Berikut teks untuk menjawab nomor 1-5!

Text 1
The most common couses of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To undestand underwater
earthquakes, you must firs understand plate tecniics. The theory of plate tectonics suhhest that
thelithosphere. Ortop layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up
the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous layer called the atmosphere.
Think of pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot,sticky pie
filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the Earth, these plates are constantly in motion,
moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2,5-4 cm) per year. The movement occurs most
dramatically along falult lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing
earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they accur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible
sources of tsunamis.
When two plates come into contact ast a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate
can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction of ten leaves
enormous “handprints” in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases of
subduction, part of the seafloor connected tothe lighter plate may “snap up” suddenly due to pressure
from the sinking plate. This results in an earthquake. The focus of earthquake is the point within the
Earth where the rupture first occurs, rucks break and the first seismic waves are generated. The
epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus
When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with
tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water
upward above normal sea level. This is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the
December 26,2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale - one of the biggest in
recorded history.

1. Which of the following best states the topic of this text?

(A) The birth of tsunami
(B) The magnitude of tsunamis
(C) Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean
(D) Series of huge plates on earth
(E) Lithosphere and asthenosphere

2. The main idea of this text is that...

(A) Deep ocean trench is a result of an earthquake
(B) The energy of suduction cn lead to easrthquakes
(C) Plate tectonics leads to an earthquake and volcanism
(D) Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean are the biggest in the history
(E) Strong movements of undersea fault lines cause tsunami

3. Implied in the text is that the earthquake will never occur when....
(A) The subduction happens
(B) Seismic waves are generated
(C) There is no fault line of plate tectonics
(D) Heavier plates and lighter ones break up
(E) Deep ocean trenches are along the seafloor

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 4. Which of the following natural disasters happening in Indonesia is related to the fault movement of
plate tectonics?
(A) Volcanic eruptions
(B) Soil erosion
(C) Forest fires
(D) Landslides
(E) Floods

5. The following is mentioned in the text about tsunamis, EXCEPT that they are...
(A) Predictable following any incidence of earthquakes
(B) Clos to the rise of sea levels from the sinking plate
(C) Connected to deep ocean trenches along sea floors
(D) Related to strong movement of plate tectonics
(E) Highly linked to underwater earthquakes

Berikut teks untuk menjawab nomor 6-10!

Text 2
A spanish researcher and a praguayan scientist have presented the most complete
and detailed European study into the repertoire of sounds used by bottlenose dolphins
(Tursiops truncatus) to communicate. The study reveals the complexity and our lack of
understanding about the communication of these marine mammals.
5 Until now, the scientific community had thought that whistles were the main
sounds made by these mammals, and were unaware of the importance and use of burst
pulsed sounds. Researchers fom the Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute (BDRI), based
in Sardinia (Italy) have now shown that these sounds are vital to the animals social life
and mirror their behavior.
10 “Burst-pulsed sounds are used in the life of bottlenose dolphins to socialize and
maintain their position in the social hierarchy in order to prevent physical conflict, and
this also represents a significant energy saving.” Bruno Diaz, lead author of the study
and a researcher at the BDRI, which he also manages, said.
15 According to the experts, the tonal whistle sounds (the most melodious ones)
allow dolphins to stay in contact with each other (above all mothers and offspring) and to
coordinate hunting strategies. The burst-pulsed sounds (which are more complex and
varried than the whistles) are used “to avoid physical aggression in situation of high
excitement, such as when they are competing for the same piece of food, for example,”
explains Diaz. Accordingto Diaz, bottlenose dolphines make longer burst-pulsed sounds
20 when they are hunting and at times of high aggression: “these are what can be heard best
and over the longest period of time,” and make it possible for each individual to maintain
its position in the hierarchy.
25 The dolphins emit these strident sounds when in the presence of other individuals
moving towards the same prey. The “least dominant” one soon moves away in ordes to
avoid confrontation. “The surprising thing about these sounds is that they have a high
level of uni-directionality, unlike human sounds, one dolphin can send a sound to another
that it sees a competitor, and this one clearly knows it being addresed” explains the
spanish scientist.

6. The paragraph following the text most probably discusses...

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 (A) Dolphins most favorite preys
(B) “least dominant” dolphins’ eating habits
(C) Another kind of sounds made by dolphins
(D) The characteristics of burst-pulsed sounds
(E) Hunting dolphins’ use of sounds to communicate

7. Which of the following most likely restates the gist of paragraph 2?

(A) Bottlenose dolphins are effective communicators
(B) Burst-pulsed sounds are used by all kinds of dolphins
(C) Burst-pulsed sounds are vital for bottlenose dolphins
(D) Whistles and burst-pulsed sounds are intechangeable
(E) Whistles are vital for bottlenose dolphins to communicate

8. It can be inferred from the text that...

(A) Producing burst-pulsed sounds requires a lot of energy
(B) Whistles are more complicated that burst pulsed sounds
(C) Mother dolphins cannot make burst-pulsed sounds
(D) Bottlenose dolphins avoid physical friction
(E) Hierarchy is not vital for bottlenose dolphins

9. In organizing ideas in the text the writwe...

(A) List reasons why scientists were unaware of burst-pulsed sounds.
(B) Explains how different sounds are used by bottlenose do dolphins
(C) Compares similarities between burst-pulsed sounds with whistles
(D) Describes the unique characteristics of bottlenose dolphins
(E) Present examples of bottlenose dolphin’s sounds.

10. The word “these” in “these are what can be heard...” (line 20) refers to....
(A) Whistles
(B) High aggrssions
(C) Hunting dolphins
(D) Other individuals
(E) Burst-pulsed sounds.

Berikut teks untuk menjawab nomor 11-15!

Text 3
Text A
Self-control may be the secret to success according to a persuasive new study that involved
1.000 children from birth to age 32: children who showed early signs of self-mastery were not only
less likely to have developed addictions or commuitted a crime by adulthood, but were also healthier
and weathier than their more impulsive peers.
Problems surfacing in adolescence such as becominga drug addicted accounted for about half
of the bad autcomes associated with low self-control in childhood. Kids who scored goals or
performing tasks – for instance, becomeing easily frustrated, lacking persistance in reading roughly
three times more likely to wind up as poor, addicted, single parents, or to have multiple health
problems as adults, compared with children who behaved more conscientiously as early as age 3.

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 This is a great study mining a huge treasure trove of data to tease apart the relationships
among some really important factors that can determine the direction of our lives, “ says Martha
Farah, director of the Center for Neuroscience and Society AT THE University of Pennsylvania. “It
highlights how incredibly important self-control is.”

Text B
Interventions aimed at improving self-control and behaviors throughout childhood are now being
investigated, but so far, research has not identified a single best approach. The most effective
programs are small and tightly focused on increasing self-control itself-as opposed to fighting
bullying, drugs use, or other problem behaviors.
Intriguingly, about 7% of the children in Moffit’s study dramatically increased their own self-
control over the course of the research, suggesting that such change is possible. But researchers do
not know how or why this happened. “Perhaps some of them attended a school that stressed
achievement and provided structures. Perhaps some of them experienced changes in family life, such
as parents’ changing marital status that brought more structure into the child’s daily life. We do not
really know,” Moffitt says.
“We have deeply held cultural beliefs about self-control – the importance of thinking about
the future, persisting with the chores of life – which show up in fables like “The Ant and the
Grasshopper”, or “The Tortoise and the Hare,” says Moffitt.” This research shows that there is great
wisdom there - delaying gratification and hanging in are aspects of self-control that bring great
benefit.”
11. The best theme for these two texts would most likely be.....
(A) Emotion problems in adulthood due to lack of self control
(B) Self control in the childhood and its effect on adulthood
(C) Self control as one sffective factor and its reole in one’s life
(D) Self control as a source of a number of adult mental disorders
(E) Health welfare related to controlling one’s emotional states

12. Which of the following ideas reflects facts mentioned in the two texts?
(A) Moffitt’s study shows improvement of a few children’s self control.
(B) The study on self-control is considered to be of great significance
(C) The self-control study is impressive, innovative, and convincing
(D) Cultural beliefs in daily life have very much introduced self-control
(E) The results in Moffitt’s self-control study are believed to be interesting.

13. What the results of the studies mentioned in the two texts DO NOT conclude is that...
(A) Treatments to improve self control in childhood are possible
(B) The life in childhood and that adulthood affect each other
(C) Results of self-control studies provide a basis for interventions
(D) Causes of lack of ability to handle oneself in childhood mess up
(E) Mental welfare in childhood determines future life in adulthood

14. Based on the information in the two texts, in can be hypnothesized that....
(A) Adults’ failure in their marriage is related with unhappy childhood
(B) Mental welfare during childhood is the key to adults’ mental stated
(C) Children who manage themselves well tend to have brighter futures
(D) Unhealthy life in childhood leads to harsh violence in adulthood.

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 (E) Children who are emotional in childhood will be emotional in the future.

15. The difference of the two text in presenting the focus is that Text A emphasizes...
(A) Context for troublesome behaviors; Text B their examples
(B) Reasons for examining childhood; text B possible treatments
(C) Effect of adult misbehaviours; Text B Scientific studies on them
(D) Significance of studying self-control; Text B some research results
(E) Clarification of affective factors; Text B reasons for adult misbehaviors.