UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

PROGRAMA ÚNICO DE ESPECIALIZACIONES DE INGENIERÍA

1
1 𝑚 2 𝑝0 2 𝑚
𝑎. 𝑀 = +𝑚 +𝑠 −
2 4 𝜎𝑐 8
−𝑚
𝑏. 𝐷 = 1
𝑚 2
𝑚+4 𝑝 − 𝑀𝜎𝑐 + 𝑠
𝜎𝑐 0
1
𝑝0 − 𝑀𝜎𝑐 𝑠𝑟 2
𝑐. 𝑁 = 2 +
𝑚𝑟 𝜎𝑐 𝑚𝑟 2
𝑑. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑖 > 𝑝0 − 𝑀𝜎𝑐 , 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡ú𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙á𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝑢𝑖 1+𝜈
= 𝑝0 − 𝑝𝑖
𝑟𝑖0 𝐸
𝑒. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑖 < 𝑝0 − 𝑀𝜎𝑐 , 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑙á𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡ú𝑛𝑒𝑙
𝑢𝑒 1+𝜈
= 𝑀𝜎𝑐
𝑟𝑒 𝐸
1
𝑝𝑖 𝑠 2
𝑟𝑒 𝑁−2 + 𝑟
𝑚 𝑟 𝜎𝑐 𝑚 𝑟 2
𝑓. =𝑒
𝑟𝑖

𝑔. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖 < 3 ∶ 𝑅 = 2𝐷 ln 𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖

ℎ. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖 > 3 ∶ 𝑅 = 1.1𝐷

2
2 𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖
𝑖. 𝑒𝑎𝑣 =
1
𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖 − 1 1 +
𝑅
𝑢𝑒 2
𝑗. 𝐴 = 2 − 𝑒𝑎𝑣 𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖
𝑟𝑒
1
𝑢𝑖 1 − 𝑒𝑎𝑣 2
𝑘. =1−
𝑟𝑖0 1+𝐴
𝑢𝑖 𝑝𝑖 + 𝛾𝑟 𝑟𝑒 − 𝑟𝑖
𝑙. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡ú𝑛𝑒𝑙, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎
𝑟𝑖0 𝑝0
𝑢𝑖 𝑝𝑖
𝑚. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡ú𝑛𝑒𝑙, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎
𝑟𝑖0 𝑝0
𝑢𝑖 𝑝𝑖 − 𝛾𝑟 𝑟𝑒 − 𝑟𝑖
𝑛. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡ú𝑛𝑒𝑙, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎
𝑟𝑖0 𝑝0

2
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
PROGRAMA ÚNICO DE ESPECIALIZACIONES DE INGENIERÍA

Datos para determinar las líneas de soporte:

Resistencia a la compresión uniaxial
σc = 300 MPa ( 30591.60 ton/m2 )
de la roca inalterada
Constantes del material para el m= 7.5
macizo rocoso original s= 0.1
Módulo de elasticidad del macizo
E = 40000 MPa ( 4078880.00 ton/m2 )
rocoso
Relación de Poisson del macizo
ν= 0.2
rocoso
Constantes del material para el mr = 0.3
macizo rocoso fracturado sr = 0.001

Peso unitario de la roca fracturada γr = 0.02 MN/m3 ( 2.04 ton/m3 )

A) P0 = 27 MPa ( 2753.24 ton/m2 )

Magnitudes de los esfuerzos in situ
B) P0 = 54 MPa ( 5506.49 ton/m2 )
C) P0 = 81 MPa ( 8259.73 ton/m2 )
D) P0 = 108 MPa ( 11012.98 ton/m2 )
ri = 4 m

Conversiones
1 MPa = 1000000 Pa
1 Pa = 1.01972E-05 kg/cm2
1 kg/cm2 = 10 ton/m2
1 MN = 1000000 N
1 N = 0.101972 kg
1 kg = 0.001 ton

3
 pi > p0-Mσc pi < p0-Mσc
(a) (b) (c) Condicionante (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)
Po Pi
M D N p0-Mσc ui/ri0 ue/re re/ri R eav A ui/ri0
1Po 2753.24 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0 0.00088372 0.25409448 2.48031663 -0.00010903 0.00012115 6.06124E-06
0.9Po 2477.9196 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000081 0.00088372 0.26850099 2.38047669 -0.00012266 0.00013626 6.79963E-06
0.8Po 2202.5952 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000162 0.00088372 0.28458532 2.27515121 -0.00013899 0.0001544 7.70253E-06
0.7Po 1927.2708 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000243 0.00088372 0.30271864 2.16332247 -0.00015885 0.00017652 8.8338E-06
0.6Po 1651.9464 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000324 0.00088372 0.32341222 2.04361268 -0.00018346 0.00020406 1.02954E-05
0.5Po 1376.622 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000405 0.00088372 0.34740106 1.9140757 -0.00021469 0.00023922 1.22598E-05
0.4Po 1101.2976 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000486 0.00088372 0.37580391 1.77180187 -0.00025562 0.00028571 1.50417E-05
0.3Po 825.9732 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000567 0.00088372 0.41046612 1.61207901 -0.00031174 0.00035031 1.92767E-05
0.2Po 550.6488 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000648 0.00088372 0.45482809 1.42628617 -0.00039425 0.00044719 2.64569E-05
0.1Po 275.3244 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.000729 0.00088372 0.51684104 1.19489029 -0.00053197 0.00061423 4.11067E-05
0Po 0 0.09819 -0.90519 -0.2545 -250.5817 0.00081 0.00088372 0.62793355 0.84241011 -0.00085642 0.00103459 8.89955E-05

pi > p0-Mσc pi < p0-Mσc

(a) (b) (c) Condicionante (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)
Po Pi
M D N p0-Mσc ui/ri0 ue/re re/ri R eav A ui/ri0
1Po 5506.49 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0 0.00159016 0.28203615 2.13001154 -0.00023978 0.00027205 1.61304E-05
0.9Po 4955.8392 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.000162 0.00159016 0.3051398 1.99751309 -0.00028399 0.00032256 1.92814E-05
0.8Po 4405.1904 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.000324 0.00159016 0.33159713 1.85758318 -0.0003401 0.00038709 2.34891E-05
0.7Po 3854.5416 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.000486 0.00159016 0.36224694 1.7088106 -0.0004128 0.0004715 2.93349E-05
0.6Po 3303.8928 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.000648 0.00159016 0.39826969 1.54927135 -0.00050949 0.00058527 3.78704E-05
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

0.5Po 2753.244 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.00081 0.00159016 0.44140397 1.37622249 -0.00064246 0.00074482 5.1143E-05
0.4Po 2202.5952 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.000972 0.00159016 0.49437158 1.18551073 -0.00083387 0.00098108 7.35356E-05
PROGRAMA ÚNICO DE ESPECIALIZACIONES DE INGENIERÍA

0.3Po 1651.9464 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.001134 0.00159016 0.5618203 0.97028381 -0.00112819 0.00135995 0.000115727
0.2Po 1101.2976 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.001296 0.00159016 0.6528333 0.71762173 -0.00163119 0.00205062 0.000209308
0.1Po 550.6488 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.001458 0.00159016 0.79011132 0.3964472 -0.00268546 0.00366186 0.000486538
0Po 0 0.17668 -0.84142 0.2978 101.4381 0.00162 0.00159016 1.09082402 -0.14629549 -0.00714006 0.01228019 0.002542115

4
 pi > p0-Mσc pi < p0-Mσc
(a) (b) (c) Condicionante (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)
Po Pi
M D N p0-Mσc ui/ri0 ue/re re/ri R eav A ui/ri0
1Po 8259.73 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0 0.00225 0.25891137 2.13358335 -0.00027715 0.00032024 2.15373E-05
0.9Po 7433.7588 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.000243 0.00225 0.28520979 1.98083728 -0.00034031 0.00039373 2.67019E-05
0.8Po 6607.7856 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.000486 0.00225 0.3159007 1.81946425 -0.00042362 0.00049134 3.38482E-05
0.7Po 5781.8124 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.000729 0.00225 0.35217927 1.64781306 -0.00053617 0.00062464 4.42052E-05
0.6Po 4955.8392 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.000972 0.00225 0.39575347 1.46362707 -0.00069295 0.00081332 6.0139E-05
0.5Po 4129.866 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.001215 0.00225 0.44918075 1.26367879 -0.00092017 0.00109359 8.66203E-05
0.4Po 3303.8928 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.001458 0.00225 0.51653902 1.04305964 -0.0012679 0.00153895 0.000135325
0.3Po 2477.9196 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.001701 0.00225 0.60494067 0.79361826 -0.00184441 0.00232176 0.000238149
0.2Po 1651.9464 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.001944 0.00225 0.72865728 0.49981861 -0.00293437 0.00394721 0.000504559
0.1Po 825.9732 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.002187 0.00225 0.92479229 0.12345176 -0.00562317 0.00865775 0.001505398
0Po 0 0.25000 -0.78947 0.5578 611.8320 0.00243 0.00225 1.41475283 -0.54782343 -0.02630976 0.06166652 0.016792532

pi > p0-Mσc pi < p0-Mσc

(a) (b) (c) Condicionante (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)
Po Pi
M D N p0-Mσc ui/ri0 ue/re re/ri R eav A ui/ri0
1Po 11012.98 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0 0.00287141 0.23869569 2.13765534 -0.00029281 0.00034388 2.55276E-05
0.9Po 9911.6784 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.000324 0.00287141 0.26695338 1.97070267 -0.00037036 0.00043565 3.26305E-05
0.8Po 8810.3808 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.000648 0.00287141 0.30045558 1.7942876 -0.00047587 0.00056138 4.2732E-05
0.7Po 7709.0832 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.000972 0.00287141 0.3407284 1.60659183 -0.00062332 0.00073908 5.78407E-05
0.6Po 6607.7856 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.001296 0.00287141 0.38998124 1.40512733 -0.00083646 0.00100061 8.19958E-05
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

0.5Po 5506.488 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.00162 0.00287141 0.45156865 1.18632983 -0.00115862 0.0014073 0.000124175
0.4Po 4405.1904 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.001944 0.00287141 0.53092084 0.94476645 -0.00167647 0.00209133 0.000207017
PROGRAMA ÚNICO DE ESPECIALIZACIONES DE INGENIERÍA

0.3Po 3303.8928 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.002268 0.00287141 0.6376704 0.67138504 -0.00258886 0.00338786 0.000398228
0.2Po 2202.5952 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.002592 0.00287141 0.79153934 0.34883694 -0.00446384 0.00639482 0.000959817
0.1Po 1101.2976 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.002916 0.00287141 1.04525272 -0.06604222 -0.00980432 0.01698607 0.003537157
0Po 0 0.31905 -0.74609 0.7684 1252.8679 0.00324 0.00287141 1.74652054 -0.82070256 -0.1074094 0.34515205 0.092663433

5
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
PROGRAMA ÚNICO DE ESPECIALIZACIONES DE INGENIERÍA

A) Po = 27 MPa (2753.24 ton/m2) B) Po = 54 MPa (5506.49 ton/m2)

ui Techo Paredes Piso ui Techo Paredes Piso
ui/ri0 ui/ri0
(mm) [pi+γr(re-ri)]/p0 pi/po [pi-γr(re-ri)]/p0 (mm) [pi+γr(re-ri)]/p0 pi/po [pi-γr(re-ri)]/p0
0 0 1.00018822 1 0.99981178 0 0 1.00010446 1 0.99989554
0.324 0.000081 0.90019889 0.9 0.89980111 0.648 0.000162 0.90011301 0.9 0.89988699
0.648 0.000162 0.8002108 0.8 0.7997892 1.296 0.000324 0.80012281 0.8 0.79987719
0.972 0.000243 0.70022424 0.7 0.69977576 1.944 0.000486 0.70013417 0.7 0.69986583
1.296 0.000324 0.60023956 0.6 0.59976044 2.592 0.000648 0.60014751 0.6 0.59985249
1.62 0.000405 0.50025733 0.5 0.49974267 3.24 0.00081 0.50016348 0.5 0.49983652
1.944 0.000486 0.40027837 0.4 0.39972163 3.888 0.000972 0.4001831 0.4 0.3998169
2.268 0.000567 0.30030405 0.3 0.29969595 4.536 0.001134 0.30020808 0.3 0.29979192
2.592 0.000648 0.20033691 0.2 0.19966309 5.184 0.001296 0.20024179 0.2 0.19975821
2.916 0.000729 0.10038285 0.1 0.09961715 5.832 0.001458 0.10029263 0.1 0.09970737
3.24 0.00081 0.00046514 0 -0.00046514 10.1684594 0.00254211 0.00040401 0 -0.00040401

C) Po = 81 MPa (8259.73 ton/m2) D) Po = 108 MPa (11012.98 ton/m2)

ui Techo Paredes Piso ui Techo Paredes Piso
ui/ri0 ui/ri0
(mm) [pi+γr(re-ri)]/p0 pi/po [pi-γr(re-ri)]/p0 (mm) [pi+γr(re-ri)]/p0 pi/po [pi-γr(re-ri)]/p0
0 0 1.00006393 1 0.99993607 0 0 1.0000442 1 0.9999558
0.972 0.000243 0.90007042 0.9 0.89992958 1.296 0.000324 0.90004944 0.9 0.89995056
1.944 0.000486 0.800078 0.8 0.799922 2.592 0.000648 0.80005564 0.8 0.79994436
2.916 0.000729 0.70008696 0.7 0.69991304 3.888 0.000972 0.7000631 0.7 0.6999369
3.888 0.000972 0.60009772 0.6 0.59990228 5.184 0.001296 0.60007222 0.6 0.59992778
4.86 0.001215 0.50011091 0.5 0.49988909 6.48 0.00162 0.50008362 0.5 0.49991638
5.832 0.001458 0.40012754 0.4 0.39987246 7.776 0.001944 0.40009832 0.4 0.39990168
6.804 0.001701 0.30014937 0.3 0.29985063 9.072 0.002268 0.30011809 0.3 0.29988191
7.776 0.001944 0.20017992 0.2 0.19982008 10.368 0.002592 0.20014658 0.2 0.19985342
8.748 0.002187 0.10022834 0.1 0.09977166 14.1486266 0.00353716 0.10019357 0.1 0.09980643
67.1701298 0.01679253 0.00034932 0 -0.00034932 370.653732 0.09266343 0.00032343 0 -0.00032343

6
 Techo del túnel
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00%
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

Relación presión de soporte/esfuerzo in situ ([pi+γr(re-ri)]/p0)

Porcentaje de la relación deformación del túnel/radio del túnel (u i/ri)
PROGRAMA ÚNICO DE ESPECIALIZACIONES DE INGENIERÍA

A) Po= 27 MPa (2753.24 ton/m2) B) Po= 54 MPa (5506.49 ton/m2)

C) Po= 81 MPa (8259.73 ton/m2) D) Po= 108 MPa (11012.98 ton/m2)

7
 Paredes del túnel
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

Relación presión de soporte/esfuerzo in situ (pi/p0)

0
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00%
Porcentaje de la relación deformación del túnel/radio del túnel (u i/ri)
PROGRAMA ÚNICO DE ESPECIALIZACIONES DE INGENIERÍA

A) Po= 27 MPa (2753.24 ton/m2) B) Po= 54 MPa (5506.49 ton/m2)

C) Po= 81 MPa (8259.73 ton/m2) D) Po= 108 MPa (11012.98 ton/m2)

8
 
Bibliografía
Piso del túnel
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00%
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

Relación presión de soporte/esfuerzo in situ ([pi-γr(re-ri)]/p0)

Hoke, E. Brown, E.T. (1985). Excavaciones Subterráneas en Rocas. McGraw Hill.

Porcentaje de la relación deformación del túnel/radio del túnel (u i/ri)
PROGRAMA ÚNICO DE ESPECIALIZACIONES DE INGENIERÍA

A) Po= 27 MPa (2753.24 ton/m2) B) Po= 54 MPa (5506.49 ton/m2)

C) Po= 81 MPa (8259.73 ton/m2) D) Po= 108 MPa (11012.98 ton/m2)