GUIDED BY :-

Dr. DIGVIJAY Kr.SINGH

HOD (DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)
NSIT, BIHTA

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SUBMITED BY:-

(1) AMRIT PRATYUSH ( 155077 )

(2) ABHISHEK PRASHAR ( 155089 )
(3) SURYA PRAKASH ( 155105 )
(4) ROUSHAN ROY ( 155075 )
(5) FARHAD AHMAD ( 155080 )
(6) JAYESH JHA ( 155113 )
  NAME OF THE PROJECT
 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF PILE RAFT FOUNDATION.

 STATEMENT ABOUT THE PROBLEM

 PROBLEM ON THE DESIGN OF PILE RAFT
FOUNDATION INCLUDE MOMENT AND SHEER FORCE ACTING ON RAFT ,DIFFERENTIAL
SETTLEMNENT ,MAXIMUM SETTELEMENT AND CAPACITY OF THE PILE AND RAFTS .
 NOTE THAT CONTRIBUTION OF RAFT IN THE PILED RAFT FOUNDATION IS NEGLECTED,
THROUGH IT’S CONTRIBUTING SIGNIFICANTLY .
 AS A RESULT , A NUMBER OF PILE INSTALLED IS LIKELY TO BE HIGH WHEN COMPARED
TO THE DEMAND .
 THE STUDY CARRIED OUT BY (HORIKOSHI AND RANDOLPH,1998) CONCLUDED THAT
TOTAL PILE CAPACITY SHOULD BE 40-70 % OF THE APPLIED LOAD .

 WHY THIS PARTICULAR TOPIC CHOOSEN.;-

 IN SITUATIONS WHERE A RAFT FOUNDATION ALONE DOES NOT SATISFY THE DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS ,IT MAY BE POSSIBLE TO ENHANCE THE PERFOMANCE OF THE RAFT
BY THE ADDITION OF PILES .
 THE USE OF A LIMITED NUMBER OF PILES , STRATEGICALLY LOCATED , MAY
IMPROVE BOTH THE ULTIMATE LOAD CAPACITY AND THE SETTLEMENT AND
DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT PERFORMANCE OF THE RAFT .

 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO ANALYZE THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE RAFT
FOUNDATION AND BY ADDING PILES , AS THE PILE RAFT FOUNDATIONS , UNDER
THE SAME LOADING .
 THE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS HAS BEEN DONE BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD USING
PLAXIS 2D WITH CONSIDERING THE VARIOUS NUMBER OF PILES.
 AS THE RESULT ,THE ADDITION OF PILES COULD REDUCE THE SETTLEMENT , BUT
AFTER REACH A CERTAIN NUMBER OF PILES ,INCREASING THE NUMBER OF PILES
SHOWED THE SETTLEMENT TENDS TO BE TO CONSTANT .
 FOR AN ECONOMIC DESIGN , IT IS NECESSARY TO CONSIDER THE OPTIMUM
NUMBER OF PILES IN PILED RAFT FOUNDATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE ALLOWABLE
SETTLEMENTS .

 METHODOLOGY :-
TWO DIMENSIONAL PLANE STRAIN ANALYSIS USING FINITE ELEMENTS SOFTWARE ANSY
TO FIND THE ULTIMATE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF A PILED RAFT
FOUNDATION.

 THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES ARE TAKEN FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PILE

AND MAT.

(1).YOUNG'S MODULUS (E),

(2). POISSON ‘S RATIO

(3). DENSITY FOR PILE AND RAFT .

 SOIL IS TREATED AS ELASTO-PLASTIC AND HAVING

THE LINEAR MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND PROPERTIES THAT DESCRIBE NON LINEAR
BEHAVIOUR ARE MATERIAL COHESION STRENGTH(C),ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION AND
FLOW ANGLE ARE EXPLAINED . FOR THE DESIGN OF PILE ,MATE AND UNDERGROUND SOIL
,PLANE82 IS USED AS THE TYPE OF ELEMENTS AND THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE ELEMENTS IS
TAKEN AS PLANE STRAIN BEHAVIOUR.

 THE INTERFACES BEHAVIOUR IS DESIGNED AS NON LINEAR BEHAVIOUR. THE

CONTACT CONTA 172 AND TARGET 169 AT SOIL PILE INTERFACES AND
SOIL RAFT INTERFACE FOR SOIL AND RAFT RESPECTIVELY PROVIDES
COMPLETE ANALYSIS. ON THE BOUNDARY CONDITION ,NODES WHICH
PRESENT IN BOTTOM OF THE SOIL ZONES IS FIXED
AGAINST MOVEMENT IN BOTH VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONS ON
THE OTHER WAY THE ZONE AWAY FROM FROM PILE
RAFT IS RESTRICTED ONLY AGAINST THE HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS. THE
HORIZONTAL BOUNDARY IS FIXED AT 5 TIMES THE WIDTH OF THE PILED RAFT
RAFTR CLUSTER AND THE VERTICAL BOUNDARY IS FIXED AT 3 TIMES THE
WIDTH OF THE PILED RAFT CLUSTER.

 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TO BE USED

 AXILTR
PROGRAM AXILTR, AXLAL LOAD-TRANSFER,CONSIST OF A MAIN ROUTINE AND
TWO SUBROUTINES THE MAIN ROUTINE FEEDS IN THE INPUT DATA ,
CALCULATES THE EFFECTIVE OVERBURDEN STRESS.
 ANALYSIS OF ROCKY ELEMENT – ROCKPALNE
IT IS A SOFTWARE TOOL FOR THE EVALUATION OF LOCALIZED INSTABILITY OF
ROCKY ELEMENTS AFFECTED BY SEISMIC MOVEMENTS WITHIN INTERSURFACE
FRACTUCRES .
  APILE
IT IS USED TO COMPUTE THE AXIAL CAPACITY , AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH ,OF A
DRIVEN PILE IN CLAY , SAND ,OR MIXED –SOIL PROFILES

 TESTING TECHNOLOGIES USED.

 THIS SECTIONS INCLUDE TWO PARTS

(1) STATIC LOAD TESTS
(2) DYNAMIC LOAD TESTS.

 WHAT CONTRIBUTION WOULD THE PROJECT MAKE

 RAFT FOUNDATIONS ENHANCED WITH DEEP FOUNDATIONS ELEMENTS

(TYPICALLY PILES ), SIMPLY KNOWN AS PILED RAFTS , WERE EXAMINED TO
DEVELOPED A MORE INTEGRATED , DISPLACEMENT –BASED , DESIGN
METHODOLOGY .
 PILED RAFT WERE ANALYZED USING SIMPLIFIED LINEAR ELASTIC AND NON
LINEAR PLANE STRAIN FINITE ELEMENT MODELS
 THE EFFECTS OF RAFT AND PILE GROUP SYSTEM GEOMETRIES AND PILE GROUP
COMPRESSION CAPACITY WERE EVALUATED ON THE AVERAGE AND
DIFFERENTIAL.