones, principalmente, un sustantivo o equivalente, con
el que forma un complemento de otro sustantivo, o de un verbo, She is at
work, I´m go to home, the ball is under the table, etc. También puede decirse
que es la palabra que relaciona un nombre o un pronombre con otra palabra
de la que es complemento.
Por su forma, las preposiciones pueden ser propias e impropias. Las
preposiciones propias están constituidas por una sola palabra, son: of, in, at,
on, from, to, under, off, down, out, into, for, etc..
Las preposiciones impropias son adjetivos, adverbios y participios que
funcionan como preposiciones. Ejemplo: In front of, Next to, On top of, Out of,
etc.
Los valores y usos de las preposiciones son: movimiento, lugar y tiempo en
que sucede algo, proximidad en el espacio o tiempo, modo, distribución,
precio, situación, costumbre.
TIPOS DE PROPOSICIONES
MOVEMENT MOVIMIENTO
Along a lo largo de
(a)round alrededor de
204
in(to) en, dentro de
out of fuera de
To a, hacia
Under debajo de
Up Arriba
(a)round alrededor
At En
Before antes de
Behind detrás de
Below debajo de
Beside al lado de
In en, dentro de
Near cerca de
205
On Sobre
TIME TIEMPO
After después de
Before antes de
By para (fecha)
During durante
Since Desde
To Hasta
For Para
Of De
With Con
Without Sin
La preposición "in" se utiliza con meses, con las estaciones del año, con
periodos más largos de tiempo, y con algunas expresiones temporales que
se refieren a periodos del día (salvo con "night"):
In January I will buy a car
206
In the morning I like study
Entre otras preposiciones de tiempo que se utilizan en inglés
destacamos: Before, After, For, During, Since, From
La preposición "before" se utiliza para indicar que la acción se ha
desarrollado antes del momento indicado:
Finish your report before Sunday.
Mientras que la preposición "after" indica, por el contrario, que la
acción tiene lugar después del momento señalado:
After I went to Caracas, I started my studies.
La preposición "for" se utiliza para indicar la duración de una acción:
She studied in the university for 5 years.
"During" se utiliza, en cambio, para indicar el periodo de tiempo
durante el cual se desarrolla la acción:
During the summer, I like to play sports.
Con la preposición "since" se indica el comienzo de una acción que en
el momento de la oración aún no ha terminado:
PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR
En inglés se utilizan diversas preposiciones para referirse a un lugar; entre
las más frecuentes destacamos:
La preposición "in" indica dentro de un lugar:
I´m In my room
207
Hay expresiones muy usuales que se construyen con "on":
Turn on the left
PREPOSICIONES DE MOVIMIENTO
Con la preposición "from" se indica el punto de partida o el lugar de origen:
She is from Germany.
208
To go by bus
To go on the bicycle
209
VOZ ACTIVA VOZ PASIVA
210
PASSIVE VOICE FOR ALL TENSES RULES
211
212
Future Simple Tense (Passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will be
Active voice: Passive voice:
She will buy a car. A car will be bought by her.
213
Passive voice for Present/Future Modals
“MAY HAVE, MIGHT HAVE, SHOULD HAVE, MUST HAVE, OUGHT HAVE TO”
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: been
Active voice: MAY HAVE Passive voice: MAY HAVE BEEN
You may have availed the The opportunity may have been
opportunity. availed by you.
Active voice: MIGHT HAVE Passive voice: MIGHT HAVE BEEN
He might have eaten meal. Meal might have been eaten by him.
Passive voice: SHOULD HAVE BEEN
Active voice: SHOULD HAVE
The book should have been studied
You should have studied the book.
by you.
Active voice: MUST HAVE Passive voice: MUST HAVE BEEN
He must have started job. Job must have been started by you.
Passive voice: OUGHT TO HAVE
Active voice: OUGHT TO HAVE
BEEN
You ought to have helped him.
He ought to have been helped by you
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REPORTER SPEECH
El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser
palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia. A
continuación tienes una explicación de los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales.
A veces se usa "that" en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la
otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar "if" o "whether".
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTER SPEECH
Present Simple Past Simple
"He's American," she said. She said he was American.
"I'm happy to see you," Mary said. Mary said that she was happy to see me.
He asked, "Are you busy tonight?" He asked me if I was busy that night.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Dan is living in San Francisco," she said. She said Dan was living in San Francisco.
He said, "I'm making dinner." He told me that he was making dinner.
"Why are you working so hard?" they asked. They asked me why I was working so hard.
Past Simple Past Perfect Simple
He told me they had gone to the movies the
"We went to the movies last night," he said.
night before.
Greg said that he hadn't gone to work the day
"Greg said, "I didn't go to work yesterday."
before.
"Did you buy a new car?" she asked. She asked me if I had bought a new car.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Vicki told me she'd been working late the
"I was working late last night," Vicki said.
night before.
They said, "we weren't waiting long." They said that they hadn't been waitinglong.
" He asked, "were you sleeping when I
He asked if I'd been sleeping when he called.
called?"
Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
"Heather said, "I've already eaten." Heather told me that she'd already eaten.
"We haven't been to China," they said. They said they hadn't been to China.
I asked her whether she'd
"Have you worked here before?" I asked.
worked therebefore.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
"I've been studying English for two years,"he He said he'd been studying English for two
said. years.
" Steve said, "we've been dating for over a Steve told me that they'd been dating for over
year now." a year.
"Have you been waiting long?" they asked. They asked whether I'd been waiting long.
Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE)
He said that he'd been to Chicago before for
"I'd been to Chicago before for work," he said.
work.
Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE)
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She said, "I'd been dancing for years before She said she'd been dancing for years before
the accident." the accident.
Nota: Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado (que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo en el
futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal.
Ejemplos:
"I'm 30 years old," she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
Dave said, "Kelly is sick." → Dave said Kelly is sick.
"We are going to Tokyo next week," they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next
week.
"I'll cut my hair tomorrow," Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
Nota: Con "would", "could", "should", "might" y "ought to", el tiempo no cambia.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Will Would
"I'll go to the movies John said he would go to the
tomorrow," John said. movies the next day.
"Will you help me move?" she She asked me if I would help her
asked. move.
Can Could
Debra said, "Allen can Debra said Allen could work the
work tomorrow." next day.
"Can you open the window, He asked me if I could open the
please?", he asked. window.
Must Had to
"You must wear your My mom said I had to wear my
seatbelt," mom said. seatbelt.
She said, "You must She said I had to work the next
work tomorrow." day.
Shall Should
"Shall we go to the beach Tom asked if we should go to the
today?" Tom asked. beach that day.
"What shall we do tonight?" she She asked me what we should
asked. dothat night.
May Might/Could
Jane said, "I may not be in class Jane said she might not be in
tomorrow." classthe next day.
The boy asked. "May I use the
The boy asked if he could use the
bathroom, please?" the boy
bathroom.
asked.
Nota: A continuación tienes una tabla donde puedes observar los cambios que sufren las
expresiones de tiempo cuando usamos el estilo indirecto.
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Direct Speech Indirect Speech
today that day
tonight that night
this week/month/year that week/month/year
tomorrow the next day
the following
next week/month/year
week/month/year
the day before/the previous
yesterday
day
the day/month/year before o
last week/month/year the previous
day/month/year
now then/at that moment
here there
RELATIVE CLAUSES
We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without
starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text
becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.
How to Form Relative Clauses
Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a friend
whether he knows her. You could say:
A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?
That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative clause:
you put both pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the most important
thing – you want to know who the girl is.
Do you know the girl …
As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the
additional information – the girl is talking to Tom. Use the girl only in the first part of
the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun (for people, use
the relative pronoun who). So the final sentence is:
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
Relative Pronouns
relative
use example
pronoun
who subject or object pronoun for people I told you about the
woman who lives next door.
which subject or object pronoun for animals and Do you see the cat which is
things lying on the roof?
which referring to a whole sentence He couldn’t
read which surprised me.
whose possession for people animals and things Do you know the
boy whose mother is a nurse?
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whom object pronoun for people, especially in I was invited by the
non-defining relative clauses (in defining professor whom I met at the
relative clauses we colloquially preferwho) conference.
that subject or object pronoun for people, I don’t like the
animals and things in defining relative table that stands in the
clauses (who or which are also possible) kitchen.
Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?
Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who, which,
that are used for subject and object pronouns. You can, however, distinguish them
as follows:
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject
pronoun. Subject pronouns must always be used.
the apple which is lying on the table
If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the
relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining
relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses.
the apple (which) George lay on the table
Relative Adverbs
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This
often makes the sentence easier to understand.
This is the shop in which I bought my bike.
This is the shop where I bought my bike.
relative
meaning use example
adverb
when in/on which refers to a time expression the day when we met him
where in/at which refers to a place the place where we met him
why for which refers to a reason the reason why we met him
Defining Relative Clauses
Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive
relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression.
Defining relative clauses are not put in commas.
Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls. One girl is talking to Tom and you ask
somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause defines which of the
five girls you mean.
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions.
A seaman is someone who works on a ship.
Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped. (Sentences with a
relative clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.)
The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.
Non-Defining Relative Clauses
Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-
restrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not
define it. Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas.
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Imagine, Tom is in a room with only one girl. The two are talking to each other and
you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause is non-
defining because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean.
Do you know the girl, who is talking to Tom?
Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that.
Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used.
Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.
How to Shorten Relative Clauses?
Relative clauses with who, which, that as subject pronoun can be replaced with
a participle. This makes the sentence shorter and easier to understand.
I told you about the woman who lives next door. – I told you about the
woman living next door.
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? – Do you see the cat lying on the roof?
PALABRAS COMPUESTAS EN INGLÉS
Palabras con a
airport - aeropuerto
airline - aerolínea
anymore - no más
autobiography - autobiografía
Palabras con b
babysitter - niñera
backpack - mochila
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baseball - béisbol
basketball - baloncesto
bathtub - bañera
bedroom - dormitorio
birthday - cumpleaños
blackberry - mora
bookshop - librería
bookshelf - estantería
butterfly - mariposa
Palabras con c
cardboard - cartón
carpet - alfombra
caveman - cavernícola
chopstick - palillo
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copyright - con derechos de autor
courtyard - patio
cowboy - vaquero
crossword - crucigrama
cupboard - armario
Palabras con d
daytime - de día
dishwasher - lavaplatos
doorbell - timbre
download - descargar
dragonfly - libélula
drugstore - farmacia
Palabras con e
earphone - audífono
earthquake - terremoto
egocentric - egocéntrico
evergreen - perenne
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everybody - todo el mundo
eyelids - párpados
Palabras con f
fearsome - temeroso
fingernail - uña
firefighter - bombero
fireman - bombero
fireplace - chimenea
fisherman - pescador
football - fútbol
forehead - frente
foresee - prever
forget - olvidar
forgive - perdonar
friendship - amistad
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Palabras con g
gentleman - caballero
girlfriend - novia
godfather - padrino
goodbye - adios
grandfather - abuelo
grandmother - abuela
grasshopper - saltamontes
graveyard - cementerio
greenhouse - invernadero
grownup - adulto
Palabras con h
handout - repartir
handsome - guapo
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handwriting - letra (ej. "No entiendo lo que escribió Pablo, tiene muy mala letra")
harmless - inofensivo
headlight - faro
heartbeat - palpitación
highway - carretera
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housework - quehaceres del hogar
hummingbird - colibrí
hyperlink - hipervínculo
Palabras con i
inside - dentro de
internet - Internet
Palabras con j
joyless - infeliz
Palabras con k
keyboard - teclado
keychain - llavero
kickball - kickból
kilometers - kilómetros
Palabras con L
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landlord - casero, arrendador
landscape - paisaje
layoff - despido
leadership - liderazgo
leaflet - panfleto
leftovers - sobras
lighthouse - faro
likewise - asimismo
locksmith - cerrajero
locomotor - locomotora
lonesome - solitario
loudspeaker - altavoz
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lunchtime - hora del almuerzo
Palabras con M
mailbox - buzón
makeup - maquillaje
marketplace - mercado
maybe - talvez
meatball - albóndiga
megapixel - megapixel
microsecond - microsegundo
milkshake - malteada
mindblowing - impresionante
miniskirt - minifalda
minivan - minivan
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moreover - además, por otra parte
mothballs - pelusas
motorbike - motocicleta
mousetrap - ratonera
myself - mí mismo/a
Palabras con N
nearby - cerca
nearsighted - miope
necktie - corbata
network - red
newspaper - periódico
nickname - apodo
nightmare - pesadilla
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nighttime - de noche
nobody - nadie
northeast - noreste
northwest - noroeste
Palabras con O
online - en línea
outcome - resultado
outdated - obsoleto
outline - esbozar
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outside - afuera
outward - esterno
overact - sobreactuar
overcome - superar
overdo - sobrehacer
overdose - sobredosis
overestimate - sobreestimar
overrate - sobrevalorado
overweight - sobrepeso
Palabras con P
painless - indoloro
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paperclip - clip
paperwork - papeleo
partnership - asociación
passerby - transeúnte
peanuts - cacahuates
photocopy - fotocopia
photograph - fotografía
photosensitive - fotosensible
policeman - policía
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postman - cartero
printout - imprimir
pullover - suéter
Palabras con Q
Palabras con R
racetrack - circuito
radioactive - radioactivo
railway - ferrocarril
redhead - pelirojo/a
ringworm - tiña
roadrunner - correcaminos
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rollerskate - patin de ruedas
runaway - fugitivo
Palabras con S
sailboat - velero
salesman - vendedor
salesmen - vendedores
schoolbag - mochila
scoreboard - marcador
screenplay - guión
screenwriter - guionista
screwdriver - desatornillador
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seaweed - algas
shipwreck - naufragio
shortcut - atajo
skyscraper - rascacielos
slaughterhouse - matadero
sleepover - pijamada
sleepwalk - sonambulismo
smallpox - viruela
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snowman - hombre de nieve
someone - alguien
something - algo
somewhat - un poco
soundproof - insonorizado
spiderweb - telaraña
spokesperson - portavoz
sponsorship - patrocinio
sportsman - deportista
springboard - trampolín
staircase - escalera
stakeholder - interesado
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starlight - liz de las estrellas
stepbrother - hermanastro
stepfather - padrastro
stepmother - madrastra
stepsister - hermanastra
stereotype - estereotipo
stopwatch - cronómetro
strawberry - fresa
subtext - subtexto
suitcase - maleta
sunbath - broncearse
Sunday - domingo
sunflower - girasol
sunglasses - lentes
sunrise - amanecer
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suntan - bronceado
superhero - superhéroe
supernatural - sobrenatural
superpowers - superpoderes
Palabras con T
tablecloth - mantel
teacup - taza de te
teardrop - lágrima
thoughtless - desconsiderado
throughout - a lo largo de
throwaway - desechable
thunderstorm - tormenta
timetable - horario
tiptoe - ir de puntitas
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tombstone - tumba
Palabras con U
ultrasound - ultrasonido
underline - subrayar
understand - entender
undertake - asumir
upcoming - próximo
update - actualización
upfront - inicial
upgrade - actualizar
uppermost - superior
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upset - entristecer
Palabras con V
videocassette - videocasete
vineyard - viñedo
Palabras con W
warehouse - almacén
warfare - guerra
warlike - bélico
wastebasket - basurero
watchmen - vigilantes
waterfall - cascada
watermelon - sandía
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waterproof - a prueba de agua
whereabout - paradero
windbreaker - rompevientos
windmill - molino
windshield - parabrisas
witchcraft - brujería
without - sin
woodland - bosque
workbook - libreta
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worksheet - hoja de trabajo, hoja con ejercicios
workshop - taller
worldview - cosmovisión
Palabras con Y
yearbook - anuario
yourself - a ti mismo/a
Palabras con Z
zookeeper - guardián del zoológico
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