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Chart of Grammar Tenses

INDEFINITE CONTINUOUS PERFECT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

+ V , when he, she, it + V s, es am


+ have
+ have
+ + V3 or V1 + d,ed + been + V1+ ing
1 1
is + V1 + ing has has
? do, does + V s, es 1
are

– do, does + not + V s, es am ? have


has
+ V3 or V1 + d,ed ?
have
has + been + V1+ ing
?
1
is + V1 + ing
ACTION HAPPENS IN THE PRESENT, are – have
– have
PRESENT

+ not + V3 or V1 + d,ed + not + been + V1 + ing


ON A REGULAR BASIS OR REPEATS. has has
am
every day, always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom – is + not + V1 + ing ACTION HAPPENED BY THE MOMENT ACTION BEGAN IN THE PAST, HAS BEEN GOING
are OF SPEAKING AND WAS COMPLETED. ON UP TO THE PRESENT MOMENT. AND IS EITHER
I want to let you know, that sometimes I THE RESULT OF THE ACTION IS SPECIFIED. STILL CONTINUING OR JUST FINISHED.
write blog posts. (Just for your record). ACTION IS HAPPENING NOW,
AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING. already, just, recently, lately, this week, today,  since, ever, yet for, up to now, all day, since

now, at this moment I have already written a blog post today. I have been writing the blog post for 2 hours
(I have expressed all of my thoughts regarding already. (And I will keep on doing it!)
I am writing a blog post right now. the topic, I won’t write anything else).
(Please, don’t interrupt me!)

+ V2 or V1 + d,ed
+ was
+ V1 + ing
+ had + V3 or V1 + d,ed + had + been + V + ing 1
were
? did + V1 + d,ed
? had + V3 or V1 + d,ed
? had + been + V + ing 1

– did + not + V1 + d,ed ? was


were
+ V1 + ing
– had + not + been + V + ing

1
had + not + V3 or V1 + d,ed
PAST

ACTION HAPPENED IN THE PAST ONCE


OR HAPPENED IN THE PAST REPEATEDLY. – was
were
+ not + V1 + ing
ACTION HAPPENED IN THE PAST BEFORE
ACTION BEGAN BEFORE A DEFINITE MOMENT IN
THE PAST, CONTINUED UP TO IT AND WAS OR WAS
ANOTHER PAST ACTION OR ANOTHER MOMENT NOT HAPPENING DURING THAT PAST MOMENT.
yesterday, last, ago ACTION WAS HAPPENING AT CERTAIN MOMENT IN THE PAST.
IN THE PAST. before, for one hour, since, all day
I wrote a blog post yesterday. (A very long already, before, until then
one!) at ten o’clock last night, when, while, as long as I had been writing a blog post for 2 hours when
I had finished writing the blog post last you called me yesterday. (That’s why I did not answer).
I was writing a blog post at 2 p.m. yesterday. night when you called me.

+ shall
will + V1 + shall
will
+ be + V1 + ing + shall
will + have + V3 or V1 + d,ed + will
shall
+ have + been + V1 + ing

? ? ? ? shall
shall shall shall
+ be + V1 + ing + have + been + V1 + ing
will + V1 + have + V3 or V1 + d,ed
will will will
FUTURE

– shall
will + V1 – shall
will
+ be + V1 + ing – shall
will + have + V3 or V1 + d,ed – shall
will
+ have + not + been + V1 + ing

ACTION WILL HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE ACTION WILL HAPPEN AT A DEFINITE MOMENT OR ACTION WILL HAVE BEEN COMPLETED BEFORE ACTION BEGAN IN THE PAST, LASTED FOR SOME
ONCE OR WILL HAPPEN REPEATEDLY. DURING A DEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME IN THE FUTURE. A DEFINITE MOMENT IN THE FUTURE OR BEFORE TIME, WILL CONTINUE AND WILL BE COMPLETED
THE BEGINNING OF ANOTHER FUTURE ACTION. AT SOME POINT IN THE FUTURE.
tomorrow, next, soon when, next, at this time tomorrow
by, before, until by, before, until, for
I will write my second blog post next week. I will be writing a blog post tomorrow at 10 a.m.
(I usually finish my breakfast at that time). I will have written the blog post by 3 p.m. for I will have been writing blog posts for a year
sure. (It’s 2.30 p.m. right now). on the 15th of May.

+ – Affirmative, ? – Question, – – Negative


V1 – Base Form, V2 – Past Simple, V3 – Past Participle (see the list of irregular verbs)
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