WATER LEVEL INDICATOR WITH ALARM

A MEASURE PROJECT Submitted

TO
CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANAND TECHNICAL
UNIVERSITY BHILAI (C.G.), INDIA

In Partial Fulfillment
For the Award
of
DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING

In

ELECTRONICS Engineering

By

OMPRAKASH SAHU

Under the Guidance of

MR. BHARAT NIRMALKAR
LECTURER (ELECTRICAL ENGG DEPARTMENT)

MR. MANISH SAHU

HOD (ELECTRICAL ENGG DEPARTMENT)

RKR GOVT. POLYTECHNIC, JANJGIR CHAMPA

Session 2018
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work is the result of inspiration , support, guidance, motivation,

cooperation and facilities that were extanded to as at their best and the most by
persons at all the levels. We are indebted to all of them.

We feel extremely exhilarated to have complete this dissertations under

an inspiring guidance, support and encouragement of MR. BHARAT
NIRMALKAR (Lecturer Ele. Engg.), MISS DHARMLATA SAHU (Lecture
r Ele. Engg.) and MR. CHAITRAM SAHU(Lecturer Ele. Engg.) and also very
thankful to MR. MANISH SAHU (HOD ELECTRICAL) for their kind nature
, masterly guidance and timely encouragement infused determination is
used to complete the task given to us successfully.

We are highly indebted to all the respected lecturers of Electrical

Engg Dept. for making available all facilities for completing the measure
project on WATER LEVEL INDICATOR WITH ALARM the impact they
made on us war tremendous.

We will also like to express profound gratefulness and indebtedness

to our passout seniors, friends, batch mate and dear juniors.

1. HARISH KUMAR
2. HARISH KUMAR
3. HEERA
4. JAINARAYAN

5. LAXMIN

6. MUKESH KUMAR

7. BHUVAN LAL PAINKRA

 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the thesis work entitled “WATER
LEVEL INDICATOR WITH ALARM” is based my own work carried out during the course of
my study under the supervision of Mr. Bharat Nirmalkar (Lecturer Ele. Engg.), Mr. Manish
Sahu ( HOD of Lecturer Ele. Engg.), Miss Dharmlata Sahu (Lecturer Ele. Engg.), Mr.
Chaitram Sahu (Lecturer Ele. Engg)
I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of the project work.
I further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief that the report does not contain any
part of any work, which has been submitted for the award of any other degree or certificate in this
University of India or any other country. All helps received and citations used for the preparation
of thesis have been duly acknowledge.

HARISH KUMAR ------------------------

HARISH KUMAR -------------------------

HEERA --------------------------

JAINARAYAN -----------------------

LAXMIM ---------------------

MUKESH KUMAR ----------------------

BHUVAN LAL PAINKRA ----------------------

Dept of Electrical Engineering

RKR GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JANJGIR CHAMPA,CHHATTISGARH

_________________

(Project Supervisor)
MR.BHARAT NIRMALKAR
LECTURER (EE)
Dept of Electrical Engineering
RKR GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JANJGIR CHAMPA, CHHATTISGARH

[1]
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report of the thesis entitled WATER LEVEL INDICATOR WITH
ALARM is a record of bona fide research work carried out by HARISH KUMAR, HARISH
KUMAR, HEERA, JAINARAYAN, LAXMIN, MUKESH KUMAR, BHUVAN LAL
PAINKRA under my guidance and supervision for the award of Diploma Electrical Engineering
of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.) India.

To the best of my Knowledge the thesis

 Embodies the work of the candidate him/herself,
  Has duly been completed,
 Fulfill the requirements of the ordinance relating to the Diploma in Engineering of the
 University and
 Is up to the desired standard both in respect of contents and language for being referred to
the examiners

__________________________
( MR. BHARAT NIRMALKAR)
Dept of ELECTRICA L ENGG.
RKR GOVERNM ENT POLYTECHNIC
JANJGIR CHAMPA,CHHATTISGARH
__________________________
( MR. MANISH SAHU)
HOD Dept of ELECTRICAL ENGG.
RKR GOVERNM ENT POLYTECHNIC
JANJGIR CHAMPA,CHHATTISGARH

__________________________
( MR. G.P.NAIK)
PRINCIPAL
RKR GOVERNM ENT POLYTECHNIC
JANJGIR CHAMPA,CHHATTISGARH

[2]
 CERTIFICATE BY THE INTERNAL / EXTERNAL EXAMINER

This is to certify that the project entitled

Submitted by
HARISH KUMAR Enrollment No.: AR4504
Roll No.: 2682415009

HARSIH KUMAR Enrollment No.: AR4506

Roll No.: 2682415010

HEERA Enrollment No.: AR4511

Roll No.: 2682415011

JAINARAYAN Enrollment No.: AR4513

Roll No.: 2682415012

LAXMIN Enrollment No.: AR4526

Roll No.: 2682415015

MUKESH KUMAR Enrollment No AR4529

Roll No 2682415016

BHUVAN LAL PAINKRA Enrollment No AR5029

Roll No 2682414301

Has been examined by the undersigned as a part of the examination forth

award of DEPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGG of CHHATTISGARH
SWAMI VIVEKANAND TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BHILAI.

__________________ _________________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date:------------------ Date:------------------

[3]
 INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM
3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
4. COMPONENTS
a. Transformer
b. Diode
c. Capacitor
d. Voltage Regulator
e. Alarm
f. Transistor
g. Water tank
h. LED
i. Other Equipment
5. WORKING PRICIPAL
6. ADVANTAGE
7. DISADVANTAGE
8. APPLICATION
9. CONCLUSION
10. REFRENCE

[4]
INTRODUCTION

[5]
Introduction

A Water Level Indicator may be defined as a system by which we can get the information
of any water reservoir. Wa-ter level indicator system is quite useful to reduce the wastage
of water from any reservoir, while filling such reservoir.
Water is most essential thing on earth .Safe drinking water is essential to human and other
life forms even though it pro-vides no calories or organic nutriants.

The total amount of water available on Earth has been esti -mated at 1.4 billion cubic
kilometers, enough to cover the planet with a layer of about 3 km. About 95% of the Earth's
water is in the oceans, which is unfit for human consumption.
About 4% is locked in the polar ice caps, and the rest 1% con-stitutes all fresh water found
in rivers, streams and lakes which is suitable for our consumption. A study estimated that
a person in India consumes an average of 135 litres per day.
This consumption would rise by 40% by the year 2025. This signifies the need
to preserve our fresh water resources

[6]
BLOCK DIAGRAM

[7]
Block diagram

Capacitor
Transformer Bridge rectifire

LED
Transistor Voltage regulator

Water Tank Alarm

[8]
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

[9]
[10]
 COMPONENTS
a. Transformer
b. Diode
c. Capacitor
d. Voltage Regulator
e. Alarm
f. Transistor
g. Water tank
h. LED
i. Other Equipment

[11]
1 Capacitor

It is a passive component with two terminals and used to store charges. Capacitors are mad up of
two conductors which are separated by the dielectric medium flows in between. It works when
potential difference applied across the conductors polarize the dipole ions to store the charge in the
dielectric medium.

Fig. Capacitor

2 Light Emitting Diode

Light-emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in electronics. The basic principle
behind the working of LED is electroluminescence. The Light emitting diode should be forward
biased to get the light. In Light emitting diodes, electrons are injected from low work function
cathode to the conduction band of the n-type semiconducting material and holes are injected
from high work function anode to the valence band ot the p-type semiconducting material. When
the electron in the conduction band combines with the hole in the valence band, energy is
released. In case of indirect band gap semicondutors, phonon will be released to conserve of both
energy and momentum. But in case of direct band gap semiconductor, light will be emitted
whose wavelength depends on the band gap of the semiconductor.

Fig. Light emitting diode

[12]
3 Transistor

Transistors are three terminal active devices made from different semiconductor materials that
can act as either an insulator or a conductor by the application of a small signal voltage. The
transistor's ability to change between these two states enables it to have two basic functions:
switching or amplification. Then bipolar transistors have the ability to operate within three
different regions:

 Active Region - the transistor operates as an amplifier and IC = β IB

 Saturation - the transistor is fully-ON operating as a switch and IC = Isat urat ion
 Cut-off - the transistor is "fully-OFF" operating as a switch and IC = 0

4 Diode

•A diode is a 2 lead semiconductor that acts as a one way gate to electron flow.
– Diode allows current to pass in only one direction.
•A pn-junction diode is formed by joining to gether n-type and p-type silicon.
•In practice, as the n-type Si crystal is being grown, the process is abruptly altered
to grow p-type Si crystal. Finally, a glass or plastic coating is placed around the
joined crystal.
•The p-side is called anode and the n-side is called cathode.
•When the anode and cathode of a pn-junction diode are connected to external voltage
such that the potential at anode is higher than the potential at cathode, the diode is said
to be forward biased.
–In a forward-biased diode current is allowed to flow through the device.
•When potential at anode is smaller than the potential at cathode, the diode is said
to be reverse biased. In a reverse-biased diode current is blocked.

[13]
 Fig. Diode

5 Voltage Regulator
A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that provides a stable DC voltage independent of
the load current, temperature and AC line voltage variations. A voltage regulator may use a
simple feed-forward design or may include negative feedback. It may use an electromechanical
mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or
more AC or DCvoltages.
Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies where they
stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements. In automobile alternators and
central power station generator plants, voltage regulators control the output of the plant. In
an electric power distribution system, voltage regulators may be installed at a substation or
along distribution lines so that all customers receive steady voltage independent of how
much power is drawn from the line.

Fig. Voltage Regulator

[14]
6 Transformer

A centre-tapped step-down transformer is used to provide a suitable voltage to the full- wa ve

rectifier. We specifically selected this transformer so that the device could be connected directly to
the wall outlet. Also the centre tapping helps us to generate a positive polarity voltage required for
the circuit. Rating: 230/12 V AC, 50 Hz

6 Alarm


 to detect and alarm once the water level in tank are
Water level alarm is a simple project
aquarium reaches at certain level.

Fig, Alarm

[15]
 7 Water tank
Water storage tanks, also known as cisterns, are primarily used to store water for domestic and
consumptive purposes in households or buildings. Cisterns are typically found in areas where a
potable water source is not available in the community, the area yields low well water capacity, or
the groundwater quality is poor. Cisterns can also be used to store water: a) to supplement a low
yielding private water well b) as an emergency water supply

Fig. Water tank

[16]
WORKING PRINCIPLE

[17]
WORKING :
The water level alarm circuit is a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of water in the
overhead tank and also in the other containers. Nowadays all the house holders/owners are storing
the water in overhead tanks by using the pumps

When the water is stored in the tank, no one can identify the level of water and also, no one can
know when the water tank will fill. Hence there is an over flow of water in the tank, thus there is a
wastage of energy and water.

To resolve this type of problems by using the water level alarm circuit of a transistor it helps and
indicated the level of water in the overhead tanks. The cost of the water level alarm circuit low and
its use full for the overhead water tanks, swimming pull boilers, etc….

The water level alarm circuits are used in the factories, chemical plants, and electrical substations
and also in other liquid storage system.

[18]
ADVANTAGE

[19]
Advantages of the proposed water level controller

A. Maintenance
It is an economical system that requires very less maintenance as compared to conventional
system as it has no complicated circuits and delicate mechanisms. This saves the additional
maintenance cost.

B. Cost
The main advantage of the water level controller is it has very low cost than the conventional one
available in markets. For example, some commercial controllers use microcontrollers which
alone costs around Rs.800. Some controllers even have a price range of Rs.2000-Rs. 4000. But
for our system, the components used are less in number and easily available. Hence losses will
be less leading to a better efficiency.

C. Construction
The construction of a water level controller is very simple as it requires only a few components.
The circuit involved is also relatively simpler.

D. Skill Required
Since the system of water level controller is simpler than the ones conventionally available, it
can be easily made at home. The controller can also be easily operated by anyone.

[20]
DISADVANTAGE

[21]
Disadvantages
 
 Required a dedicated controller ( human ) .
 
There is a need of automatic system to increase the accuracy .

[22]
APPLICATION

[23]
APPLICATION

 Water level indicator is used in application like storage tanks, boiler, cooler etc to indicate
level of inside water.
 
Easily indicate when water level is full in the tank with beep sound .

[24]
CONCLUSION

[25]
Conclusion
This is a simple model water level indicator which can be made at your home. This project is
the solution to help the user to indicate water level in reservoir or into the water tank that
indicated different levels in an over head tank. A connection runs under to the underground tank
to check the availability of water in that tank before operation the pump and the pump operates
only automatic water level controller can be used in Hotels, Factories etc.

[26]
REFERENCES

[27]
REFERENCES

[1] Joydeep Kumar Chakraborty, “Water Level Controller”

[2] Rex Niedermeyer, "Aquarium Water Pumps"
[3] Kevin R. Sullivan, “Transformer”, Professor of Automotive Technology, Skyline College
[4] Vardalas, John, Twists and Turns in the Development of Transistor, IEEE-USA Today’s
Engineer, May 2003.

[28]
REAL PICK

[29]
REAL PICK

[30]