Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is an autonomous region of the Philippines, located in the Mindanao island
group of the Philippines, that consists of five predominantly Muslim provinces:
Basilan (except Isabela City)
Lanao del Sur
Maguindanao
Sulu
Tawi-Tawi
The first indication that he would soon be a formidable soldier was seen when he single-handedly killed a big and
ferocious crocodile that had killed several villagers. The villagers could not believe their eyes after the very short
struggle.
He is so strong! an old man blurted out upon seeing the dead crocodile.
How could a man so young as he is can kill a killer crocodile? He must be possessed by the gods! another villager said in
awe.
Come on, let's thank the prince for killing the beast! the chieftain of the place said to all the villagers.
As years passed, Prince Bantugan reached to his manhood, he became the kingdom's number one soldier. He always led
their soldiers to the battlefield. And he always triumphed over their kingdom's enemies. His name became a word of
the mouth among the soldiers of the neighboring kingdoms. Soon no kingdom ever dared to conquer or make war with
their kingdom. No one would want to fight him. Peace and progress reigned in their kingdom because they had gained
the respect and recognition of their neighbors.
When their father died of old age, his elder brother, Prince Madali was named the new king. There were silent protests
among the ranks and their people. They wanted Prince Bantugan to be the new king. Even the ordinary people were
one in saying that Prince Bantugan was the better choice between the two princes.
Prince Bantugan is brave and strong. He can really protect us from our enemies! an old woman in the marketplace said
to her listeners.
This did not bother Prince Bantugan. He knew that his brother was the legal heir to the throne because Prince Madali
was the first sibling. He even vouched for his brother.
My brother deserves to be our new king because he had studied how to run the government, he told his fellow soldiers
and the ministers of the kingdom. He knows how to deal with foreign relations. And he has several good ideas on how
we can improve the life of everyone!
The ministers and the soldiers just nodded in agreement. However, a rift ensued between Prince Bantugan and King
Madali. Because Prince Bantugan was not only brave and strong but very handsome too, several beautiful and young
women in the kingdom fell in love for him, even the women whom his brother, King Madali, wanted for himself,
surrendered themselves under Prince Bantugan's charm. Enraged and envious, King Madali proclaimed an order.
I don't want anybody talking to my brother, Prince Bantugan. Anyone who is seen talking to him will be put in jail or be
punished severely.
Prince Bantugan felt sad at his brother's order. He found himself like a person with communicable disease. Everyone
was staying away from him, even his women. Even the people he loved. No one wanted to talk to him for fear of being
jailed or severely punished by the king. Unable to contain his grief, he decided one day to leave the kingdom and settled
to a faraway land where he spent the rest of his life.
Sultanate of Lanao
Main article: Sultanate of Lanao
Lanao was first explored by the Spaniards in 1689, upon which they discovered a well-settled community named Dansalan
at the lake's northern end. Lanao was the seat of the Sultanate of Lanao.[4]
During the Pre-Spanish time, there are 4 important boundaries hold the power of appointing a new sultan namely:
Bakayawan, Dalama, Madamba and Sawer. In appointing a new sultan the permission of these four boundaries are
needed to validate the new sultan appointed to his position.
World War II
In 1942, it was occupied by the Japanese Imperial Forces who landed in Southern Lanao. On May 2, 1942, the former
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Jose Abad Santos was killed by the Japanese Imperial forces in a
firing squad at Malabang, Lanao del Sur. In 1945, the first of the liberation forces landed in Southern Lanao and liberated
the area with United States, Philippine Commonwealth troops together with the Maranao guerrilla units.[further
explanation needed] They used infantry weapons, the Maranao Kris, Barong and Kampilan swords against the Japanese
forces in the Battle of Lanao.
In 1956, Republic Act No. 1552 changed the name Dansalan to Marawi, taken from the word rawi, referring to the
reclining lilies abundant in the Agus River.
Division
In 1959, Lanao was divided into two provinces, Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur, under Republic Act No. 2228. Marawi
was designated as the capital of Lanao del Sur. The city was renamed the "Islamic City of Marawi" in 1980, and is currently
the Philippines' only city having a predominantly Muslim population.
predominantly Muslim population.[4]
The Battle of Marawi began and ended in 2017. The battle was against ISIL-affiliated militants, a number of which where
Malaysian citizens. The battle destroyed most of the cityscape of Marawi City and killed hundreds of civilians and Filipino
soldiers.
A petition was released in support for the usage of the torogan as inspiration for the rehabilation of Marawi after the
Battle of Marawi. The petition was released in opposition to the possible Manila Rehabilation Effect that the government
plans to impose. The Manila-style rehabilation would establish shanty shouses and buildings without Maranao
architectural styles, thus destroying Marawi's Maranao cultural skyline. The petition advocates a Warsaw-style
Rehabilation Effect, where the culture and styles of a particular area is used as foundation for rehabilitation of built
heritage and landscape. Among the local architectural styles that may be used under the Warsaw-style are the okir,
sarimanok, and inspirations from the torogan. The Warsaw-style is also foreseen to boost tourism in the city in the long-
run due to the cultural aesthetics it would bring.
The town of Tugaya is also recognized as a UNESCO Home for Culture and Heritage because the Craftsmanship of
the people of Tugaya kept their art alive.
A 5th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a
population of 23,814 people.
tapestry weaving
bronze vessels
instruments
decorative items
wood-carving
metalwork
Silver-gold-smiting
Maranao art is very distinctive. From this community come the artisans called upon to decorate major forms of
architecture in the traditional manner. Their textile weaving includes the traditional Southeast Asian back-strap
loom weaving, utilizing native decorative motifs. Laborious, expert needle-weaving produces the complex
"langkit" panels which are incorporated into the traditional Maranao garment, the "malong landap". Foundries
employ the cire perdue or "lost wax" method to produce various types of bronze or brass products which follow
traditional forms, such as the "gador" (a pair of ornate brass urns). Metal forging uses the traditional Southeast
Asian double-bellows forge, and employs traditional tools. Other forms of metalwork include hand shaping and
pounding of metal sheets, a laborious method which transforms flat metal sheets into sturdy, solid metal
Maranao kulintang ensemble gong instruments, including "gandingan" and "agong". Woodworking includes
manufacture of decorative objects, ornate furniture such as the traditional storage chest "baul", musical
instruments such as the large drum "dadabuan", and ceremonial 12-foot-tall Maranao drums (such as were used
for the adhan in the 1800s). Carved and painted wood products also feature the distinctive okir decorative
motifs.
Additional, Maranaos are the largest manufacturers of brassware in the Philippines. The brass artisans of Tuguya
are utilizing scraps recovered from the bomb casings and ammunition shells of the Second World War. These are
melted in a crude crucible made of a mixture of clay and charcoal and poured into a clay-mould between which is
a wax designed. In other words, the manufacturer of brassware utilizes a technique called the "lost wax process."
The designs (okir) on the brassware are basically the same as those on carved wood. The carver’s tools are few
and very crude when compared with modern carving tools. The basic ones are the curved knife (nawi), the chisel
(panasang), the axe (patok), and the charcoal of pencil for lining. For coloring, if this is desired (as is usual for the
musical instrument rack, the langkogan or kulintang), plant dyes are used, although chemical dyes are becoming
popular nowadays. Maranao man-made mats and cloth are decorated in flamboyant colors. They also weave
bags, centerpieces, placemats, and unique neckties.
Maranao Art
The pairaan is a rich sample of Maranaw art. It not only illustrates the dichotomy of artistic inclinations according
to sexes but at the same time blends these two dichotomous inclinations (i.e. the geometric-angular designs of
women as against the curvilinear-smooth designs of men) into one coherent whole. And, inasmuch as the fern
like covered is interpreted as symbolic of the "tree-of-life" in heaven, there is in the pairaan also an indication of
the interconnectedness of the Maranaw art with mythical and other folkloric beliefs.
Trivia:
The carving of wood, horn, and ivory, like brass manufacture, is a man's work. Yet, while almost every male in
Lanao has some knowledge of this art, only those who has undergone a certain ritual eventually engage in it. The
ritual is performed in honor of Tominaman sa Rogon, the mythical patron of art, and this involves a blood-letting
ceremony in which a chicken is butchered and its blood sprinkled on the hands and tools of the would-be carver.
The municipality, also known as Togaya, is known as the Industrial Capital of Lanao del Sur due to its Maranao crafts which
includes gongs, drums, musical instruments, weaves, baskets, and metalwares, among others. It is also distinguished as a
'UNESCO Home for Culture and Heritage'.
Furthermore, scholars have been pushing for the inclusion of the Torogans of Lanao in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Two torogans are currently being campaigned to be put back in Lanao del Sur as they have been moved to Bataan,
1,644.1 km away via land-sea transport, by the controversial Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar company.
Music
Traditional Maranao music is old yet affluent. It is poignant, unveils subdued emotions. The rhythm is eccentric and such
cadence fills customary gatherings in every Maranao Festivities.
Kapagonor sa Kolintang
Specifically played by a Lady whom is adept in chanting and meticulous in thudding of Kolintang and has the discipline to
lead an Ensemble of musicians, other who plays AGONG and the one on DUBAKAN to complete that distinct melody.
Kambayok
Is chanting of poetic verses with a theme revolving in a festivity being celebrated, it can only be done by someone who is
well versed to narrate historical origin and geneology. Kambayok highlights the contribution of remarkable people and the
significance of historical events that has craft the Maranao culture to its best. This session is called Kambayoka.
Kapangobing
Is the traditional means of expressing one’s love and adoration to someone, reciprocated or not it is the acceptable
means of customary courtship in Maranao. It is perfomred through a Flute like instrument made of bamboo.
Kandarangen
Is about the epic tale “Darangen” reliving the immortal life of Bantogen, his death and his resurrection comprised with
politics highlighted with courtship, love and sacrifices, a valor in his finest, a depiction interpreted through singing and
dance, stories and aesthetics derived from truly a wealth of knowledge.
Dances
The Maranao Traditional dance like its music is inspired from the Maranao eic Tale “Darangen”. It is important to most
ceremonies and celebration in Maranao festivities, it gratifies the expression of how nature and historic events has
evolved the Maranao custom. This art of dancing is unconventional. A prehistoric marvel of entertainment. How it must
be interpreted requires grace and spectacle, because unfolding of Moro heriage is enthralling and nostalgic.
Kaganat sa Darangen
Is the most aristocratic of the Maranao traditional dances, should be performed by someone who has the aptitude to
move theatrical. Mere movement of fingers to switching of fans and graceful swaying of the hips all to deine the obstacle
Prince Lomna encountered as he fought beast mountain when he proposed marriage on his fathers’ behalf in
Guindolongan.
Kasagyan
Is inspired from the epic Darangen. The enactment of hero Bantogen as he prepare himself for battle against his enemis.
All the movements of a warrior are illustrated in this particular combative dance, the mere holding of the Kampilan
armored with shield. The intense yet graceful expression of the dance demonstrates discipline and gallantr, a display of
suppressed emotion hungers for victory.
Kasayaw sa singkil
Is a ritual performed by the princess, to show here agility as she becomes a woman confirming her aptness. Dancing
singkil is hopping and stepping pattern with graceful hand and body movement, all to tell a story. It is danced with
accompaniment of bamboo poles clicking and beatin, it recounts the fateful story of Princess Gandingan who was caught
in the forest during an earthquake caused by the Diwatas. The crisscrossed clicking bamboo poles represents the vines
and trees she gracefully eluded away from.
Kapmalo-malong
Is the maranao dance that illustrates different ways of wearing malong, a functional tubular skirt intricately weaved worn
to special occasions. The dance highlights Malong’s colorful designs as it is elegantly worn by both men and women.
Places and Land Markslanao
Battle of Ramitan
The Battle of Ramitanwas a bloody fight between Sultan Kudaratand General HurradoSebastian de Carcuera and his
Spanish troops on March 16, 1637. In order to preserve the memory brought by the war, the town folks of
Picong(formerly known as Sultan Gumander) of Lanaodel Sur have built historic monument at BagumbayanBeach marking
the place as the landing site of the Spaniards when they invaded the province.
Capitol Complex
Lanao Del Sur Capitol Complex
The New Capitol Complex is the seat of Lanaodel Sur Provincial Government. It houses spacious buildings, gymnasium,
fitness gym, badminton courts, lawn tennis and basketball courts, gazebos and a canteen. The serene presence of the
Mosque inside the complex represents strong faith of the people here. Comfortably located at BuadiSacayo, MarawiCity.
Kuta Aragasi
Rising right at the place where local warriors led by DianatunNaimfought against foreign troops is the historical landmark
of KutaAragasilocated in the Municipality of Butig. In the present times, the place is a venue of activities commemorating
heroism demonstrated by the warriors. The descendants of DianatunNaimare glad to welcome visitors and share with
them the heroic tale of the latter’s grandfather. Antique weapons and wardrobes used by the warriors are also available
for private viewing.
Mala a Balt
These two pristine islets are perfect for adventure lovers. The islets can be reached through 15-minute motorboat ride
coming from the lakeshore of Municipality of Binidayanwhere Mala a Baltis closer in distance. The beauty of this virgin
forest-island in the heart of the lake is great for outdoor experience.
Male a Balt
Aga Khan Museum
aga-khan-2
Situated inside the MSU Camus, Aga Khan Museum displays exhibits that are related to the culture of Maranao. It also
features wide collection of various arts and crafts including weapons, musical instruments and photographs of Mindanao
culture and tradition. The Museum is open to everyone for free on weekdays from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm and perfect for
articrafts enthusiasts.
Torogan
century-old-torogan-marawi-city-lds
Torogan literally means “sleeping place” in Maranao language. For the Maranaos, it is the house of the ruling Sultan and
Datu. It also serves as the community center for both decision-making and social gatrhing of a Sultanate. Torogan is
known for its distinct decorative “okir” and “panolong” on its facade. Supported by four “takad” or beams of such
hardwood as narra and mahogany, the structure of the Torogan is truly symbolic in nature
Mosque
A place of worship among Muslims. It has been an enduring symbol of Islamic faith among Maranaos in the province.
Mosque is also known in its arabic term as “masjid” and in Maranao as “masgit”.
Mosques stand along different places surrounding Lake Lanao. The grandeur of its architectural style were influenced by
Arab-Indian design. Yet with all its beautiful exterior, mosques will always be an abode of spirtual rejuvenation and mental
enlightenment for the faithful.
Traditional Sports
Kanggarotaya
Traditionally this sport pits against two teams to settle differences on a certain issue. It is the proper venue to show
gentleman’s courageous display of agility and strength. This is the Maranao version of tug of war.
Kangalawanga
This game is played by boys and girls, in mixed teams. The game is prepared on the ground by drawing a rectangular
field using either water, stick and charcoal on the ground to define the boundary. It’s a street game which requires
members of a particular team to cross safely when all trapped in a marked line of which opponent is positioned to
hindered anyone to pass through. The game is played outdoor at any time of the day and night when the moon is out.
Kasipa sa Manggis
A game of skills consists of players, the aim of which is hit to drop a suspended cube or light material by kicking a rattan
ball. It is usually played at a Datu’s greensward where players try to outdo one another. Whoever hits the manggis and
drop it gets a price.
Kakhoya/Kapalalagoy
This traditional game is purposely to outrun one another in a given distance to where big prize awaits. Customarily the
game is prepared for men, it highlights agility and fun.
Kasato
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard introduced in the 16th century and later adopted by the
Maranaos customizing it with characters found in the Maranao traditional designs like Okir. How to play it is alike from
the contemporary chess enjoyed these days.
Maranao language
Area where Maranao is spoken
Maranao (Mëranaw [ˈmәranaw])[3] is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of
Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur in the Philippines, and in Sabah, Malaysia.
Unique among other Danao languages, Maranaoan is spoken with a distinct downstep accent, as opposed to stress
accent.
Distribution
Maranao is spoken in the following areas (Ethnologue).
Lanao del Sur
Lanao del Norte
northwestern Maguindanao
northwestern Cotabato
northwestern Bukidnon
Iranun language
The Iranun language also Iranon, Illanun is an Austronesian language belonging to the Danao languages spoken in the
provinces of Maguindanao and other part of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte and Cotabato in southern Philippines
and the Malaysian state of Sabah. It is the second most spoken language in Maguindanao after the Maguindanao
language.