RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

Vignan Institute of Technology & Science

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

UNIT I QUESTIONS
1 (a) Give block diagram of simple radar. 2M Remember
(b) Explain basic elements of Radar system. 3M Understand
(c) Derive the expression for maximum radar range equation. 10M Analyze
2 (a) Explain the usage of a Duplexer in the Radar system.. 2M Understand
(b) Give the parameters effecting the radar range equation. 3M Remember
(c) Draw the block diagram of a radar system and explain the operation of Apply
each block in it. 10M
3 (a) List out some important applications of a radar system. 2M Remember
(b) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of Radar. 3M Understand
(c) Write down the applications of a radar system and explain the pulse Remember
characteristics of a radar system. 10M
4 (a) Define Unambiguous range in a radar. 2M Recall
(b) Evaluate the relation between pulse repetition frequency and pulse Evaluate
repetition period. 3M
(c) Explain about minimum detectable signal. 10M Understand
5 (a) What is meant by false alarm. 2M Remember
(b) Write about effects due to integration of radar pulses. 3M Remember
(c) Derive expression for modified radar range equation in terms of noise Analyze
figure. 10M
6 (a) Discuss about pulse repetition frequency. 2M Understand
(b) Discuss about system losses in radar system. 3M Understand
(c) Explain about signal to noise ratio in terms of radar range equation. 10M Analyze

7 Discuss the parameters on which maximum detectable range of a radar Understand

system depends.
8 What are the specific bands assigned by the ITU for the radar? What the Remember
corresponding frequencies?
9 What are the different range frequencies that radar can operate and give their Apply
applications?
10 What are the basic functions of radar? Indicating the position of a target, Apply
11 what is the difference between azimuth and elevation? Analyze
12 Derive fundamental radar range equation governed by minimum receivable Analyze
echo power smin.
13 Describe how threshold level for detection is decided in the presence of Evaluate
receiver noise for a specified probability of occurrence of false alarms.
14 Describe the effect of pulse repetition frequency on the estimated Understand
unambiguous range of radar.
15 Obtain the SNR at the output of IF amplifier of radar receiver for a specified Create
Probability of detection without exceeding a specified probability of false
alarm.
16 Explain system losses will effect on the radar range? Discuss about the factors Understand
that influence the prediction of radar range.
 RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

UNIT II QUESTIONS
1 (a) Describe the Doppler effect.2M Understand
(b) Write the limitations of CW Radar.3M Remember
(c) Explain the operation of CW Radar two frequencies.10M Understand
2 (a) Evaluate the relation between doppler frequency and velocity.2M Evaluate
(b) What factor determines the difference between the transmitted frequency and Evaluate
the received frequency in an FM transmitter?3M
(c) How to select the difference between two transmitted signals of CW Analyze
radar?10M
3 (a) Stationary objects are most easily detected by an FM system? Explain. 2M Apply
(b) Draw the block diagram of FMCW radar.3M Remember
(c) Why the step error and quantization errors which occur in cycle counter are Analyze
used for frequency measurement in FMCW Radar?10M
4 (a) How to find the target speed from Doppler frequency? 2M Evaluate
(b) Define beat frequency and give relation between beat frequency and Remember
range.3M.
(c) Explain how the multipath signals produce error in FM altimeter 10 M Understand
5 (a) Give Applications of Continuous wave radar? 2M Remember
(b) What is Doppler frequency shift ?3M Analyze
(c) Explain how the Doppler effect is used to determine velocity of targets in Understand
Radar Systems 10 M
6 (a) If the target and the Frequency source are moving close to each other, with Evaluate
constant velocity, explain the change in the frequency? 2M
(b) Describe about multiple frequency continuous wave radar.3M Understand
(c) Establish a relation between Doppler frequency shift and radial velocity of a Evaluate
moving target. 10M

7 With the help of a suitable block diagram, explain the operation of CW Doppler Apply
radar in a sideband super heterodyne receiver.
8 Calculate the Doppler frequency of stationary CW radar transmitting at 6 MHz Evaluate
frequency when a moving target approaches the radar with a radial velocity of
100 Km/Hour.
9 List the limitations of CW radar. Remember
10 What is Doppler frequency shift? Establish a relation between Doppler Apply
frequency shift nd radial velocity of a moving target.
11 Explain how isolation between transmitter and receiver of a radar system can be Analyze
achieved if single antenna is used for transmission and reception.
12 With the help of suitable block diagram, explain the operation of a FM-CW Understand
altimeter.
13 Discuss all the possible errors in the measurement accuracy of altitudes using a Analyze
FM-CW. radar.
14 List out the possible errors for measurement of altitudes accurately using a Remember
FM-CW altimeter.
15 Discuss the results of multiple frequency usage for operating FM-CW Understand
radar while mentioning the limitations of multiple frequency usage in CW
radars.
16 Explain Range and Doppler measurement of a target using a FM-CW radar. Understand
 RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

OBJECTIVE
TYPE
QUESTIONS
 RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

UNIT – I: INTRODUCTION

1. Radar means--------------------------------.
2. 1nmi = 1.85km = _______ m
3. The un-ambiguous Range equation is ----------------.
4. The ----------switches the antenna between the transmitter and receiver so that only one antenna can
be used.
5. The mixer and the local oscillator in radar block diagram convert -------------signal to -------------------
6. Radars are usually operated at frequencies between -----------.
7. The maximum range Rmax (in meters) of a radar as, Rmax=
8. A rectangular wave guide behaves like a _______ .
9. Max radar range is ----------- proportional to wavelength.
10. PPI in a radar system stands for --------------.

Fill in the Blanks:- Key

1. Radio Detection and Ranging.

2. 1850m.

3. cTp/2.

4. Duplexer

5. RF and IF (intermediate frequency) signal

6. 220 MHz and 35 GHz.

7. Rmax= [𝑃𝑡𝐺 𝐴𝑒𝜎]/ [(4𝜋)2𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 ]1/4

8. Transmission line

9. Inversely proportional

10. Plan position Indicator

 RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

1. Magnetrons are commonly used as radar transmitters because ________ [ a ]

a. high power can be generated and transmitted to aerial directly from oscillator
b. it is easily cooled c. it is a cumbersome device d. it has least distortion.
2. Increasing the pulse width in a pulse radar -__________ [b ]
a. increases resolution b. decreases resolution
c. has no effect on resolution d. increase the power gain
3. A high noise figure in a receiver means _________ [ a ]
a. poor minimum detectable signal b. good detectable signal
c. receiver bandwidth is reduced d. high power loss.
4. Radar transmits pulsed electromagnetic energy because ________ [ b ]
a. it is easy to measure the direction of the target.
b. it provides a very ready measurement of range
c. it is very easy to identify the targets d. it is easy to measure the velocity of target
5. A scope displays _____________ [ d ]
a. neither target range nor position, but only target velocity.
b. the target position, but not range c. the target position and range
d. the target range but not position.
6. . Which of the following indicates noise figure. [ a ]
a. (Si Ni) / (So No) b. (So No) / (Si Ni) c. (So / No ) / sqrt. ( Si / Ni) d. ( Si / Ni) / sqrt .(So / No )
7. The average power of a pulsed radar transmitter is given by [ a ]
a. The product of peak power of the pulse and the duty cycle
b. Peak power divided by the number of pulses repeated in one second.
c. Peak power divided by the duty cycle d. . Peak power divided by the duty cycle and pulse
8. Second time around echoes are caused by [ c ]
a. Second time reflection from target
b. echoes returning from targets beyond the cathode ray tube range.
c. echoes that arrive after transmission of the next pulse. d. extreme ends of bandwidth.
9. The gain of a radar transmitting antenna is [ d ]
a. loss than that of radar receiving antenna
b. almost equal to that of radar receiving antenna
c. slightly higher than that of radar receiving antenna
d. much higher than that of radar receiving antenna.
10. In case the antenna diameter in a radar system is increased to four times. The maximum range will
increase by [ c ]
a. √2 times b. 2 times c. 4 times d. 8 times.
 RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

UNIT – II: CW AND FREQUENCY MODULATED RADAR

1. FMCW radar ---------------------------------- radar.

2. Continuous-wave (CW) radar uses ----------, which renders the radar immune to interference from
large stationary objects and slow moving clutter.
3. -------------radar is a short-range measuring radar set capable of determining distance.
4. CW radar sets transmit ------------- signal continuously.
5. When the target is stationary, the frequency of the received echoes is -------------.
6. A radar used for measuring the height of an aircraft is known as -----------
7. The CW signal does more functioning as a replacement for the --------------------.
8. If the peak transmitted power in a radar system in increased by a factor of 16, the Maximum range
will be increased ---------------times.
9. The radar cross section of a target depends on the aspect of a -------------, if this is non spherical
10. A transponder comprises of ------------------------------.

Fill in the Blanks:- Key

1. Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave radar.

2. Doppler

3. CWFM radar

4. high-frequency signal

5. Constant.

6. Radar Altimeter

7. Local oscillator

8. 2 times.

9. Aspect of a target

10. Transmitter and Receiver

 RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

1. A simple CW radar does not give range information because _________ [ b ]

a. it uses the principle of Doppler shift
b. continuous echo cannot be associated with any specific part of the transmitted wave
c. CW wave do not reflect from a target d. multi echoes distort the information
2. Which of the following is the biggest disadvantage of the CW Doppler radar ? [ d ]
a. it does not give the target velocity b. it does not give the target position
c. a transponder is required at the target d. it does not give the target range
3. The Doppler effect is used in [ b ]
a. MTI b. CW c. FM d. Radar Altimeter
4. To operate with Unambiguous Doppler pulse repetition frequency is usually [ c ]
a. Low b. Very low c. High d. Very High
5. If the echo signal frequency lies below the carrier, the target is [ b ]
a. Stationary b. Receding c. approaching d. None
6. If the echo signal frequency lies above the carrier, the target is [ c ]
a. Stationary b. Receding c. approaching d. None
7. If the echo signal frequency is same as the carrier, the target is [ b ]
a. Stationary b. Receding c. approaching d. None
8. Widely used modulation technique to broaden the spectrum of a CW transmission is [ a ]
a. frequency b. amplitude c. phase d.pulse
9. ________________________ radar is used for measurement of height of the ionosphere and as an
aircraft altimeter [ b ]
a. MTI b. FM-CW c. Pulse d. pulse Doppler
10. A bank of narrow band filters are used after the detector, improves ______________ [ c ]
a. range b. velocity c. SNR d. none
 RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

UNIT-III: MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar

1. The simple MTI delay line canceller is an example of a ------------ filter.

2. The delay line must introduce a time delay equal to the ---------------------------.
3. The --------------- acts as a filter which rejects the DC component of clutter.
4. To improve characteristics of delay line we use -----------------------.
5. ----------------- have been popular for air-traffic control radars.
6. To avoid losing target echoes due to blind speeds we employ ----------------------.
7. The difference between the three pulse canceller and the optimum three pulse MTI filter is ------------.
8. MTI is a necessity in high-quality --------------- radars that operate in the presence of clutter.
9. COHO stands for -------------------------.
10. -------------is meant that the phase of the transmitted signal is preserved in the reference signal.

Fill in the Blanks:- Key

1. Time-Domain

2. Pulse Repetition Interval

3. Delay Line Canceller

4. Double Delay Line

5. Staggered PRF

6. Multiple PRF

7. Less than 2db.

8. Air-Surveillance

9. Coherent Local Oscillator

10. Coherent
 RADAR SYSTEMS Question Bank 2018-19

1. One method commonly employed to extract Doppler information in a form suitable for display on
the PPI scope is with a [ c ]
a. Power Amplifier b. A-Scope display c. Delay line canceller d. Coherent oscillator
2. The characteristic feature of coherent MIT Radar is that the [ d ]
a. Transmitted signal must be out of phase with reference signal in receiver
b. The transmitted signal must be equal in the magnitude with reference signal
c. The transmitted signal must be coherent with the reference signal in the receiver
d. Transmitted signal must not be equal to reference signal in the receiver
3. In the following which are produce, with time a butterfly effect on the 'A' scope [ c ]
a. Fixed Targets b. PPI scope c. Moving Targets d. Phase Detector
4. The stalo, coho and the mixer in which they are combined plus any low-level amplification are
called the [ d ]
a. Transmitter-Oscillator b. Transmitter-Exciter
c. Receiver-Amplifier d.Receiver-exciter
5. A simple MTI delay line canceller is an example of a [ d ]
a. Frequency domain filters b. High pass filter
c. Active filter d. Time domain filter
6. The delay line must introduce a time delay equal to the [ b ]
a. Time interval b. Pulse repetition interval c. Pulse width d. Phase shift
7. MTI stands for [ c ]
a. Moving Transmitter Indicator b. Moving target interval
c. Moving target indication d. Modulation Transmitting Interval
8. Echoes from fixed targets [ d ]
a. Vary in amplitude b. Vary in frequency
c. Vary in pulse interval d. Remains constant
9. The limitation of pulse MTI radar which do not occur with cw radar [ a ]
a. Blind speeds b. Delay lines
c. Requires more operating powers d. Requires complex circuitry
10. The presence of blind speeds within the Doppler frequency band reduces the [ b ]
a. Output of the radar b. Detection capabilities of the radar
c. Unambiguous range d. Ambiguous range