Sie sind auf Seite 1von 40

BUILDING DTSIGNIffiS'

MANUAL

ABDUL.KAR$M ALI"EMfMI
CiVIL EhJGiNE[Ft
oOo

brief
schedules
Iu

Mghdrm Ahilul -Karlln


cltl ll Blt[ ln BE

6econd EdiLi on
r
a
re8)

oOo
u_
oOo
. .' Y-b 1:LV ;!-1 (ilfi)/o tnt i p o,
/
DM2*t*
. - .^ t

o . rt*l;^tl r;^*,.,rd|,irtqa)
,u.t uJ:lrq4qv-fi |;o 4 <-s)tfir^t'qt
t,
/ e,;i bi Aj,,b)fl1t ap git a, tsbsqrp' ri
L .. {tA,,s&-;4ia,(Lii

OOO
T
oOo

ooo
I
tF-'%
oOo
MINIMUM UNIFORMLY DIST. LIVE LOAD :

Ig- PSF ir;-,)\z-ry ?


l(g
ibt\z.y
m
a
/) PSF D
912 I

i.j(s.^i.l1g+;]L-,to*"4 6 *-:-JF L..i--4rs4 1

s00 100 49t -t 300 60 ;-*U/r t* -?


500 100 Z 'u,zs\ 3'o -? 200 lr0 'L+n tJl u4 -<J
500 100 -1 240 4A -a
P
-
500 100 -.-'r,P)-l-lt -s 2
500 :l00 AAt-Jr b 200 4A 4'.ai' _r
-J)l 7 500 100 _o a

500 100 ;l )t -P 300 60 -arr-Ir 4/l -a


-o

200 lr0 c--l) ('- .i _4 s00 100 €tA_r -s


'
1200 2s0 I
"eYa),/ I 2A0 40 4*,,L!ll r2 t1
-A
a
600 1?5 3
'l--'ti=,(t 10 200 4A -P
500 100 42JEtryt -r 500 100 ;,6\47\ ts

370 75 r:;J>8, -? 300 60


600 125 ;' ,=-( ri i ' 4 t lr
-r t 11 200 lr0 .F
300 60 t-:ist 2b* -r 1s0 30 2,o1 v Jg:i 1
730 150 --.-'f 'a1 --;; .)
a 100 20 fitlrrr;rl. -€
500 100 .+Sl 12 370 75 t 5

oOo
oOo
NOTES

oOo
OOO
MINIMUM DEAD LOAD

THICKN-
F(. t'
L--
-,
TYPE kg/m'
m
.04 Roof Tiles 192
.1 0 Roo192 t So nd
.42 Woter Proofing 27 311
,a2 Cement Ptoster tr$ +311 =357
.02 Gypsurn Ptoste r 2T +311 =339
,12 R.C. Stob ZBg +357=6/,5
15 R.C.Stob 360+357=717
'-1 8' R.C. Stqb lr32 +357-D 7 Bg
"20 R.C. Sto b 180 +357 =g3T
.05 FLooR f/rES AN? MoRTER
11 5

NOTES :

oOo
oO.
TYPE OF DEAD LOAD

Brick wotts 19
Ceme nt 1 .lr

Gypsum 12
Lightweight concrete:
o. norrnoI 6/* -1 6
b. structurol 16 2 0
Ptoin concret e 23
Re i nf o rc ed concrete 24
Dry eGrth 16
Hotlow btock woits 1.t-

Perforoted brick wotts t3


Sond 16 17
St eet 785
Thermostone I
TYPE OF DEAD LOAD Kg / m2
Acoustic boord 12 mm thick 5

Bitumen with roofing fett ovg. 25 mm 35


Concrte screening 30 mm thick 75

Corrugote osl:estos cement sheeting


( with botts ) . 2A

Corrugoted gotv. sheeting (with botts ) 75


Linoteum finish 6mm i0
Morbte 30 mm thick with setting bed 150

o. cement ptoster 25mm 5C


'b. gypsum or juss Ptoster 25 mm 25
Suspended metoI toth ond cement ptoster 75
Suspended rnetot toth ond gYPSUm
( juss ptoster )

o@o
TYPE OF LOADING Kg/mz
Tites :

mm thick tites
a

o. ceromtc
.a

20 '
s0
b; concrete roofing tites 4A mm thick 100
c. ter razzo tites z1mrn thick 65
tites trlmm thick
d. ter razzo 90
Tites 25 mm (1" ) thick setting bed 125
Concrete ing. tiles
roof
ov. of 5 cm ,sond bed 190 _- 185
..i.

Portition wotts :

o. looding of f Ioors wi th pqrtition

deducting openings of oreq [ess '

,b. when the weight of portition wott


: ig equcil', to or [ess thon 250Kg/m2
' : .:replocement lood ing regu lorty dis- I

: ocoepted .
{

weight of portition wott with


^., , mortor is, up to 50 Kg /nz
a

25
x if the weight of portition wrtt with
tC

rnortor is 50-150 Kg /m2 75


x if , the weight of ' portition wstt with
mortor is X50 -250 Kg /m2 125

roo
oo.
NOTES

o@o
oOo
I.4INIMUM THICKNESS OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS

perimeter
h6; n.= ACI 318-63 code
180

in occordonce to ACI 318-83 code , h need not


be more thon o

rn (80q1 0.q05 fy)


h= U.S. customory
36000

36000
Sl metric

(89QIj.071fy)
h_ tn ryl(S metric

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF OTHERS :

Member ffi
D
S OLI
' ^,8
SLIE
WAY
L/ 20 L/2tr L/ 2g L/ t0
N RIBAEI}
AEAM
ONE waY SLIE L/ 16 L/1 8.5 L/ 21 L/8
NOTE: M embers not supported' or ottoch e d
to ' port itions or other constructio n
tikety to
t.

,,,/,/'
by [org e
I

be domo ged def-


-
Iections.

t
t
I
I

i
iOo
I
I

i
i

k---
i
t
oOo
LOAD TRANSMISSION :

w.s.
3

I
*d
r
,l
ll

oOo i
i

votues of (m) tor short spon LONS SII4A


all
MOMEN T (m)
1.0 .9 .8
.7 .6 .5 valae S

CASE -vO cbn. .033 .0 40 .04 8 .05 5 .063 .093 .03 3


_ve "dis
-
ru + ve .425 .030 .036 .a 41 .447 ,0 62 .02 5
CASE _ve con 0lr1 .04I .05 5 .06 2 .069 08s .0lr 1

2
-ve di s. .021 .02 lr 427 .0 31 .03 6 .0lrZ .a21
ru + ve .031 .036 .01r1 .0lrT 0s2 .06/, 031
.090 .049
CASE _ve con. .049 .05 7 .0 64 .071 .0 78
3
- ve dis. .42 5 .02 8 .a32 036 .039 .0/- 5 02s
fr?ru + ve .037 04 3 .448 .054 059 .068 .037
CAS E -ve con. .05I 066 .07'i .082' 090 098 0s8
t, ve Cis .02 s 033 .03 7 .0/r 5 .019
,a 41 02I
fr +
ve A4q .050 056 062 .068 .071r .0 lr li
CASE _ve con .E

5
-ve dis. .033 .03 B 0/'3 .Alr 7 .053 .055 033
T '+ v e 050 .057 ,064 a72 080 083 0s0
trl= S/ L M = C.w.52
t?
M =C.w. [r]'
In=cle,ir si;cn l'cr,1],i *i :: f-l1r'e [-i-ir: e Cf
I
I

,5.:-

:j
E
!tr )t
o
(r'
.eE a
1 .S
J.
B
( a
bQ,

x\
E
I

\
o,
\rc
J
4
CC E
luG! o
a. .\,
€ra
(!
o

o-Slobt $or <10'"


I-Beoms 9 Sirders
whcre

m;-/,,
ot
\
:gotunn SlifflLggl_

ol eoch end
R

spm

o@o
oOo
NOTES

.-n !
lrr
rl
r,,

'v' .t

-l:'

4 Il'--

o@o
Y-

oOo
WALL FOOIING (WSD)
P=DL+ LL
B = P/ qo
M =qo (Z g-o l't 32 rnosonory wotl foo tr nq II As=-74M,'C (cm'/m)
M=qo(B- d7A co nc re te wc [[ footinj l
d= 08,/lv1
- h=d * cover
,
P(T,,,M)
,2B-o
V=t ,1 B,h,o,d(rn
l, -CjqC )

qo (l 'rn')
vc =2 92d,re tf i(kg /cm\) f i (kg /cm')
if v(VC OK
if v ) vc -----=D 1- Chonge ( h)
Z-Use peC e s tol s
LONGITUDINAL S TEEL
M[= .225P
d=,08ff,.F
As[=-7/-Mt /d
V= 75 P
vc = 2.92 Bd'rc
if v( vc CK
if v)vc chonge (h)
-:

\,VALL FOOTING (u.s.D.)


Pu=1./,DL*1.7L1
B=P/qo
a1 .-. qu=Pu/B
t
/',
1i
(
Mu =qu 2}-ol'/ 32 mGsoncry wclI footing
Mu=qu B - a)',/ B ccn c ret e wo li f ooting

vu=LQB-u)/'4_dlqu
vc = 5.3 d'ffT
if vu< vc 0K
ll Ywr,?Yv1
'l-- Chonge (h)
2- Use pedestols

r@r
OOO
NOTES :

To be more occurote in f ind ing 'As" volue :

As = Cong.x M/d
where :

1{- .225 x 10s


Cons. =

where " j" moy found frorn tobte betow :

N 1000
18000

881
2A000
.88I
24000
.902
1125- 872 880 894
1200 875 883 897
13 s0 866 .87 /. 888
16 00 86 1 874 884
1 800 852 860 875
2000 851' 863 877
22s0 .\trlr Bs3 868

YOUR NOTES :

=ri

o@o
[tta.--
TENSION S TE EL
As = 7lrt4/d M & Mp (T.m)
d=8}ffi brd d' (cm)
&
M5= b aTOl,00
l

As & As' (cr2)


ty (ksi )
stee[ is
a

need
Asl =71, M5 / d
As2= 7t (f.[-M6 I t (d-d'] d'/d c d'/d c
.02 .0129 .12 .0099
As' =(M - M5 I tc d' .04 .0127 .1 ll .0090
.06 .01 26 .16 .0091
.09 .01 19 .19 .0071
.10 .0110 ..20 .0064
WEB REINF.
v=V/bd FoR ,6 to mm
V (t<g)
VS = V- VC [;7;r'!,,*uPs vc (fg r'c^21
S (cm) .
Av (cmZ)

if v13rE----,- S<d /21 ,-


if v)tf-o--- sior4 -, -- rr'!ln'D-

ir-(r vg=,.292,R tptetricJ
L I British J = .ay'F.jttrrt etric = lrZtr
J for ie=2Y kg /cmz
vc=J.1fr [Bri tishl

TIED COLUMNS
opproximote method for designing :

P= toto[ oxio t tood t P= .85 (.25 fi Ag + fs As) I


= K x (oxiot tood) To ALLow FOR BENDINO
(l() votues :

NEXI I 0
STORY TOP r0P TOWER
{- 1.0 1.0 1.0
,,1 4.5 2.0 .1
t-'

6.0 2.3
.1
1.9

.O.
oOo
MOMENT STRENGTH lMu/ 6 t{ bd2} OF RECT-
ANGULAR SECTION lVITH TENSION RE -
I. NFORCEM ENT ONLY
.000 .001 .0a2 .003 005 .006 .a07 .008 .00I
.00 0 .001 0 .0020 .0030 .00 lr0 .0050 .0060 .007a .0080 -009
.01 o0s9 .01 09 .0119 .0129 -0139 .01 l'9 .0159 .0168 .01 7B -0188
.02 .4197 0247 .a217 .0226 0236 -AZtro .a256 0266 0275 .4285
03 029s 030t, '031 zt '0324 '0333 '03/,3 .0352 .0352 03 72 .0381
a4 .0391 0400 C/'10 0,i2 0 .01129 .0438 .a448 -A457 .01*67 ,0/*76
.05 .0r;8 5 'A/"95 .05c4 -05 13 .0523 .0532 '05/t1 .0551 .0560 0569 {

.06 .0579 .0588 0597 .06 07 .061 6.0625 .0634 '06/'3 '0653 '0662
t
.07 .06 71 068 0 0689 .0699 .a708 -47fl .0726 '0735 '07rlr .A753
08 .a762 0 780 .0789 .a799 .0807 .0816 '0825 '0834 .08 t-3
09 0 852 0861 0870 .0879 .0888 .0897 .0906 .0915 .0923 .0932
.1 0 .0 9/* 1 09s0 .0959 0967 .0976 .0985 .0994 {002 :1011 .1024
.1 1 1029 103 7 .1 0/* 6 10ss .1063 J072 r081 1089 1098 .1106
x2 .1.1 15 X12t+ 113 3 il 1tr1 X 1/*9 X158 x 166 x175 X 183 ,1192
x3 x200 x209 x217 x226 X23t, X2/.3 x251 x259 X268 .1276
.1 lo 12Btr x293 .1301 x309 .1 318 t326 1334 X3 t,2 t3 51 1357
x5 x367 .1375 t 3B/' 1392 Xtr00 t/'08 .1/r1 6 .ur25 XIr33 .1lrlr1
.1 6 Xl, lri9 x1,57 1/'65 Xtr73 t/.81 X/'8I .1506 X51tr '1 522
X1,,97
x7 x529 x 537 .1 545 .1553 x561 569 x577 .1 .1585 X593 .1.601
r609 x617 .1ti2lr .1 632 .1 6 tr} XO /-8 .165 6 .1 664 .1671 .16 7 9
18
.1 I .1687 .1 695 .17 03 x71A 18 .17 26
.17 x7 33 XTrl .17trg X7 56
.20 .1761, 1772 .1779 .1787 , 179t, 1802 .18 10' .1817 t8 25 .1 I32
.21 .1 8lr0 fStr7 855 r862 t87q 8 77
.1 .1 .1 885 .1 892.1 900 .1 907
.22 .1I 1lr .1922 929 x937 .1 I lrl- '1 I51
.1 x959 .1 966 .1973 .1 981
?3 r 988 .1 995 .2002 .2A1 0 .20 17 .2021r .203 1 .2A39 .2A46 .2053
-2lr .2060 2067 .2075 .2082 .2A89 .2096 .2103 -211 0-2117.212 lr
.25 -2131 .21 38.211r5 .2152 .2159 .2166 .2173 .2180 .2187 .2194
.26 .2241 2208 .2215 2222 2229 2236 -22t-3 .2249 .2256 .2263
.27 .2270 .2277 228tr .2290 2297 '230tr .2311 .2317 '232tr '2331
28 2337 -23lrlr '.2351 2357 -236l' -2371 .2377 .2381, '2391 '2397
.29 .21*01- .211 0 -21117 .21123 .21130 .21*37 .21-l-3 .21150 -2456 .21163
.30 .21169 .2tr75 .21*82 .2tr88 .2/*95 -250 1 .2508 -25U+ -2520.2527
.31 .2533 .2539 .25!ro .2552 .2558 .2565 .2571 .2577 .2583 .2590
-32 .2596 .260? .2608 -261t, .2621 -2627 .2633 -2639 '26t 5 '2651
.33 .2687 .266/, .2674 .2676 .2682 .2688 -2691r .2700 .2706 ,2712 :
a

-31* .2718 .272t. 2730 .2736 -2712 ,.2719 .2751, .2760 -2766':2771
.35 .2777 .2793 .2789 .2795 .2801 -28A7 .2812 .2818 .2821, .2830
.36 .2835 '281.1 '28117 .2853 -2858 .2864 .287A -2875 -2881 .2887:
-37 2892 .2898 -290 4 -2909 2915 -2920 -2926 -293 1 -293,7. ,2943
.38 I
.294 .2951r .29s9 .2965 .2970 .2975 .2981 .2986 .299 2 ,2997
.39 .3003 .3008 .3013 .3019 '3021r'3029 -3035 .3040 _ 30t 5.3051

L
oOo
U ttimote Strength D esisn :

TENSION STEEL

o= Mu
=tt,fc'lv,
- .85 b
- - {1 )
Q fy(d -o/21
--J2)
Mu=+ f bd'(ul-fy (1-.59 P tv /ti t
+ =-90
or: use M u/6'fC b dt )method
where
f tVtt{
(A)=

WEB REINF.
+= .95
Vu 5 //u ln/ 2
= 1.1
vu=(Vu-w(J-dl / 6
vc =Z're b d tgi;tishJ =.536bd tt"letricl
VS=[tJ-VC
q_ Av fvd-
s)- E

vu _vc - - - - -- - - 1

S =+# t sritish J =# tuetricl


if vs1t,re bd tBritishJ S< d/2 , S<60cm =2t, in-l
if vs>4,re bd [BritishJ s< d/l , s< 3Osn =lzi, JG--3
NqIE : aR,[Britishl =1.1G,[ Metric]
if vu( .5vc no need for web reinf
"if .5vc( vu( vc use eqs. Z & 3
if vu)vc use 1 & 2 & 3
Y- if vs>8re bd [British] =2.1G bd tiraetricl Chonge .section
Smin=4 in =10 cm

o@o
r-
I

TYPE OF MINIMUM AR EA OF
CONSTRUCTI ON REINFORCEME NT

. Stob .002 b t
Beom
Cotum n .01 b t
Wott
reinf.*
ho riz- - 00 25 b t
vert.reinf. .0015bt
Foot ing

200 11 .1

YCUR NOJES :

o@o
oOo
WEIGHTS & LENGTHS OF REINF BARS

Dio (mm) Weight(Kg /m tength) Length (m/lon)

10 0 620 1613

12 0 890 112t-

16 1 s80 633

18 2000 s00

22 3 000 33/-

25 3 8s5 260

28 4 850 247

32 6 315 159

36 8 000 125

38 8 900 113 I

/-0 9 86s

Sr:Jl ;)J9.,*;6-J\ 6r\,1l ;*r,:d\ .r':*1J\ :-LJ.r.


102

I
.4 ^,-,,/r i*;YapLtt
ASTM 61 5 0rode 4A

Yietd strength 40000 lb / inch2


Tensite strength 7 0000 lb /inch2
E longct i on Yr a/o - 18a/o

o@o
l_
oOo
, ,tl-=rl.

f.ir{J I u4+ ;\--U-Jt/t \j'"--r'i;c


t1:/t ioi*,X I iJU> " (l Ur3,;; urrl r;r\JI
*L{ I CAI'U1;j rr"tJ r q.a-G1t 7 d1t
YOUR NOTES :

o@o
I

-
I

oOo
i

(fw
r (, (^) (^) N) N) N) -.-l .J --) -.-f
Q'q
c) @ (r, N) @ (Jl 1\) @ o, N) c) sz.
+.O
-T
o
--) --.,s .-s
@ 5 o
l'\)
(,
{
---l
u.)
'8-
c)
.-.t
@
O
ul
CI)
--l
CD
(o
L.J
(^)
@
O
t\)
CI
(,
N)
C)
--S
--t
...-l
(r.)
{
(o ..S
o
.+t
f\) N) N) --) -.-) (o \l ul $.
G)
ul N) O) t\) N) ..-S
-T
(I) C) C) G.) @ (I) C) o t.*) (n N
o
.--l
5 @
u.)
O) (o l\) N) o (o N) (r) \l
C
(^) (^) (^) .-l
o --I -..,5
\l (, If
\l
N
.S-
C)
C)
u]
r
]..\)
.--.5 s .}r.
\l
--s
.f- CI)
O)
C) r N)
(^) (^)
o
--S N) .D-
(^) @ (/") (f ^}r. $r. c) (r) -+r
I
t! (n r
(rr Sr.
(^) N) .--.1
qo (,
-.5 --l
@ (, (I,
t
t
O (^) c) l.\) .}r. C)
O
Sr.
(n ..-r s- CI
N { -.-l Ot O) l\) --I
ul f'-
@ O) \I t:{. C) @ u.) -T
O) (JI
t'\)
ul (^) '
^}r.

JN) -..J -.-.} q.)


a
"}- (o (Jl
o c) O r\
-5
N) C)
3
O)
N)
@ { (o N @ ul C) \l o (I)
(r)
(o
(, cn
(rl --I c) .--S C) UI -J u.) O)

N
ul
^}-
N)
cr)
@
O
(Jl
(r)
.-.5
C)
@
8r.
o
1t\)
O)
(^)
O)
(o
a
f''..)
(c)
.D-
Ct)
N)
N)
@
.J
(,
-.J

N)
{
.--.)
N)
o
!
Cf)
\l
(.o
fr.
{
..-l
(,) +
z,
@ ! { LN u.) N -.-S
{ C
s
(o
(^o
&.)
--!
It\) o)
(,
"|r,
(l.)
-..1
s
(^)
O)
{
--.I

@
*}r.
O (o LN
ul s 3
(o (o o) o N) \] o)
--a f.J @ N o cr
(D
o
--S (.o
O
6 o) r
(o
(^)
(o
'(, N .--I
O) (o O) -T
C)
ul {
--S
s-
.T-
(^) N)
c) aq
\J
(^) o C) tw @
c)
O)
(^) r r o N)
@ ^$-
..S O)
(o (, @ .r+f
---I --!
c) (o ! (rl .}. (^) N) ...5 .-S
---I
(l.)
f\) ---I N) ul *$. $\'. f'\) @ O \1
c) (.o ul
--.S
(^) C)
\l
O)
N)
(^)
@
.}-
r -.-I
(o '
r\,
--5
(o
--S
.-S
o o.
-.-l
{ o-T
--r
N)
--S --.}
c) @ O) .}- (^) 1\) N --| \1
a
\/
ul
-S

r
C^) ...-l
@
o
}- --l
(o @ ul O -A
(^) @
.-5
\] -.-5 c) (^)
O)
C) o-l c) "!\
(.rl
.-I
...S
-..1 ul C)
C) --S
.--S
--J
(^) l\) --S
..-) @ o, ul f. N N --I
@
@ .|r. --l @ \l $r. .--l
@ f\) N) (I) ..-5
f\)
S
\]
(rr
(o
@
S-
\l s
o)
O
'a--l
@
-S
c)
C)
.-I
N)
S.
$-
.}- -.5

.-.5
(,
--5 -5 (o { ul ..}. (^) N (o
O
(^)
o)
n\)
f\) (I) (^)
(o
@
(o
ul c)
(, r ---l
(^.)
ul r .J
N
@ ul .J
N)
r C)
(o
..J
o) .-,S F\) l\)
O)
..-S r (, N
---l
O)
.-.s
^}-
-.)
(, ---)
O @
(f O)
(^)
s
(o
(^)
(^)
N
O)
.S ...1
() ...S
u.)
f- N f\)
(l.)
.D-
ul O
o @ r..s cf .--l
(,
^}.
S N) (^)
.--s (^)
r ul (^) (^o .-S .-.S

.-l
\l
...-S
ul s
--f
..-5
--l o
(I)
O) (, L.) N) --S
ul
.-.1
(f
ul
(o @ l\) N)
(I) t\)
@. (l.) (Jt @
@ (^o -,5
.}-
\l ul \l N CI) --5 (o
@ \l N) () sr.
^}- -S (^) cD .}-
.Oo
;*eqrll u::; .:L-*,\i-Jo $t ib'"i,;r
I

+ :Ar)rr^^,{ a-LJ t ;{r-n I tDrril-.^] ulr I r-rc\-,Jl


.,r-.L y t l-)t but LU r a-,i; | / dt'
YOUR NOTES :
1

i
rl
G

a @,,,t
IL
oOo
S* (^) (^) (^) rw N) l',J ra S:$
o @ O) N) @ (JI f\)
--A
@
--l
cr)
-t
N) o is3 -T
lc,
.---I
(, o o
Cf) -.1
(Jt -S

In
.--J
C)
.{ N)
O)
!n
(rl
s)
(^)
(, N) (JT
-l
---l
s) S o
.\l r\ o
..J

oO)
N)
N)
!
A-
N)
.S-
ir
q.) 5
(rl
Ol)
\l
o
!
9)
o t)
o \: ul
-.1 ..+r
--..) --l q) F .J
N) -,5
.(, o
-.-J @
() ..S (o (, ]v N)
P
.-.5
N 6)
.(,l
s }-
Es
'cD $r.
(,
iT,
o b .@
()
(rl tJ o O
-l
-I
C)
.J
C) (o "}- !
-5 -J
ul o
--L
c) (o @ O) s- (, N) C
r- .Q
(r' C)
\
-5
b.. fi}- F
N)
.@
(^)
s) .c)
-J

.cr)
ro
t) sn
N)
-.S
:.J If,
(, }. O)
N)
\1 8r. u.) C)
@ ur @
(, ()
o) N) ..+l
o
(,
\l (I) (, A- (^) N) -l N
!n N (^)
t) N) sD (rl sn
\ o, o
\l O)
-5

\1 \ (,
.(JJ
(,
(o
(^)
u.)
a

.F Sr.
N)
A-
-J
(, TD
o
@ .--5
N) f\)
{ -T i

I\ (, -\ r a
I

O) ul N) N) (I) -.-t
f.
i'
-t
--J
@ .(, s- --5
t

.(rl @ .-I
>r ..l
@ o :--: (\o N) O
a

\ (, $r. b.. h..


(, A
(,.) ---5 \] o, o (Jf -..1 -..1 (.o (I) LO
c)
I

lr
i'
(,
s
ii
(I)
N)
ul ul
.o .o
.T\
s)
N
D- -a
N)
.J

s) ul !^) N)
3 I
it
iit'
s]) '(, (o
-J

'cD rJ (.o N) .(o o b, il

(rl o -.-t @
c) s- C) \ U] ul (^) C)
5
--5

ul U] s- N (,
.(/l
@
\l
O
i--
(-rl
'1.\)
(,
(l")
(,
a

N
1\)
N
(^)
..-.}
'o
-5
Cf)
'@
-5
.S
N)
(o
.@
(o
.l-
(,
i) h..
:N)
N)
(,
a-
ro
ul @ N) LO (^) LO

ul
--.5
f
c)
'N)
S-
crl
Sr.
s)
o.)
N)
N)
,F
.-I
(o
'(I,
-$

O .@
r\ (, N)
ro
!n c)
g=r
a

{ t.S
Ln
(,
a

l'--3' . .-S -.S


\l O) it
@ (/.) N) u.) N) o) Sr. N) a,\ f;{
l,l
^}. ril

5 (^) N N) -.-5
--5 r\
Iil
I ri

N
ilrl

(rl
"tr-.
'\l i\)
--I N .(o lt\) N s, .(o N N) I{

-)
a ifl

5 c) f\) 'S- @
(, @ N) (^)
-.-t @ N H

-.-l
N) (Jr
o N) *}r, -.S (I) (.rl
rfl
iil
:il
'LR

iil
(^)
.Dr.
-.5
'(.o
(/")
.'-f, s,
N)
(_7)
N)
.c)
-.>
(I)
.-J

N o
'S- O) (, lW
i:l

ij
,i

C)
G)
-...\
r
s-
'@ ul '(^)
cr)
b, {
a

! \
\l
b,
N)
,l
tiri
1

-S
"}r. \J t:4

(, rr) N) l',t)
.--l
--) .-5
;l

o
I

.(Jl r{' (o N)
-

:J f- S (rl (^) N) (,
I]l

(o
N)
'N
-l,

----t
C)
(o
'(o
o o) b
(,
bo
O)
N)
CI)
\
.S-.
;$
(^)
'N)
(, crl
rl
ii i
i.:
,l
li
lii

irj
(,.) f\) N)
i.'';
N,.) --5 rtl
,e' ..-.1
(o (n
N O) l\)
i:ll
.-s (n O ...4
a
ul t)
it

fr
.}l.

(r.)
.@
(,
(f)'
r a

.\
-.5 b.. N
@
a

(-rl
(n
b bo
(,
io
(Jl
fl..
C)
,,i
I

(Jl G) I

# N) N) N) -.-t ..-.}
,d
it I
lli
lrl

.\] .\] (, --.l


@ ,ul $r' N r' ii
I
(o .(-rl
!\) N N tr,
.c)
(I) Sr. O) s:. (, \] tr.
(,
i:
'i

$
'$

*
r --..\
CD
(, (o LO --l
(Jr ul \l N) (-rl
i.l
li
l,:
ii.J

s
&
-*.

t:

:..
N)
ul
N,)
N) BI .-r
.o)
-..\
N)
'(^)
(o
bo
s (,
b f-
C)
N) -)
(,
a (,
'O)
3I o)
ti
I

C) i.J c)
&
--S
s\ (o LO N) N) (:l @ N) o) \l

'l i

o@o
,t
t:
oOo

l@r
oOo
-t
T
T
1O
'=
x
i.{

m
(D
rn
z.
(f
-t,
o
z
II

{
a

J@.
oOo

-)-
O-) a
lDW
tll-t
iveftbb)l
.-
./
f/ r! ,-,
r tg xtw byxd -Vrjv
600 7 6/r 5 3 x 38 /-6 x 80 1.5 _ 1.0

810 103 57 x 4.1 55 x 100 2.0 _ 1.5

10 4A 132 63x tr.L 64 x 120 3 0 2A

12.90 16 /. 6 9 x l-,.7 73 x 1tr0 35_ 3.0

15 B0 20 1 7L x50 82 x 160 {r0 35


18 80 239 80 x 5 3 91 x 180 4.5 - l- 0

22 t-0 285 85x 56 100x 200 5.0_ 45

26 20 33'tr 9.25x 5 I 110 x 220 55_ 50


30 70 391 9 85x 6-2 120x 2tr0 60 _ 5.5
36.1 0 159 1026x66a 135x 270 7,0 60

i
*
t
I
:

>.' t
i

+
l

't
7

o@o
J
ai-

oOo
;I,;Jtru[+t;l lrqrl*:
2r4)v steJt 4
a

3.5 'E 3.0 18 - 15 1

1.0 - 3'5 21
- 1'8 2

1.5 "'- lr.0 25-21 3

5.0 'i-D 4.'5 30T2s t,

5.0 d>:fi' 35- 30 5

(?t ,*L*)l 2/ a
A)

70 rr- 65 4l Ult4l)--? 1

L5 - lr0 )H 2

15 --, 12 4;r^O-i-.? 3

60 ''- 55 4tJr+r+ ,Q)-2 )::? lr

5s (ts
50 5

: --.}U.q,)\.

o@o
NOTES

o@o
L
f.&}.b [-.

IILI F
t
r,ff t'\
b
o o
c)
.}.

C) C)
a

c) o o ,3
a
;
N

i-
@
A-

a-
(o
o
5
(o
g)

$-
$
A- N) (^) (, N) N) -J -.S

i-
N (, @
NI
\t t \t
(^) N) -J
(, -rl
(Jl
.-J
N
.J
(r1"\ o .-f
c) 5\ ul c)
c)
()
c)
c)
o
ul
()

I
\ t\

h I
\
\r
E

\
a\ a\
'h
[l
\. t.
.-J
\ \, \. \ \ t. \, h \, {\'
-J
. -J .-J

\'I
.J a:
aarl

i; N) :'s
-l tLJ -J
f-'
.}-
aa

T. (,
aa

.}-
'aa
-S
(, I(,
--l
Y 3 @
s- o)
\
f
t
\(, \ \ \
(^) (^) N) N ]
u\ u

..r
t .Ir .tr .tr I .tr t l
t': \ \ \ \
P. e. P. e.

N \
a

ii
\.
L h' ? Y
-J
N)
.-)
..J -l
C)
tt t (o
.F

\
@ \l
.Ii

(I)
f

(,
{
Sr.
{.
(,
[.
N)
[.

-J
Ir

o@o
oao
t.t,
L $.L
h
N
o
.t.
5l al
(rl
['
F
[ ]I
f.t

t $I t \; L
.}. u) $ (, I,'\
(, ul ul ul hE

ll $t
c) (f,
N
t
5
hr
ll o
-J, ..J
UI
rt
f.
; ; N) -a o) ; ; o) (, \.
g) o (, N) (, (^) C) (,

c)
C)
o
(,
o o
a.

N J
b
LN
;
(rl
c)
(^)
o
(n.
N
ul
\
I
ul [.
s
I

q Ft
(rl
s
lx
ul
\l "(J1
N
N
C)
r\
tt
\. \ \. \ \ \
\
\.
\
\-
BT

\. \ \
:LI
.t)\
-J

(,
'u
l I -t:

t
\
o.)
\
N ] .t
rf
n"
f.

.\-\
3
'lE-
rF

's. .u
.ts
I \- :
\3
- .L [i
t\ .\,
.$ .rts
t -
.D

[)
O
a'D

oF \ \ \
,Its .\ F $
rIt t
\\
\- .r
,t .F.I .L
.r t' of
.E .B "F
\r s t\ .F .r E\
B
t.
t-
\ ,.il
(^) (,
t (,
\
(,
(,
u
(, (,
L
E * l-E
N) N N)
\l
N N)
(,
O) ul 8r. -J c) (.o @ { CD

o@o !
I

,l-
OOO
-t s
$ \
pp 5
r
Y i9\ r
o C) rc) c) {
{"*

.\. .\. s.
.$. r\. 'f F
\
k \
'\. '\.
NT

q t ht[ $
t hh $ h
h
ts
tt.
['I
o c) C)
o (,) }.
F,q
o o o
c)
(, u.) r o
C)
5 5 (,
;
N)
N
(^)
N'
ul
f\)
s N
(,
N
$
.-S
o a-,5

N)
.-f
lt\)
--J
(,
(^)
o N)
(^)
.,4
(n_
(o
()
(o
o o
(,l \t
c)
(o
c)
\t
I $,
L
()
Ie'
$
s
(,
!
(,
s
(n
\1
(,
\l
f-
ul
c)
F
+
c)
N)
(f
..}.
N)
O
.}.
N)
c) tr F
fx. tx
Il' '\t*
frt
a\,
fr 'f. .F 'LI
\ \ t
\ il
..
\ \. $ h t,
-.5 -J
.--.1
--S .-S .J aa,

-J .J .-.S .-.S ..-S


N) N f\)
r (, (, s (,
a a.

(,
ao

(^) ul
;

I
5 ;
]
N
I tt I I \
N)
a

a
\ \
N
ul
\
ul
u
rt* \
.$
t.T LL. L I
$b
l'
\ \ R. (:
\- e. t). t. .6

t
L.
$ .s
.E .F
.E JI
.r .FE .r [- 'F. .s
[- rr I P F .}.
.F -s
r.
sh t' .rE
I 'r -s
a\

g. .k
\- :E \ .E .E
\. E E '=* :E :E. :E.
N)
.}r.
N)
u.)
N
N)
N)
--.)
N)
C)
-.-l
(o
-J
@
.-.,5
N
..-S
(I) -.)
ul r
-t
.-J
(^) f.

o@o
oOo
MISCELLANEOUS
CONVERSION FACTORS (1 )

To convert
No. 1 1 into 2 2 into 1

muttipty by
mrn. In. .0393 7 25.4
cm in. .3
937 2.54
cm. ft. .0328 30.4I
m. in. 39.37 .0251,,
nl . f t. 3.281 .3018
mrn? in? 1.5 5.x 10 -3 615.2
'cm ? in.2 .1 55 6.152
cm? ft2 1.0 76x 1g-3 929.0
6? in? !
1 550 6./152x1 0-4
6? tt? 10.76 .093
mpn? in.3 6.1 x 1g-5 16387
cm? in9 .061 16.387
5
crn9 3.5 2x1 0 283 1 7
6? in9 61023.3 1.63 8x10-s
. pp3 ft3 35.3 17 .0283
1& rb 2.205 0./'535
Ton Kip 2.205 0.4535
Kg /m tb /'i n .056 17.85

o@.
oOo
SCELLANEOUS
MI
CONVERSION FACTORS t2)
To conv ert
No. 1 into 2 2 into 1

#ffi
ffi.,
mutt ipty by
ffi Kg/ m rb/tt .67 22 1.1r875
Kq /crn tb/ in2 11.225 .0743
Kg /crn2 tb / t1z 2049.5 lr.8 8x1 g-4
'Kg/m2 tb/ in2 1.122x.|9* 742 .94
Kg/ m2 lb/ft2 ,20 19 lr. II
To n/ rn2 tb/f* 2Alr.95 lr.8 I xl g-3
Kg /ctn3 lb/ in3 36.133 .02767
Kg /cm3 tb/ft3 62138.6 1.6 x 1g-5
K g/m3 lb,/ in3 3.613x10-s 2767 5.5
KS/ m3 lb/ f t3 .062t, 16. 0
Ton / m3 tb /tt3 62.48 .016
Kg'cm tb. in .8691 1.1519
Kg.c m tb.f t 0723 13.826
Kg. m Ib-in 86.81 .01152
Kg'm tb.ft 7.232 .13 82
Ton.m tb.f t 7 232 1.3 82x1O/'

o@o
o
NOTES

o@: O
oOo
REFERENCES :

1. Buitd ing code reguirernents for re inf o rced concrete


(ACl 318 - 63)
2. Buitding code reguirements for reinf orced concret e
(ACt 318 - 77)
3. The British stondord code of proctice
CP- 3 code of bos'ic doto for the design of
buitdings, choPter Y, Port 1 1967 Deod ond im-
posed loods
4. The reinforced concrete designers hondbook
by. Chorles Reynotcl .

5. Design of concrete st ruct ures

by: George ' Winter & Arthur H. Nitson


-.--J\^I\
- "\-Al .6

+:t+-t j +4-
. ;\,^-UtU e2r.*:tt 7
. ai)rf4-ui.oe
LtJt -/
l*rl_-*,3]t
'*U{l
PI ".;fl

o@o
NOTES
.1.

oOo
-b"
t
'r

oOo
NOTES :

I
:

il

q
{

[. ".*-i

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen