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To cite this article: Wu Li, Yan-Ming Zhu & Hui Wang (2017) The effects of igneous intrusions
on coal-bed macerals, maturity, and adsorption, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization,
and Environmental Effects, 39:1, 58-66, DOI: 10.1080/15567036.2016.1200166
Article views: 14
Download by: [University of Newcastle, Australia] Date: 17 January 2017, At: 04:20
ENERGY SOURCES, PART A: RECOVERY, UTILIZATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
2017, VOL. 39, NO. 1, 58–66
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2016.1200166
ABSTRACT KEYWORDS
Coal samples JM, M1-M18 selected around dykes A and B from the Qiwu Coal; igneous intrusions;
mine were used to investigate the effects of igneous intrusions on coal-bed macerals; porosity;
macerals. The results of the experiments and calculations show that the vitrinite reflectance
vitrinite reflectance of coal samples decreases sharply from 3.4% to 0.72%
with increasing distance from dyke A and later remains at 0.8%. There are
many thermogenic pores in the micrograph of samples JM, M1, and M5,
while the pores of other samples are generally of the fusinite and telinite
types. The porosity of sample M5 is 12.99%, and the average pore size is
280 nm, which is greater than that of samples M6–M18, the pore sizes of
which range from 3.23% to 4.45% with an average of 17.8 nm. The V L and
3
PL for sample M1 are 8.44 m /t and 0.93 MPa, respectively. Based on the
3 3
change in VL, which ranges from 7.43 m /t to 8.67 m /t with an average of
3
8.14 m /t, the research area can be divided into three zones.
1. Introduction
The physicochemical properties of coal seams change under heating variations, which can lead to the
transformation of macerals (Xu et al., 2014). The mechanical properties of coal seams (Singh et al.,
2002) and their mineralogy and geochemistry (Schimmelmann et al., 2009) are also affected.
Additionally, coal seams around igneous intrusions follow a typical maturity series, which is useful
for investigating mine-safety problems, coal-bed methane capability (Gurba and Weber, 2001), the
macromolecular and pore structures of coal (Valentim et al., 2011), and the presence of gas (Wang et
al., 2013b). The metamorphic grade, micropore volume, amount of gas adsorbed, initial speed of gas
desorption, and amount of desorption all increase in the magma-affected area. Many key coalbed
methane (CBM) basins have been affected by igneous intrusions (Stewart et al., 2005; Wang et al.,
2013a). Some studies have focused on how the relationship between coal seam structure and CBM
capability is affected by igneous intrusion and CBM (Dias et al., 2014). As the gas adsorption barrier
was improved using micropores and fissures, the methane content of coal seams increased and their
oil generation decreased with decreasing distance (Gurba and Weber, 2001). However, the sorption
capacity decreased gradually when the vitrinite reflectance was beyond 3.4%. The porosity of coal
seams near igneous intrusions is greater than that of normal coal seams (Yao et al., 2011; Wu et al.,
2014). However, the heating model of igneous intrusions and its effects on macerals, maturity, and
adsorption should be given more attention. The present study concentrates primarily on the analysis
of igneous intrusions’ characteristics on coal using igneous intrusions. The objectives of the present
work are to calculate certain parameters; the temperature of the coal seam; the change in the maceral
CONTACT Wu Li liwucumt@126.com Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resource & Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry
of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China.
Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/ueso.
© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ENERGY SOURCES, PART A: RECOVERY, UTILIZATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 59
content as a function of the distance from dyke; and the adsorption capacity of coal affected by
igneous intrusions.
2.2 Experiments
Proximate and ultimate analyses of the powdered coal samples were performed. The vitrinite
reflectance, maceral content, and pore characteristics were analyzed using a ZEISS microscope
photometer. The instrument used for measuring and testing the pore structure was a 9310 mercury
injection pore tester. The adsorption capacity of the coal samples was measured using an IS-100
Sorption and Desorption Isotherm. Six data points were recorded for each sample, and the equili-
brium time was more than 6 h under CH4.
2.3 Theory
The Easy Ro method can be described using first-order Arrhenius reactions. The vitrinite reflectance
is calculated from the following correlation relationship obtained by Jerry and Alan (1990): %Ro =
exp (−1.6 + 3.7°F). The maximum paleo temperature attained (Tpeak) can be calculated using the
mean vitrinite reflectance (Ro) in the following equation, which was established by Barker and
Pawlewicz (1994): Tpeak = (In (Ro) + 1.19)/0.00782.
temperature was in the range from 128 to 1,000°C. The relationship between the distance from dyke
A and the temperature is exponential and expressed by the following formula: Y = 840.26122exp
2
(−X/0.09849) + 159.73609 with R = 0.9955.
Figure 1. (a) The distribution of sample collection locations. (b) The relationship between the temperature and the
distance from the contact point.
3 2
(0.0275 cm /g and 6.6391 cm /g, respectively), which was collected 1.2 m from dyke A. This result
indicates that the effect of igneous intrusions is greater on an overlying coal seam than on a lateral
coal seam. The relationship between the median pore diameter by volume and the total pore volume
2 2
is expressed by the following polynomial: y = 148,176x – 11,893x + 233.99 with R
= 0.9977. The relationship between the average pore size and the porosity is y = 9.932Ln(x) –
2
24.181, R = 0.9581 (Figure 4). The graph of the macerals shows that there were some large pores in
samples M1, JM, and M5. Hence, these samples were more porous and had larger average pore sizes.
1400 2
Median pore diameter 1200
y = 148176x - 11893x + 233.99 b
2
R = 0.9977
volume/nm 1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
3
Total mercury volume/cm /g
25 c
y = 9.932Ln(x) - 24.181
20
Porosity/%
R2 = 0.9581
15
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Average pore size/nm
Figure 4. (a) The relationship between porosity and distance from the intrusion. (b) The relationship between
median pore diameter volume and total mercury volume; the relationship between porosity and average pore size.
fills space in the coal. Zone 3: When the distance from dyke A was more than 4 m away, the capacity
of coal to adsorb CH4 decreased to its normal value.
4. Conclusions
The chemical property of short-range bituminous coal with two dykes intrusion changes due to the
thermally of coal seam. Under the effect of thermal evolution and entrapment of the dyke, the
vitrinite reflectance decreased sharply from 3.4% to 0.72% as the distance from the intrusion
increased (0.2–4 m) and subsequently remained at 0.8% (4–90 m). The width affected by vitrinite
reflectance was approximately 4 m or one-seventh of the dike (28 m). There were many thermogenic
pores in the micrograph of sample M1, and the other samples’ pores were primarily of the fusinite
and telinite types. The porosity of sample M5 was 12.99%, which was greater than those of samples
M6–M18, which ranged from 3.23% to 4.45%. The values of VL and PL for sample M1 were 8.44
3
m /t and 0.93 MPa, respectively. According to the coal seam distribution of igneous dyke, vitrinite
reflectance, gas adsorption capacity, and pore characteristics, the following area can be divided into
three zones. The change in the characterization of its macerals, its maturity, and its adsorption
capacity could have contributed to the depletion of aliphatic compounds.
Funding
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41472135,
No. 41072117, and No. 41430317). The authors also thank the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China
(Grant No. BK20160243) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (No. 2015M581878).
66 W. LI ET AL.
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