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Allowable Bearing at Bolt Holes for Steel Allowable Bearing at Bolt Holes for Aluminum
On the projected area of fasteners in shear connections For Standard round holes:
with the end distance in the line of force not less than 1.5 Fby
nominal diameter, D, and the distance center to center of Fb =
1.65
fasteners not less than 3D:
Where: Fb = Allowable Bearing Stress
In standard or short-slotted holes with two or more Fby = Minimum Bearing Yield Stress
fasteners in the line of force: 1.65 = Safety Factor
Fb = 1.2Fu EQUATION 10
Where: Fb = Allowable Bearing Stress
Fu = Ultimate Tensile Stress This value shall be used for a ratio of edge distance to
EQUATION 7 hole diameter of 2 or greater. For smaller ratios this
allowable stress shall be multiplied by the ratio:
In long-slotted holes with the axis of the slot Edge Distance
perpendicular to the direction of the load and with two or 2 (Hole Diameter)
more fasteners in the line of force: Edge distance is the distance from the center of the
Fb = 1.0Fu fastener to the edge of the material in the direction of the
EQUATION 8 applied load. Edge distance shall not be less than 1.5D.
On the projected area of the fastener closest to the edge in For slotted holes:
standard or short-slotted holes with the edge distance less Fby
than 1.5D and in all connections with a single fastener in Fb =
2.48
the line of force:
Fu EQUATION 11
Fb = (Le) ^ Fu
2D
This allowable stress is equal to 2/3 of the allowable
EQUATION 9 bearing stress on fasteners in standard round holes.
Where Le = Distance from the free edge to the centerline Minimum Spacing for Aluminum
of the fastener. Minimum distance between bolt centers shall be 2-1/2
times the nominal bolt diameter.
If 1.2Fu is the desired bearing stress for a single fastener
in the line of force, then Le must not be less than 2.4D. Minimum Edge Distance for Aluminum
The distance from the center of the bolt to the edge of the
Minimum Spacing for Steel sheet or shape toward which the pressure is directed shall
Along a line of transmitted forces, the distance between be twice the nominal diameter of the bolt when stress is
centers of standard holes shall be not less than 3D when computed by Equation 10 or 11.
Fb is determined by Equations 7 or 8.
For further information on bearing loads, spacing and
Minimum Edge Distance for Steel edge distances reference should be made to Section 5,
Along a line of transmitted force, with two or more 'Mechanical Connections,' of The Aluminum
fasteners in the direction of the force, the distance from Association's Publication #30, "Specifications for
the center of a standard hole to the edge of the connected Aluminum Structures," Fifth Edition. Allowable bearing
part shall be not less than 1.5D when Fb is determined by stresses for a number of aluminum alloys will be found in
Equations 7 or 8. Table 5.1.1a of this section.
1 1 d + 1 by d + 1 d + 1 by 1 d
<1/2 d+ d+ 2-2
32 16 32 4 32 2
1 1 d + 1 by d + 1 d + 1 by 1
_ d+ d+ 2-2 d
16 8 16 4 16 2
TABLE 1
Standard holes shall be used in bolted connections, except that oversized and slotted holes may be used as approved by the
designer. The length of slotted holes shall be normal to the direction of the shear load. Washers or back-up plates shall be
installed over oversized or short-slotted holes in an outer ply unless suitable performance is demonstrated by load tests in
accordance with Section F of AISI specification entitled, "Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members," August 19,
1986 Edition.
A
Minimum values except where shown as maximum or as a range.
B
Legend of conditions:
A -
Machined from annealed or solution annealed stock thus retaining the properties of the original material.
AF -
Headed and rolled from annealed stock and then reannealed
AH -
Solution annealed and age hardened after forming
CW -
Headed and rolled from annealed stock thus acquiring a degree of cold work; sizes 0.75 in. and larger may be hot
worked
H - Hardened and tempered at 565°C (1050°F) minimum
HT - Hardened and tempered at 274°C (525°F) minimum
SH - Machined from strain hardened stock
C
Yield strength is stress at which an offset of 0.2% gage length occurs.
D
The yield and tensile strength values for full-size products shall be computed by dividing the yield and maximum tensile
load values, as determined in pounds of applied load by testing in accordance with ASTM F 606, by the stress area for the
product size and thread series (Tables 1, 2 and 3, pages A-30, A-31 and A-32.)
E
To compute tensile and yield strengths in pounds, multiply the stress (ksi) by the stress area for the product size and thread
series (Tables 1, 2 and 3, pages A-30, A-31 and A-32).
NOTE: The load tables for stainless steel are based on the tensile and yield strengths given above for full-size tests.
This table is reproduced with permission from ASTM and IFI "Fastener Standards," 6th Edition. IFI