Jofkfl/s >[+vnfsf]

nflu af}l4s ;DklQ c+s M #

eljiosf] cfljisf/
;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf]
nflu k]6]G6sf]
kl/ro

ljZj af}l4s
;DklQ ;+u7g
 Jofkf/sf nflu af}l4s ;DklQ >[+vnfsf k|sfzgx¿M—
!= lrGxsf] lgdf{0f M ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fosf nflu Jofkf/ lrGxsf] kl/ro . WIPO
sf] k|sfzg gDa/ ())
@= of]Uo b]lvg' M ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fosf nflu k]6G] 6sf] kl/ro . WIPO sf] k|sfzg
gDa/ $(* .
#= eljiosf] cfljisf/ M ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fosf] nflu k]6G] 6sf] kl/ro . WIPO sf]
k|sfzg gDa/ (!& .
$= /rgfTds cleJolQm M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] kl/ro .
WIPO sf] k|sfzg gDa/ (!* -cfufdL k|sfzg_

;Dk"0f{ k|sfzgx¿ ljkf] (WIPO) sf] ljB'tLo k':ts k;nsf] WWW.wipo.int/ebookshop

df k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

c:jLs[ltM ;o; lbUbz{gdf ;dfj]z ePsf ;"rgfx¿ Jofj;flos sfg"gL ;+:yfkgsf]] nflu
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

xf]Og . o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo cfwf/e"t ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg'df dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] 5 .

k|sfzg ;DaGwL ;jf{lwsf/

sfg"gn] cg'dlt lbPsf]df afx]s o; k|sfzgsf] s'g} klg efu ;jf{lwsf/ wgLsf] lnlvt
cg'dlt lagf s'g} klg tl/sfn] rfx] ljB'tLo xf];\ jf oflGqs tj/n] k'g?Tkfbg jf ;+rf/0f
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
 e"ldsf
Joj;foLsf] nflu af}l4s ;DklQ lbUbz{gsf] >[+vnf dWo] of] t]>f] >[+vnf xf] .
of] lbUbz{g k]6]G6df s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5, h'g gofF / gjLg ;f]r Pj+ k|fljlws
;fdYo{af6 sDkgLx¿nfO{ clwstd kmfObf lng ;Ifd agfpg] d'Vo oGq xf] .
1fgsf] ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg vf; ul/sg gofF ljrf/ / ;f]r s'g} klg pBf]unfO{
b|"t ultdf kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] Jofj;flos jftfj/0fdf cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{,
cEo:t ug{ / gofF cj;/x¿nfO{ ;dfTg Pp6f pBf]usf] nflu cfjZos x'G5 .

clxn]sf] 1fgdf cfwfl/t cy{Joj:yfdf s'g} klg gjLg pBf]usf] nflu k]6]G6
/0fgLlt cfkm\gf] Jofj;flos /0fgLltsf] k|d'v tTj x'g'kb{5 . of] lbUbz{gn] ;a}
k|sf/sf pBf]ux¿n] k]6G] 6 k|0ffnLaf6 Joj;flos nfe s;/L k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\
eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;/n Pj+ Jofjxfl/s ?kdf a'emfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 . kf7sx¿nfO{
pgLx¿n] s'g} k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0f, k|of]u jf sfof{Gjog ug{ OR5's ePdf k]6]G6sf]
ljz]if1l;t k/fdz{ ug{ xfdL ;Nnfx lbg rfxG5f}+ . of] lbUbz{gn] kf7sx¿nfO{
k]6]G6 ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t 1fgsf] ;fy} lghx¿nfO{ k]6]G6sf] ljifodf ljz]if1l;t
k/fdz{ ubf{ ;xL k| Z g ;f] W g Jofjxfl/s ;" r gf pknAw u/fpF 5 .

;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;du| Joj;fo, ahf/Ls/0f Pj+ lgof{t
/0fgLlt, cfkm\gf] k|ljlw / k]6G] 6 /0fgLltnfO{ ;lDdng ug]{ p2]Zon] of] lbUbz{gsf]
k|of]u ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ul/G5 . of] lbUbz{gnfO{ cem kl/is[t agfO{ ljZjel/sf ;fgf
tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿df b]vf kg]{ cfjZostfx¿ ;Daf]wg x'g ;sf];\ eGg] x]tn ' ]
k|fKt x'g] ;'emfjnfO{ WIPO :jfut ub{5 .

/fli6«o ;+:yf / :yfgLo ;fem]bf/sf] ;xof]udf of] lbUbz{gsf] csf]{ ;+:s/0f

ljsf; ug{ ;lsg]5 / o;sf] nflu lbUbz{gsf] k|ltlnlk k|fKt ug{ WIPO df
;Dks{ /fVg WIPO xflb{s :jfut ub{5 .

sfldn Ob|L;
dxflgb]{zs -WIPO_

!
 ljifo;"rL
k]h
!= k]6]G6x? #

@= k]6]G6 s;/L k|fKt ug]{ !^

#= ljb]zdf k]6]G6 #)

$= k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlwsf] Jofj;foLs/0f #$

%= k]6]G6sf] sfof{Gjog #(
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

@
!= k]6]G6x?
k]6]G6 eg]sf] s] xf] <
k]6G] 6 s'g} gofF Pj+ gjLg r/0fx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf]
/ cf}Bf]lus k|of]usf] nflu plrt x'g] s'g}
cfljisf/sf] nflu k|bfg ug]{ Psflwsf/sf] clwsf/
xf] . k]6]G6n] dflnsnfO{ o:tf] Psflwsf/sf]
clwsf/ k|bfg u5{ h; cg';f/ s'g} klg JolQmn]
dflnssf] k"j{ :jLs[ltlagf ;f] k]6]G6sf] cfwf/df
s'g} klg j:t' agfpg, k|of]u ug{, laqmLsf] k|:tfj
/fVg, s'g} pTkfbg jf k|lqmofsf] laqmL jf cfoft
ug{af6 lgif]w jf /f]s nufpFb5 . k]6G] 6 sDkgLsf]
nflu Pp6f zlQmzfnL Jofkfl/s cf}hf/ xf] h;sf]
dfWodåf/f s'g} sDkgLn] s'g} gofF pTkfbg jf
k|lqmof dfly k"0f{ Psflwsf/ k|fKt ug'{sf] ;fy}
alnof] ahf/ Joj:yfsf] ljsf; Pj+ cfkm\gf]
cg'dltkq c?nfO{ k|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ cltl/Qm
cfo cfh{g ug{ ;Sb5 s'g} h6Ln pTkfbg
-h:t}M Sofd]/f, df]jfOn kmf]g jf uf8L_ df w]/}
k]6]G6åf/f ;'/lIft ePsf cfljisf/x¿ ;dfj]z
ePsf x'G5g\ . h;sf dflns km/s–km/s x'g
;S5g\ .
k]6]G6 s'g} b]zsf] /fli6«o k]6]G6sf] sfof{no jf
b]zx¿sf] ;d"xsf nflu If]qLo k]6G] 6sf] sfof{non]
k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 . of] ;Lldt cjlwsf] nflu j}w
/xG5 . k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg k]z u/]sf] ldltaf6 /
;dodf g} tf]lsPsf] z'Ns a'emfPdf o;sf] a}wtf
;fdfGotof @) jif{sf] nflu /xG5 . k]6]G6 Pp6f
k|fb]lzs clwsf/ xf] / of] ;DalGwt b]z jf If]qsf]
ef}uf]lns ;Ldfdf ;Lldt /xG5 .
k]6]G6n] Psflwsf/sf] clwsf/ k|bfg u/] jfkt,
cfj]bsn] k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bgdf cfljisf/sf] lj:t[t,
oyfy{ / k"0f{ lnlvt ljj/0f k|:t't u/L ;j{;fwf/0f
;dIf cfkm\gf] cfljisf/ ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{
x'G5 . w]/} h;f] b]zx¿df k|bfg ul/Psf] k]6]G6
/ k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bgnfO{ ;/sf/L d'vkq jf /fhkqdf
k|sflzt u/L ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ul/G5 .
ch]l{ G6gfsf cfljisf/stf{ x'uf] cf]lnd]/f, /f]j6f]{ sf/8g
/ O8'jf8f]{ km/gfG8]hn] cfljisf/ u/]sf] emlNsg] k]o
kbfy{ vf]Ng] ;fdfg @) eGbf a9L b]zdf k]6G] 6 ul/Psf]
5 . of] pTkfbg 8];sf]/h]6 gfds Jofkfl/s lrGx
cGtu{t cfljisf/stf{x¿åf/f :yflkt sDkgL dfkm{t\
ljZjJofkL ?kdf Jofj;foLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
HIC gfds sf]l/og df]6/;fOsnsf] x]nd]6 pTkfbs
sDkgLn] x]nd]6 pTkfbg u/] jfkt ljZje/L $@ j6f
k]6G] 6 k|fKt u/]sf] 5 / lgof{t ahf/df o;n] cfkm\gf]
pTkfbgsf] (%Ü laqmL u/L 7"nf] ;kmntf xfl;n u/]sf]
5 . sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] laqmLsf] !)Ü cg';Gwfg /
ljsf; sfo{df nufpg] u/]sf] tYon] x]nd]6 pBf]usf]
;kmntfsf] d'Vo s8L gjLgtd l8hfog /x]sf] eGg]
s'/fnfO{ dxTj lbPsf] kfOG5 .
#
 cfljisf/ s] xf] <
k]6G] 6sf] efiffdf cfljisf/nfO{ ;fdfGotof k|fljlws
;d:ofsf] nflu gofF / vf]hk"0f{ ;dfwfg eg]/
kl/eflift u/]sf] kfOG5 . of] k"0f{?kn] gofF pks/0f,
pTkfbg, pTkfbg ljlw jf k|lqmofsf] ;[hgf;Fu
;DalGwt x'g;S5 jf s'g} k"j{ ljBdfg pTkfbg
jf k|lqmofsf] ;fwf/0f ;'wf/;Fu klg ;DalGwt
x'G5 . k|s[ltdf klxn] g} ljBdfg eO/x]sf] s'g}
s'/f e]l6Psf] sf/0fn] dfq Tof] cfljisf/sf]
kl/efiffleq kg{ ;Sb}g, cfljisf/sf] bfo/fleq
kg{sf] nflu To;df dgUo dfgj k|ltef, ;[hgzLntf
/ sNkgfzlQmsf] ;DnUgtf x'g' h?/L 5 .
gjLgtfsf] zlQm
æcfljisf/Æ / ægjLgtfÆ aLrsf] leGgtfnfO{ s]nfpg'
h?/L x'G5 . cfljisf/n] s'g} k|fljlws ;d:ofsf]
k|fljlws ;dfwfgnfO{ hgfpFb5 . of] s'g} gjLgtd
ljrf/ jf sfo{ut gd"gfsf] ?kdf jf cflb?kdf
x'g ;Sb5 . gjLgtfn] cfljisf/nfO{ laqmL of]Uo
pTkfbg jf k|lqmofdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ s'/fnfO{
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
a'emfpF5 . sDkgLx¿n] gjLgtfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug's { f]
d'Vosf/0f lgDg 5g\M–
· vr{ arfpg / pTkfbzLntfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{
clek|fon] pTkfbg k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ ug{,
· pkef]Qmfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf]
nflu gofF pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/df Nofpg,
· k|lt:kwf{df cufl8 /lx/xg / ahf/df cfkm\gf]
c+z lj:tf/ ug{,
$
oBlk cfhsnsf w]/h } ;f] cfljisf/x? cg';Gwfg
/ ljsf;df ul/Psf] k|of; / bL3{sfnLg nufgLsf]
k|ltkmn eP klg sltko cj:yfdf w]/} ahf/ d"No
/x]sf] ;fdfgx¿df ;fwf/0f / sd vlr{nf] k|fljlws
;'wf/ u/] jfkt cfljisf/stf{ jf sDkgLx¿nfO{
pNn]vgLo cfDbfgL / d'gfkmf k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
· Joj;foL Pj+ u|fxsx¿sf jf:tljs / a9\bf]
cfjZostfx¿ kl/k"lt{sf] nflu k|ljlw ljsl;t
/x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{,
· c? sDkgLx¿sf] k|ljlw dfly lge{/ ug'{
kg]{ k|fljlws lge{/tfnfO{ /f]Sg .
cfhsf] cy{tGqdf sDkgL leqsf] gjLgtfnfO{
Jojl:yt ug{sf] nflu k]6G] 6 k|0ffnLsf] /fd|f] 1fgsf]
cfjZostf kb{5 . of] ePdf sDkgLn] cfkm\g}
gjLgtf / ;[hgfTds Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df clwstd
nfe lng ;Sg'sf] ;fy} c? k]6]G6jfxsl;t
d'gfkmfdf cfwfl/t ;fem]bf/Lsf] :yfkgf ug'{sf]
cnfjf c?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|ljlwsf] cglws[t
k|of]u ug{af6 ;d]t /f]Sb5 . w]/} k]6G] 6 xfn cfP/
h6Ln / cfljisf/df cfwfl/t 5g\ . h'g km/s–km/s
k]6]G6sf dflnsx¿sf] :jfldTjdf x'G5 .
tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] cfljisf/nfO{ lsg
k]6]G6 ug'{kb{5 <
5f]6f] pTkfbg rqm / a9\bf] k|lt:kwf{n] pBf]ux¿nfO{
gjLgtd x'g / c? sDkgLx¿sf] gjLgtfdf kx'rF
k|fKt u/L 3/]n' / lgof{t ahf/df k|lt:kwL{
/lx/xgsf] nflu cTolws bafa kl//x]sf] 5 .
k]6]G6åf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] Psflwsf/sf] clwsf/
gjLgtd sDkgLx¿sf] nflu r'gf}tLk"0f{, hf]lvdk"0f{
/ ultzLn Jofj;flos jftfj/0fdf ;kmn aGgsf]
nflu Hofb} g} dxTjk"0f{ x'g ;S5 . cfljisf/x¿nfO{
k]6]G6 ugf{sf k|d'v sf/0f lgDg 5g\M
· alnof] ahf/ cj:yf / k|lt:kwL{ nfeM
k]6G] 6n] dflnsnfO{ k]6G] 6 u/]sf] cfljisf/nfO{
c?åf/f Jofj;foLs/0f ug]{ sfo{af6 lgif]w
jf /f]s nufpg ;Sg] Psflwsf/ k|bfg
ub{5 . h;n] clglZrtf / hf]lvdnfO{ sd
ug's { f] ;fy} hyfefjL ug{ / gSsnstf{nfO{
klg b'?T;flxt ub{5 . olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn]
s'g} d"Nojfg\ k]6G] 6 ul/Psf] cfljisf/sf]
:jfldTj k|fKt u/]sf] 5 jf To;nfO{ k|of]u ug]{
cg'dlt kfPsf] 5 eg] Tof] sDkgLn]
k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ To:t} lsl;dsf] cfljisf/
ahf/df k|jz ] gu/fpgsf] nflu /f]Sg
;S5 . o;n] Tof] sDkgLnfO{ ;DalGwt ahf/df
ljlzi6 v]nf8L aGgdf ;xof]u ug]5 { .
· nufgLdf pRr gfkmf jf cfDbfgLM olb
tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] cg';Gwfg / ljsf; sfo{df
dgUo ;do / k};f vr]s { f] 5, cfljisf/sf]
k]6]G6 ;+/If0f ePsf] 5 eg] To;n] vr{sf]
c;"nL / nufgLdf pRr cfDbfgL k|fKt ug{df
;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 .
· k]6]G6, c?nfO{ k|bfg u/L k|fKt x'g]
cltl/Qm cfoM tkfO{sf] cfkm\gf] sDkgLsf]
cltl/Qm cfo ;[hgf ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg]
tkfO{n] Psd'i7 e'QmfgL lnO{ jf /f]ofN6L
kfpg] lx;fadf cfkm\gf] cfljisf/ dflysf]
clwsf/ cGo JolQmnfO{ ;'lDkg ;Sg'
x'G5 . s'g} k]6]G6 a]Rg' -jf s;}nfO{ lbg'_
eg]sf] :jfldTjsf] x:tfGt/0f ug'{ xf] eg]
k]6G] 6sf] cg'dlt kq k|bfg ug{' eg]sf] lglb{i6
zt{x¿sf] clwgdf /xL of] k]6]G6sf] k|of]u
ug'{ dfq xf] .
· ldl>t cg'dltkq dfkm{t k|ljlwdf
kx'FrM olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] c? s'g}
sDkgLsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|ljlwk|lt ?lr
/fVb5 eg] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] sDkgLsf] k]6G] 6
dfkm{t ldl>t cg'dltkqsf] ;Demf}tf tof/
ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . h; cg';f/ tkfO{sf] sDkgL
/ csf]{ kIfn] ;Demf}tfdf lglb{i6 u/]sf] zt{
adf]lhd Ps csf{sf] Ps jf ;f] eGbf
a9L k]6]G6x¿ k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg
ub{5g\ .
· gofF ahf/x¿df kx'r F M k]6G] 6sf] cg'dlt
kq -jf slxn]sflxF ljrf/fwLg k]6G] 6_ c?nfO{
k|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbPdf tkfO{nfO{ gofF
ahf/x¿df kx'rF k|fKt x'g ;Sb5 . h'g s'g}
sf/0fjz tkfO{sf] nflu kx'FrljxLg x'g
;SbYof] . o;f] x'gsf] nflu tkfO{sf] cfljisf/
;DalGwt ljb]zL ahf/df klg ;+/lIft x'gk' b{5
%
 · cltqmd0fsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f M
k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0f k|fKt u/]df tkfO{n] c?
JolQmx¿nfO{ ;f]xL cfljisf/sf] k]6]G6 ug{
/f]Sg ;Sg'x'G5 / cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf]
Jofj;foLs/0f ubf{ c?sf] clwsf/nfO{
cltqmd0f ug{ ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ klg Go"g
ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . k]6]G6 :jod\n] æk|of]u ug]{
:jtGqtf pknAw u/fpFbg} a? o;n] To:t}
jf ldNbf]h'Nbf] cfljisf/sf] k]6]G6 ug{af6
c?nfO{ /f]s nufpFb5 / tkfO{n] k]6]G6
u/]sf] cfljisf/ gofF Pj+ k"jj{ tL{ snfÆ eGbf
pNn]vgLo ?kdf km/s 5 eGg] dgfl;j
dflkmssf] ;+s]t k|bfg ub{5 . -k"j{jtL{
snfsf] nflu k[i7 !@ x]g'{;\_
· cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] jf plrt Jofh
b/df sf]ifsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf]
clej[l4M k]6]G6sf] :jfldTj -jf c?sf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] k]6]G6 k|of]u ug]{ cg'dlt
kq k|fKt_ n] s'g} pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/;Dd
k'¥ofpgsf] nflu k"FhL ;+sng ug{ ;Sg]
tkfO{sf] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; clej[l4 ug{
;S5 . s]xL If]qx¿df -h:t}M h}ljs k|ljlw_
;fxl;s k"Flhkltx¿nfO{ cfslif{t ug{sf]
nflu tkfO{l;t k]6]G6sf] ;jn ;+u|x x'g
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
cfjZos 5 .
· gSsnstf{ / dgk/L ug]{ lj?4 sf/jfxL
ug{ ;Sg] zlQmzfnL cf}hf/ k]6]G6n] k|bfg
u/]sf] Psflwsf/nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf
sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu tkfO{n] a]nfavtdf
d'2f ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf klg /xG5 jf
tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6sf] clwsf/ xgg\ ug]x{ ? ;dIf
cfkm\gf] k]6G] 6sf] af/]df Wofgfslif{t ug'{ kg]{
^
x'G5 . k]6G] 6 dfly :jfldTj /x]df gSsnLstf{sf]
lj?4df pknAwLd"ns sfg"gL sf/afxL ug{
;Sg] tkfO{sf] IfdtfnfO{ t'ngfTds ?kdf
;'wf/ ub{5 .
· tkfO{sf] Joj;fosf] ;sf/fTds 5ljM
Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/, nufgLstf{, z]o/wgLx¿
Pj+ u|fxsx¿n] k]6]G6sf] ;+u|xnfO{ tkfO{sf]
sDkgLsf] pRr txsf] bIftf, ljlzi6tf /
k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] ?kdf cg'e"t ub{5g\ .
sf]if j[l4 ug{sf] nflu, Joj;flos ;fem]bf/
vf]hL, sDkgLsf] 5lj pTyfg / ahf/ d"No
clej[l4 ug{sf] nflu of] pkof]uL ;fljt x'g
;S5 . s]xL sDkgLx¿n] ;j{;fwf/0fdf
gjLgtd 5lj k|If]k0f ug{sf] nflu lj1fkgdf
k]6G] 6x¿sf] pNn]v jf To;sf] ;"lr k|sflzt
ug]{ ub{5g\ .
k]6]G6 g+= US @))@!#&$##
l;;f / df6f]sf] efF8f]df Kjfn kfg]{ of] gjLgtd\
k'/:s[t Hofjn k]?sf cfljisf/stf{ xf];] le8fn
dfl6{gåf/f k]6G] 6 ul/Psf] lyof] . kmn:j?k pgn]
Tof] pTkfbgsf] k|ToIf ?kdf Jofj;foLs/0f ug's { f]
;fy} Tof] cfljisf/sf] cg'dltkq c?nfO{ k|bfg
u/]/ /f]ofN6L klg cfh{g u/]sf lyP .
tkfO{sf] pTkfbgnfO{ ;+/lIft ug{sf] nflu cGo
s] s:tf sfg"gL pks/0fx¿ pknAw 5g\ <
of] lbUbz{g k]6G] 6df s]lGb|t 5 . tyflk pTkflbt
j:t'sf] cfwf/df To:tf gjLgtd\ pTkfbgx¿sf]
ljljw kIfx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu cGo af}l4s
;DklQsf clwsf/x¿ pknAw x'g ;S5g\ . tL
lgDg k|sf/sf x'g ;S5g\ M
· pkof]uL gd"gfx¿ -cNksfnLg, ;fdfGo jf
gjLgtd k]6G] 6sf] ?kdf klg kl/lrt 5g\_
s]xL b]zx¿df lj:tf/d'vL cfljisf/ jf ljBdfg
pTkfbgdf ul/Psf] ;fgfltgf km]/kmf/nfO{
pkof]uL gd"gf cGt{ut ;+/lIft ug]{ ul/G5 .
-k[i7 !) df /x]sf] sf]i7nfO{ x]g;
{' _\
· Jofkfl/s uf]kgLotfM uf]kgLo Jofkfl/s
;"rgf Jofkfl/s uf]kgLotfsf] ;+/If0faf6
nfeflGjt x'g ;S5, ha;DdM
- s:tf] lsl;dsf] ;"rgfl;t sf/f]jf/
ul/Psf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ;fdfGotof
c?nfO{ gePsf],
- uf]Ko ePsf] sf/0fn] Jofj;flos d"No
lglxt /x]sf],
- o;nfO{ uf]kgLo /fVgsf] nflu o;sf
dflnsn] dgfl;j dflkmssf] sbd rflnPsf]
-pbfx/0fsf] nflu To:tf] ;"rgfnfO{ yfxf
kfpg] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df aGb]h ul/Psf]
Pj+ uf]kgLotf jf k|sfzg gug]{ ;Demf}tf
u/]sf]_ -k[i7 ( sf] sf]i7 x]g'{;\_
· cf}Bf]lus l8hfOgx¿ M s'g} pTkfbgsf]
cfn+sfl/s jf ;f}Gbo{kIf dfly Psflwsf/
cf}Bf]lus l8hfOgsf] ;+/If0faf6 klg pknAw
ug{ ;lsG5 . s]xL b]zx¿df o;nfO{
æl8hfOg;DaGwL k]6]G6Æ eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug]{
ul/G5 .
· Jofkf/ lrGx M Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ;+/If0fn]
cfkm\gf] sDkgLsf] pTkfbgnfO{ c? sDkgLsf]
pTkfbgaf6 leGg b]vfpg d2t ub{5 .
· k|ltlnlk clwsf/ Pj+ ;DalGwt
clwsf/x¿ M df}lns ;flxlTos Pj+
snfTds sfo{x¿ k|ltlnlk clwsf/ Pj+
;DalGwt clwsf/åf/f ;+/lIft x'g ;S5 .
k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f sDKo'6/ k|fu] f| d
nufot a[xt sfo{df k|of]u x'G5 . -k[i7 !!
sf] sf]i7 x]g'{;\_
· gjLg jg:kltsf k|sf/x¿M w]/}h;f]
b]zx¿df gjLg k|sf/sf jg:kltsf hflt
h;n] gjLgtf, ljlzi6tf, Ps?ktf /
:yfloTjsf] cfjZostfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf]
;fy} s'g} pko'Qm ;+1fåf/f ;Daf]lwt ul/Psf]
5 eg] To; cj:yfdf To;n] æKnfG6 lj|8;{
6fO{6Æ sf] ?kdf ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{
;Sb5 . clws hfgsf/Lsf] nflu x]g'{;\ .
www.upov.int
· PsLs[t dfu{sf] afXo gS;f+sg -jf
:ynfs[lt_ dfOqmf] lrK; / ;]ldsG8S6/
lrK;df k|of]u x'g] df}lns afXo gS;f+sg
-jf :ynfs[lt_ sf] nflu klg tkfO{n] ;+/If0f
k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . o:tf] ;+/If0f afXo
gS;f+sgnfO{ ;d]t :jLs[t u/]sf] clGtd
pTkfbg;Dd klg lj:tf/ x'g ;S5 .
&
 olb s'g} cfljisf/ k]6]G6 of]Uo 5 eg] To:tf]
cfljisf/sf] k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg lbg'
;w}+ a'l4dfgL x'G5 <
of] ;w}+ a'l4dfgL x'bF g} . olb s'g} cfljisf/ k]6G] 6
of]Uo 5 eGb}df Tof] lglZrt ?kdf Jofj;flos
k|ljlw jf pTkfbgsf] ?kdf kl/0ft x'G5 eGg]
5}g . t;y{ k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg lbg' k"j{ To;sf]
;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIfx¿sf] dfkg ug'{sf]
;fy} ;DefJo ljsNkx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{' h?/L
5 . k]6]G6 k|fKt ug{, sfod /fVg / nfu" ug{
dxFuf] / ufx|f] x'g ;S5 . k]6]G6sf] nflu
cfj]bg lbg] jf glbg] Pp6f s7f]/ Jofj;flos
lg0f{o xf] . cfljisf/sf] nflu Jofj;flos ;+/If0f
k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 ls ;ls+b}g eGg] ;DefJotfdf
cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 .
s'g} k]6]G6 btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg]÷glbg] eGg]
;DaGwdf lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5M
· s'g} cfljisf/sf] nflu ahf/ 5 ls 5}g <
· tkfO{sf] cfljisf/sf] c? ljsNkx¿ s]–s]
5g\ < olb 5 eg] tkfO{sf] vf]hLl;t s;/L
t'ngfTds 5g\ <
· tkfO{sf] vf]hL ljBdfg pTkfbgnfO{ ;'wf/
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
ug{ pkof]u 5 jf gofF pTkfbg ljsf; ug{
pkof]u 5 < olb 5 eg] tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]
Jofj;flos /0fgLltl;t pko'Qm 5 <
· tkfO{sf] cfljisf/nfO{ ahf/;Dd k'¥ofpgsf]
nflu s'g} ;Defljt cg'dltkqu|fxL jf
nufgLstf{ 5g\ <
· Joj;foL jf k|lt:kwL{x¿sf] nflu tkfO{sf]
cfljisf/ slQsf] d"Nojfg\ 5 <
*
· tkfO{sf] cfljisf/nfO{ pTkfbg jf 9fFrfeGbf
ljk/Lt lbzftkm{ n}hfg s] ;lhnf] 5 <
· cGo k|lt:kwL{x¿åf/f tkfO{n] u/]sf] cfljisf/
nfO{ k]6G] 6 ug{ slQsf] ;lhnf] 5 <
· ahf/af6 x'g] cfzftLt d'gfkmfn] k]6]G6sf]
vr{nfO{ ;dy{g ub{5 < -k]6]G6sf] vr{
;DaGwL k[i7 @) x]g';\_
· cfljisf/sf] s'grflxF kIf Ps jf ;f] eGbf
a9L k]6G] 6åf/f ;+/lIft x'g ;Sb5 < o;sf]
If]q slt Jofks x'g ;Sb5 / o;n]
Jofj;flos pkof]lutfsf] ;+/If0f k|bfg u5{
ls ub}{g <
· k]6G] 6 clwsf/sf] pNn+3g ;lhn};uF klxrfg
ug{ ;lsG5 / tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6nfO{ nfu" ug{sf]
nflu ;do / cfly{s ;|f]tx¿ nufgL ug{
tof/ x'g' x'G5 <
;g\ !(($ df Pp6f ITL skf]/{ z ] g gfds ci6]«lnog
sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] klxnf] pTkfbgsf] xsdf pkof]uL
gd"gfsf] cfj]bg k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . of] Ps clåtLo
lsl;dsf] efF8f] lyof], h;df bftfsf] z/L/af6 /ut
;+sng u/]/ efF8f] z/L/af6 lgsfNgf ;fy To;sf]
;'O{ :jtM v'lDrGYof] . Tof] gd"gf kl5 :t/Lo k]6G] 6sf]
?kdf kl/0ft eof] . Tof] pTkfbg Donorcare@ sf]
Jofkfl/s lrGx cGtu{t Jofkf/Ls/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
h'g 3/]n' Pj+ ljb]zL ahf/df 7"nf] ;kmntf k|fKt
ug'{sf] ;fy} pTs[i6 l8hfOgsf] k'/:sf/ klg kfof] .
k]6]G6 lj?4 uf]Kotf
olb tkfO{sf] cfljisf/n] k]6G] 6 of]Uo cfjZostfx¿
-k[i7 !) x]g'{;\_ k"/f ug{ ;Sg] ;DefJotf 5 eg]
tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] ljsNksf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{
x'G5 . cfljisf/nfO{ Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ?kdf
/fVg], To;nfO{ k]6]G6 ug]{ jf c?n] To;nfO{
k]6]G6 ug{ g;sf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] To;sf]
;fj{hgLs/0f -cfd ?kdf o;nfO{ k|lt/IffTds
k|sfzg klg elgG5_ ug]{ h;n] ubf{ ;fj{hlgs
If]qdf cfkm\gf] :yfg ;'lglZrt ub{5 .
tkfO{sf] b]zsf] sfg"gL k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df Jofkfl/s
uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0f c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ lj?4sf]
sfg"g, Ps jf ;f]eGbf a9L sfg"gx¿df ePsf]
vf; k|fjwfg, uf]Ko ;"rgfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfg"g,
sd{rf/L k/fdz{bftf, u|fxs Pj+ Jofj;flos
;fem]bf/x¿;Fusf] ;Demf}tfdf Jojl:yt k|fjwfg
jf dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] ld>0fåf/f ;+/lIft ug{
;Sg' x'G5 .
Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0fsf s]xL kmfObfx¿
lgDg 5g\ <
· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfdf btf{ z'Ns nfUb}g .
· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0fnfO{
;fj{hlgsLs/0fsf] cfjZostf kb}{g jf
;/sf/L sfo{fnodf btf{ ug'{ kb}g{ / cfljisf/
k|sflzt x'Fb}g .
· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0f ;do;Ldfleq
;Lldt x'Fb}g,
· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotf tTsfn} k|efjsf/L x'G5 .
cfljisf/nfO{ Jofkfl/s uf]Kotf cGtu{t
;+/If0f ubf{ x'g] a]kmfObfx¿M
· olb of] uf]Kotf s'g} gjLgtd pTkfbgdf
s'lF bPsf] 5 eg], c?n] To;nfO{ pN6\ofpg
;Ifd x'g5 ] g\ / uf]Kotf kQf nufO{ tTkZrft\
To;nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ clVtof/L kfpF5g\ .
· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0f s]jn uf]Ko
;"rgfsf] cg'lrt k|flKt, k|of]u jf
;fj{hlgsLs/0fsf] lj?4 dfq k|efjsf/L
x'G5 .
· olb s'g} uf]Kotf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sflzt
ePsf] 5 eg] h;n] o;df kx'Fr k|fKt
ub{5 . To;sf] k|of]u ug{ :jtGq x'G5 .
· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotf nfu" ug{ sl7g x'G5
lsgls k]6G] 6sf] ;+/If0fsf] t'ngfdf of] Hofb}
sdhf]/ dflgG5 .
· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotf cGoaf6 klg h;n] j}w
tl/sfaf6 :jtGq ?kdf To:t}
cfljisf/sf] ljsf; u/]sf x'G5g\ ltgn]
k]6]G6 ug{ ;S5g\ .
k]6G] 6 / Jofkfl/s uf]KotfnfO{ cfljisf/sf] ;+/If0f
ug]{ j}slNks dfWodsf] ?kdf u|x0f u/] klg
ltgLx¿ Ps csf{sf k"/s x'g . lsgeg] k]6G] 6sf]
sfof{non] k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg k|sflzt gu/];Dd
k]6]G6sf] cfj]bsn] Tof] cfljisf/ uf]Ko /fVg
;Sb5 . Pp6f k]6]G6 ul/Psf] cfljisf/nfO{
;kmntfk"j{s s;/L k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
d"Nojfg\ hfgsf/Lx¿ Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ?kdf
/flvG5 .
(
 k]6]G6of]Uo s'/f s] x'g;S5 <
s'g} cfljisf/ k]6G] 6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{ of]Uo aGgsf]
nflu s]xL cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . o;df
vf; ul/sg bfjf u/]sf] cfljisf/ klg ;dfj]z
5g\M
· k]6]G6of]Uo ljifoa:t' ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{
-k[i7 !!_
· gofF x'g'kg]{ -gjLgtfsf] cfjZostf_
-k[i7 !!_
· sfNklgs r/0fsf] ;+nUgtf x'gk' g]{ -k[i7 !@_
· cf}wf]lus k|of]usf] nflu ;Ifd x'g' kg]{
-pkof]lutfsf] cfjZostf_ -k[i7 !#_ /
· k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bgdf :ki6 / k"0f{ ?kdf pNn]v
ePsf] x'g' kg]{ -k|sfzgsf] cfjZostf_
-k[i7 !#_
pkof]uL gd"gfx¿
pkof]uL gd"gfx¿sf] s]xL nIf0fx¿ M
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
· pkof]uL gd"gfx¿ k|bfg ug]{ zt{x¿ sd
s7f]/ x'G5g\ . lsgls cfljisf/sf r/0fx¿sf]
cfjZostf sd jf k"/} cg'kl:yt x'g
;S5 .
· pkof]uL gd"gf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ljlw k]6]G6
eGbf k|foM l56f] / ;/n x'G5
· ;Def/ vr{ k]6]G6df nfu" x'g] vr{eGbf
;fdfGotof sd x'G5 .
!)
oL cfjZostfx¿ ;xL ?kaf6 a'em\gsf] nflu
tkfO{sf] rfv /x]sf] k|fljlws If]qdf cGo s;n]
s] k]6G] 6 ul/Psf] /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] cWoog ug'a{ f6
xf] . o;sf] nflu k]6]G6 tYofs+sf] k/fdz{ lng
;Sg' x'G5 -k[i7 !^ / !& df k]6]G6 tYofs+sf]
hfgsf/L /flvPsf] 5 _
cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g++ PC|T/IT 2003/000428
tftf] t/n kbfy{åf/f ;fdfGot tof/ ul/g] vfgf
jf k]o kbfy{sf] efF8f] .
· pkof]uL gd"gfsf] clwstd cjlw k]6]G6sf]
cjlweGbf 5f]6f] x'G5 .
· s]xL b]zx¿df pkof]uL gd"gfx¿ k|ljlwsf]
s]xL lglZrt If]qdf ;Lldt x'g ;Sb5 /
pTkfbgdf dfq -k|lqmofsf] nflu xf]Og_
pknAw x'g ;S5 / k|foMh;f] pkof]u gd"gfsf]
cfj]bg jf k|bfg ul/Psf] pkof]uL
gd"gfnfO{ lgoldt k]6]G6 cfj]bgdf kl/0ft
ug{ ;lsG5 .
k]6]G6of]Uo ljifoj:t' s] xf] <
w]/}h;f] /fli6«o jf If]qLo k]6]G6 sfg"gx¿df
k]6G] 6of]Uo ljifoj:t'nfO{ gsf/fTds ?kdf kl/eflift
ul/Psf] kfOG5 . cyf{t s'g rLh k]6]G6 ug{
kfOFbg} To;sf] ;"lr pknAw u/fP/ . oBlk b]z
cg';f/ km/s eP klg tn pNn]lvt s]xL
pbfx/0fx¿ k]6]G6of]Uo If]qsf] bfo/fleq
kb}{gg\ .
· cfljisf/ / j}1flgs l;4fGtx¿,
· ;f}Gbo{d"ns ;[hgfx¿,
· dfgl;s clego sfo{ ug{sf] nflu s'g}
of]hgf, lgod / ljlwx¿,
sDKo'6/ ;km\6j]/sf] ;+/If0f
s]xL b]zx¿df ul0ftLo ;dfwfg h'g sDKo'6/
;km\6j]o/sf] ;'wfl/Psf] sfo{bIftfsf] cfwf/ x'g\
ltgLx¿ k]6G] 6åf/f ;+/lIft x'g ;Sb5g\ eg] c?
s]xL b]zx¿ of] k]6]G6 cof]Uo ljifoj:t' egL
cnUofOPsf] 5 . s]xL k/jlt{t b]zx¿df olb
s'g} ;km\6j]/;Fu ;DalGwt cfljisf/n] snfsf]
If]qdf k|fljlws of]ubfg lbG5 eGg] ljZjf;
nfUb5 eg] To:tf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cfljisf/
k]6G] 6of]Uo x'g ;Sb5 . tkfO{sf] b]zdf sDKo'6/
;km\6j]/sf] k]6G] 6 of]Uotf;DaGwL a9L hfgsf/L
kfpgsf] nflu tkfO{n] tkfO{sf] /fli6«o jf If]qLo
k]6]G6sf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf -k]6]G6
sfof{nox¿sf] j]e;fO6sf] ;"rL kl/lzi6fs+ !
df x]g'{;\_
· ;f/tTjsf] cfljisf/ h'g k|fs[lts ?kdf
;+;f/df x'G5,
· ;fj{hlgs lgod, g}ltstf / hg:jf:YonfO{
k|efljt kfg]{ cfljisf/x¿,
· dfgj / kz'sf] pkrf/sf] nflu k|of]u x'g]
lgbfgfTds, lrlsT;sLo / zNo
lrlsT;f;DaGwL k4ltx¿,
· ;Ifd hLj afx]ssf af]6lj?jf / hLjhGt'
;fy} ch}jsLo / ;"Id h}jsLo afx]s
af]6lj?jf jf hLjhGt'sf] pTkfbgsf] nflu
cfjZos k|f0fL zf:qLo k|lqmof,
· sDKo'6/sf k|f]ufdx¿ .
w]/h} ;f] b]zx¿df sDKo'6/ k|fu] fdsf j:t' / ;|ft]
sf]8x¿ k|ltlnlk clwsf/ cGtu{t ;+/lIft x'g
;Sb5g\ . k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f btf{sf]
cj:yfdf ;zt{ 5}g . tyflk s]xL b]zx¿df
P]lR5s btf{ ;Dej / OlR5t x'G5 . k|ltlnlk
clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f k]6G] 6 ;+/If0fsf] sfo{ If]qeGbf
;Lldt 5 . lsgls k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fn]
s'g} ljrf/sf] ;§f Tof] ljrf/sf] cleJolQmnfO{
dfq ;d]6b\ 5 . w]/} sDkgLx¿n] sDKo'6/ k|fu] fdsf
j:t' sf]8nfO{ k|ltlnlk clwsf/af6 ;+/If0f
ub{5g\ eg] ;|ft] sf]8nfO{ Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfleq
/fVg] ub{5g\ .
!!
 s'g} cfljisf/ gofF jf gjLg xf] eg]/ s;/L s'g cj:yfdf s'g} cfljisf/df gjLgtd r/0fsf]
lg?k0f ug]{ < ;+nUgtf /x]sf] dflgg] 5 <
olb s'g} cfljisf/ k"jj{ tL{ snfsf] s'g} c+z aGb}g k"jj{ tL{{ snfsf] u0fgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ olb s'g}
eg] To:tf] cfljisf/ gofF jf gjLg ePsf] cfljisf/ s'g} vf; k|fljlws If]qdf bIf /x]sf]
dflgG5 . ;fdfGotof k"j{jtL{ snf eGgfn] JolQmsf] nflu Tof] cfljisf/ ga'lemg] x'G5, ta
hg;fwf/0fnfO{ ljZjsf] s'g} klg 7fpFdf ;DalGwt Tof] cfljisf/df gjLgtd r/0fsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf]
k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bg btf{sf] klxnf] ldlt;Dddf ;DalGwt dflgG5 . k]6G] 6 ;[hgfTds / gjLgtd pknlAwsf]
k|fljlws 1fg pknAw ePsf] s'/fnfO{ xsdf dfq k|bfg ul/G5 .
hgfpFb5 . o:tf] k|fljlws 1fgleq k]6]G6sf
cfj]bgx¿ / ;a} k|sf/sf u}/ k]6]G6 ;flxTox¿
cbfntsf] k"j{ km};nfsf] cfwf/df s]xL
kb{5g\ .
b]zx¿df lgDg lnlvt rLhx¿ gjLgtdsf]
k"jj{ tL{ snfsf] kl/efiff b]zlkR5] leGg–leGg ePsf] bfo/fleq ;dflji6 5}gg\ . cfsf/df ;fdfGo
kfOG5 . w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg kl/jt{g, s'g} pTkfbgnfO{ axgLo agfPdf,
:yfgdf lnlvt ?kdf, df}lvs ;+rf/sf] dfWodåf/f, k"hf{x¿sf] kl/jt{g, kbfy{df kl/jt{g jf s'g} k"hf{
k|bz{gåf/f jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]uåf/f s'g} ;"rgf jf To;sf] pkof]u kl/jt{g .
hg;fwf/0f ;dIf ;fj{hlgs ul/G5 eg] To;nfO{
k"j{jtL{ snf egL JofVof u/]sf] kfOG5 . t;y{
l;4fGttM s'g} j}1flgs klqsfdf cfljisf/sf]
k|sfzg s'g} ;Dd]ngdf To;sf] k|:t'lt, Jofkf/df
To;sf] k|of]u jf s'g} sDkgLsf] ;"rLkqdf k|sflzt
ePdf To:tf] sfo{n] cfljisf/sf] gjLgtfnfO{ gi6
ug]{ x'gfn] Tof] k]6G] 6of]Uo /xFbg} . k]6G] 6 cfj]bg
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

btf{ ug'{ k"j{ To:tf] cfljisf/sf] cfsl:ds k|sfzg

ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lgif]w ug'{ clt h?/L 5 . k"j{jtL{
snfdf s] ;dfj]z 5g\ eg]/ lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu
Pp6f ;Ifd k]6]G6 Ph]G6sf] ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{
x'G5 . k"j{jtL{ snfleq uf]Ko k"j{jtL{ snf h:t}
clgl0f{t ck|sflzt k]6]G6 cfj]bgx¿
;dfj]z x'g ;S5g\, h'g klxnf] r/0fdf
k|sflzt 5g\ .
!@
uPsf] bzsdf qmf]ol;ofsf] Ps sDkgLn]
Plhy|f]dfOl;g gfds k|lth}ljssf] k]6]06 jfkt
nfvf}+ ?k}ofF sdfPsf] lyof] . 7"nf] ljb]zL cf}iflw
pTkfbs sDkgL;Fusf] ;kmn cg'dltsf cfwf/df
of] ;Dej ePsf] xf] .
cf}wf]lus cfj]bgsf] nflu ;Ifd
eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
k]6G] 6 of]Uo x'gsf] nflu s'g} cfljisf/ pBf]u jf
Jofj;flos p2]Zosf] nflu k|of]u x'g ;Ifd
x'g'kb{5 . s'g} cfljisf/ s]jn ;}4flGts ljifo
dfq x'g' xF'b}g . Tof] pkof]uL x'g'sf] ;fy} To;n]
Jojxfl/s nfe klg k|bfg ug'{kb{5 . cf}wf]lus
eGg] zAbfjnLnfO{ oxfF km/flsnf] cy{df k|of]u
ul/Psf] 5 / o;n] ljz'4 af}l4s jf cfn+sfl/s
lqmofnfO{ dfq g;d]6L cGo ljifo h:t}M s[lifnfO{
klg ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . s]xL b]zx¿df cf}Bf]lus
cfj]bgsf] ;§f k|of]ufTdsnfO{ cfwf/ agfOPsf]
kfOG5 . k|of]ufTds cfjZostf ljz]if u/L
pTklQd"ns cg'qmdl;t dxTj /fVb5 . lsgls
cfj]bg btf{ ubf{sf] ;dodf To:tf] pkof]lutfsf]
hfgsf/L gx'g ;Sb5 .
hLj lj1fgx¿df k]6]G6
xfn}sf jif{x¿df hLj lj1fg -ljz]ifu/L h}ljs
k|ljlwdf_ k]6G] 6sf] ;+Vof pNn]vgLo ?kdf j[l4
ePsf] 5 / b]zx¿ aLr s'g ljifo k]6]G6 x'g] jf
gx'g] eGg] ljifodf pNn]vgLo dtleGgtf /x]sf]
kfOG5 . k|foM ;a} b]zx¿n] ;"IdhLj;Fu ;DalGwt
cfljisf/x¿ k]6]G6 ug{ cg'dlt lbPsf 5g\ /
ha;Dd To:tf] ;"IdhLj ;fj{hlgs ?kdf pknAw
x'bF g} / To;nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] JofVof ug{ ;ls+bg}
tj;Dd To:tf] ;"IdhLjsf] gd"gfnfO{ dfGotf k|fKt
Gof;3/df /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 . w]/} b]zx¿n] jg:klt
/ hgfj/nfO{ k]6]G6of]Uo ljifosf] 3]/faf6 aflx/
/fv]sf 5g\ t/ h}ljs kbfy{ h;nfO{ p;sf]
k|fs[lts jftfj/0faf6 k|zf]lwt / k[ys agfOPsf]
k|sfzgsf] cfjZostf s] xf] <
w]/}h;f] b]zsf] /fli6«o P]g sfg"gcg';f/, s'g}
k]6G] 6sf] nflu cfj]bg ubf{ To:tf] cfljisf/ k|i6
/ k"0f{ ?kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ 5, h; cg';f/
x'g} lglb{i6 k|fljlws If]qdf bIf /x]sf] JolQmn] ;f]
cfljisf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;sf];\ . s]xL b]zx¿sf
k]6]G6 sfg"gn] cfljisf/stf{nfO{ ;f] cfljisf/
k|of]u ug]{ ;jf]Q{ d ljlw k|sfzg ug{ klg nufpg]
ub{5g\ . ;"IdhLjsf] k]6G] 6sf] xsdf s]xL b]zx¿n]
To:tf] ;"IdhLjnfO{ dfGotf k|fKt Gof;3/df lhDdf
nufpg] Joj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 .
5 . jf k|fljlws k|lqmofåf/f pTkfbg ul/Psf] 5
eg] To:tf] h}ljs kbfy{nfO{ k]6]G6 ug{ cg'dlt
k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . /fli6«o sfg"gn] klg s]xL
lglb{i6 cfljisf/x¿ k]6]G6of]Uo x'g g;Sg] egL
;"rL k|sflzt ug{ ;Sb5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu
dfgjsf] cloning ug]{ k|lqmof jf dfgjsf] cg'jf+lzs
klxrfgnfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug]{ k|lqmof .
b]zx¿sf] cfwf/df jg:kltsf gofF ljljwtfnfO{
k]6G] 6 k|0ffnLåf/f ;+/lIft ul/g] ub{5 jf jg:kltsf]
gofF ljljwtfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ u/L tf]lsPsf] vf;
k|0ffnL -clws hfgsf/Lsf] nflu x]g'{;\
ww.upov.int_ åf/f ug]{ ul/G5 jf b'j}sf]
;ld>0faf6 ul/G5 .
!#
 k]6]G6åf/f s]–s] clwsf/ k|bfg ul/G5g\ <
k]6G] 6n] cfkm\gf] dflnsnfO{ cfkm\gf] cfljisf/nfO{
cGo JolQmåf/f To;sf] Jofj;flos k|of]u ug{af6
/f]Sb5 . o;leq k|ltaGw nufpg] clwsf/, To:tf]
j:t' agfpgdf lgif]w ug]{ clwsf/, laqmLsf] nflu
cfXjfg ug{ lgif]w ug]{ clwsf/ / dflnssf]
cg'dlt a]u/ k]6G] 6 ul/Psf] cfljisf/sf] cfwf/df
To:tf] cfljisf/sf] laqmL jf pTkfbg jf k|lqmofnfO{
cfoft ug{af6 ;d]t /f]s
nufOPsf] 5 .
Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] k]6G] 6n] dflnsnfO{
k|of]u ug]{ :jtGqtf jf k]6G] 6n] ;d]6s] f] k|fljlwnfO{
zf]if0f ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg ub}{g clkt' cGonfO{
lgif]lwt ug]{ clwsf/ dfq lbG5 . of] ;"Id leGgtf
eP tfklg, k]6G] 6 k|0ffnL / ljljw k]6G] 6x¿ s;/L
cGtlqm{of ub{5g\ eGg] af/]df a'em\g' h?/L 5 .
jf:tjdf cGo JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k]6]G6
tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6nfO{ 9fSg, 3]g{ jf tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6sf]
k"/s x'g ;Sb5 . t;y{ cfkm\gf] k]6]G6 ul/Psf]
cfljisf/nfO{ Jofj;flos ?kdf k|of]u ug{sf]
nflu cg'dltkq lng' cfjZos x'G5 .
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
To:t} s'g} lglZrt cfljisf/x¿ -h:t} cf}iflwx¿_
Joj;foLs/0f ug'{ cl3 s]xL cfjZostf k"/f ug'{
kg]{ x'G5 . -pbfx/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6
laqmL ljt/0fsf] cg'dlt_
!$
cfljisf/stf{ sf] xf] / k]6]G6 dflysf] :jfldTj
s;df lglxt /xG5 <
hf] JolQmn] cfljisf/sf] sNkgf ub{5 ;f]xL JolQm
cfljisf/stf{ x'G5 hals Tof] JolQm -jf sDkgL_
h;n] k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bg ub{5 ;f]xL JolQm k]6G] 6sf]
cfj]bs, wf/s jf dflns xf] . s]xL d'2fx¿df
cfljisf/stf{ :jo+ klg cfj]bs x'g ;Sb5 . oL
b'O{ k|foM km/s klxrfgsf x'G5g\ . cfj]bs k|foM
sDkgL jf cGj]if0f ug]{ ;+:yf x'G5 h;n]
cfljisf/stf{nfO{ hflu/df /fv]sf] x'G5 . tn
pNn]lvt kl/l:yltn] ljZn]if0fnfO{ a9L :ki6
kfb{5 .
· hflu/]sf] cfljisf/M w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df
hflu/]sf] l;nl;nfdf ljsf; ul/Psf]
cfljisf/ :jtM /f]huf/bftf dfly cg'alGwt
ul/G5 . s]xL b]zx¿df of] ta dfq ;Dej
x'G5 olb pQm s'/f /f]huf/ ;Demf}tfdf ;f]
s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 eg] . s]xL cj:yfx¿df
-h:t}M /f]huf/ ;Demf}tf gePsf] cj:yfdf,
cfljisf/stf{n] ;f] cfljisf/ dfly z]fif0f
ug]{ clwsf/ ;'/lIft /fVg ;Sb5 t/
cfGtl/s p2]Zosf] nflu -h;nfO{ k;n]
clwsf/ klg elgG5_ . /f]huf/bftfnfO{
k|of]u ug{ lbOG5 . tkfO{sf] b]zdf o;
;DaGwL sfg"g s] s:tf] 5 eGg] af/]df a'em\g'
h?/L 5 / /f]huf/sf] cfljisf/df eljiodf
o:tf] ljjfb gcfcf];\ eGg] p2]Zon]
/f]huf/bftfsf] cfljisf/ pk/ s;sf] :jfldTj
/xg] eGg] ljifonfO{ /f]huf/sf] ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v x'g' h?/L 5 .
· :jtGq 7]s]bf/x¿M w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df
cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s sDkgLn]
lgo'Qm u/]sf] :jtGq 7]s]bf/n] sDkgLsf]
nflu s'g} gofF pTkfbg jf k|lqmofsf] ljsf;
ub{5 eg] Tof] cfljisf/ dflysf] ;Dk"0f{
clwsf/ To; 7]sb] f/df lglxt /xG5 . cyf{t\
olb 7]sb] f/ / sDkgLsf] aLrdf ;f] cfljisf/
sDkgLnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] eGg] s'g} lnlvt
;Demf}tf 5}g eg] sDkgLnfO{ :jfldTjsf] s'g}
clwsf/ /xGg .
· ;+oQ
' m cfljisf/stf{x¿M hxfF Ps eGbf
a9L JolQmn] s'g} cfljisf/sf] kl/sNkgf /
To;sf] l;4fGtdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb5 eg]
ltgLx¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm cfljisf/stf{sf] ?kdf
;+lIfKt hfFr;"lr
· tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] cfljisf/ k]6G] 6 ug'{ k5{ <
k]6G] 6sf] ;+/If0fsf] kmfObfnfO{ ljrf/ ug';
{ \,
ljsNk tkm{ x]g'{;\ -uf]klgotf, pkof]uL
gd"gfx¿ cflb_ / nfut–nfesf] ljZn]if0f
ug'{ . plrt lg0f{odf k'Ugsf] nflu k]6G] 6sf]
af/] cem} hfgsf/L /fVgsf] nflu tnsf
c+zx¿ cWoog ug'{;\ .
· tkfO{sf] cfljisf/ s] k]6]G6of]Uo 5 <
k]6]G6of]Uo x'gsf] nflu s] cfjzostf 5
eGg]df ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' xf];\ . tkfO{sf] b]zdf
s] k]6G] 6of]Uo 5 eGg] s'/fsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f
kQf nufpg';\ / k"j{ snfsf] cfljisf/ ug'; { \
-tnsf] v08 x]g'{;\_
Jojxf/ ug'{kb{5 / ;f]xL adf]lhd k]6]G6sf]
cfj]bgdf pNn]v x'g'kb{5 . olb ;+o'Qm
cfljisf/stf{x¿ lgj]bs klg x'g\ eg] Tof]
k]6]G6 ltgLx¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf k|bfg
ul/G5 .
· ;+oQ ' m :jfldTjM km/s b]z / ;+:yfx¿df
Ps jf ;f] eGbf a9L JolQmx¿sf] :jfldTjdf
/x]sf] k]6]G6sf] k|of]u jf nfu" ug{sf] nflu
km/s lgod x'G5 . s]xL cj:yfdf cGo
;xdflnssf] cg'dlt lagf s'g} Ps
;xdflnsn] Tof] k]6]G6 c?nfO{ k|of]u ug{
cg'dlt jf cltqmd0fsf] lj?4 s'g} t]>f]
kIfnfO{ d'2f xfNg ;Sb}g .
· cfljisf/ dflysf] clwsf/sf] ;jfndf :ki6
x'g'xf];\ < sDkgL To;sf sfdbf/ / cGo
Joj;flos ;fem]bf/ h;n] cfly{s jf k|fljlws
?kdf Tof] vf]hL ljsf; ug{ ;xefuL ePsf
5g\ .
!%
 @= k]6]G6 s;/L k|fKt ug]{ <
tkfO{n] sxfFaf6 z'? ug]{<
;fdfGotof klxnf] r/0fdf k"jj{ tL{ snfsf] vf]hL
sfo{ ug'{ xf] . ljZjJofkL ?kdf $ s/f]8 k]6G] 6
;Fu;Fu} nfvf}+ 5flkPsf k|sfzgx¿ 5g\ . h'g
tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6 cfj]bgsf] lj?4 ;DefJo k"jj{ tL{
snf x'g ;Sb5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf Pp6f uDeL/
hf]lvd s] x'g ;Sb5 eg] s]xL k|;u+ jf k|;u+ x¿sf]
;lDd>0fn] tkfO{sf] cfljisf/nfO{ gjLgtd gePsf]
jf k'/ftg egL 7x/ ug{ ;Sb5 h;n] ubf{ tkfO{sf]
cfljisf/ k]6G] 6of]UoljxLg x'g ;Sb5 .
k"jj{ tL{ snfsf] k]6G] 6of]Uotf af/] cfljisf/ u/]sf]
v08df To;n] tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6 cfj]bgdf x'g ;Sg]
cgfjZos vr{nfO{ lgif]w ub{5 . olb To:tf]
cfljisf/af6 tkfO{sf] cfljisf/nfO{ k]6G] 6 ug{af6
/f]s nufPsf] yfxf kfpg'eof] eg] cgfjZos k]6G] 6
cfj]bgsf] vr{af6 tkfO{ hf]lug' x'G5 . k"j{jtL{
k]6]G6sf] tYofs+x¿sf] vf]hLsf] dxTj
s'g} cfljisf/ k]6G] 6of]Uo 5 ls 5}g eg]/ To;sf]
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
cfljisf/ ug'{sf] cltl/Qm k]6]G6 tYofs+x¿sf]
;dod} / k|efjsf/L ?kdf cfljisf/ u/]df To;n]
pkof]uL ;"rgf / 1fg pknAw u/fpFb5 .
· tTsfnLg / eljiosf k|lt:kwL{x¿sf]
cg';Gwfg / ljsf; ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿
· ;DalGwt k|fljlws If]qsf ljBdfg k|jl[ Qx¿
· cg'dlt kqsf nflu k|ljlwx¿
!^
snfsf] cfljisf/ u}/k]6]G6 ;flxTo, k|fljlws /
j}1flgs klqsf, kf7\ok':ts, zf]wkq, j]e;fO6,
sDkgLsf] k'l:tsf, Jofkfl/s k|sfzg / ;dfrf/
kqsf n]vx¿df ;d]t ul/g' kb{5 .
k]6]G6sf] hfgsf/L juL{s[t k|fljlws ;"rgfsf]
clåtLo ;|ft] xf] / sDkgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] Jofj;flos
of]hgfsf] /0fgLlt agfpFbf of] Hofb} g} dxTjk"0f{
x'G5 . w]/h
} ;f] pNn]vgLo cfljisf/x¿ k]6G] 6 jf
k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg k|sflzt x'Fbf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf
klxnf] k6s k|sflzt x'g] ub{5 . t;y{ k]6]G6 /
k|sflzt k]6G] 6sf cfjb]bgx¿n] tTsfnLg cGj]if0fsf]
af/]df 1fg k|bfg ug'{sf] ;fy} To:tf] gjLgtd
pTkfbg ahf/df cfpg' cufj} To:tf] cfljisf/sf]
af/]df hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpFb5 . k]6]G6sf]
cfljisf/ sDkgLsf] cGj]if0f / ljsf;sf] c+z x'g'
h?/L 5 .
· ;Defljt cfk"lt{stf{, Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/x¿,
jf cg';Gwfgstf{x¿sf] ;|f]tx¿
:jb]z tyf ljb]zdf x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt
·
ahf/ :ynx¿,
· c?sf] k]6]G6 hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ tfls
tkfO{sf] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgn] c?sf] cltqmd0f
gxf];\ . -;+rfngsf] :jtGqtf_
· Dofb ;dfKt ePsf / ;fj{hlgs If]qdf
cfPsf ;fGble{s k]6]G6x?
· ljBdfg k|ljlwsf] cfwf/df ;Defljt gofF
ljsf;x¿
tkfO{n] k"j{jtL{ snfsf] cfljisf/ s;/L / sxfF
ug{ ;Sg' x'G5<
w]/} k]6G] 6 sfof{nox¿n] k|sflzt u/]sf] k]6G] 6 /
k]6]G6 cfj]bgx¿ OG6/g]6df k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5,
h;n] ubf{ tkfO{sf] k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL ug]{
sfo{nfO{ ;xh agfOlbPsf] 5 . af}l4s ;DklQsf
sfof{nox¿n] lagf s'g} z'Ns OG6/g]6df k]6G] 6sf
tYofs+x¿ pknAw u/fOlbPsf 5g\ . h'g tYofs+x¿
tkfO{n] cgnfOgdf klg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 .
To;sf] cltl/Qm clwsf+z /fli6«o k]6]G6sf
sfof{nox¿n] s]xL z'Ns lnO{ k]6]G6sf] vf]hL
ul/lbg] klg ub{5g\ . k]6]G6sf] ;"rgf kx'Fr
OG6/g]6åf/f ;lhnf] eP tfklg k]6G] 6sf] pRr:t/Lo
cfljisf/ ug{ Tolt ;xh 5}g . k]6]G6sf] efiff
hl6n / c:ki6 x'G5 / Jofj;flos vf]hL ug{sf]
cGt/f{li6«o k]6]G6 juL{s/0f
cGt/f{li6«o k]6G] 6 juL{s/0f -cfO{lk;L_ Pp6f o:tf]
juL{s/0f k|0ffnL xf] . h'g k]6]G6 b:tfj]hx¿
juL{s/0f / vf]hL ug]{ sfo{df k|of]u ul/G5 .
o;sf] cltl/Qm o;n] k]6]G6 b:tfj]hx¿nfO{
qmda4 ?kdf /fVg, ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ / ;DalGwt
k|ljlwsf] If]qdf cg';Gwfg ug{sf] nflu ;+oGqsf]
?kdf klg sfd ub{5 . cfO{lkl;sf] ;ftf}+ ;+:s/0fdf
cf7 j6f v08 5g\ . h'g !@) j6f ju{, ^@*
pkju{ / nueu ^())) ;d"xx¿ 5g\ . cf7j6f
v08x¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
nflu 1fg / bIftf rflxG5 . k]6G] 6sf] tYofs+x¿sf]
k|f/lDes vf]hL lgMz'Ns ?kaf6 OG6/g]6af6 ug{
;Sg] ePtfklg clwsf+z sDkgLx¿ h;nfO{ vf;
Jofj;flos lg0f{o -h:t}M k]6G] 6sf] nflu cfj]bg
ug]{ ls gug]{_ ug{sf] nflu k]6]G6sf] ;"rgfsf]
cfjZostf kg]{ x'gfn] To:tf sDkgLx¿n] k]6]G6
Joj;foLsf] ;]jfdf lge{/ ug]{ ub{5g\ jf Hofb}
Jojl:yt Joj;flos tYofs+x¿ k|of]u ub{5g\ .
k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL sfo{, d'Vo zAb, k]6]G6sf]
juL{s/0f jf cGo vf]hL ug]{ k4ltsf] cfwf/df
ug{ ;lsG5 . k"j{jtL{ snfsf] cgfj/0f tkfO{n]
vf]hL ;DaGwL ckgfpg' ePsf] /0fgLlt, s'g
juL{s/0f k|0ffnL pkof]u ug'{ePsf] 5 . vf]hL
sfo{df ;+nUg JolQmsf] k|fljlws bIftf / pkof]u
ul/Psf] k]6]G6 tYofs+x¿df lge{/ ub{5 .
s_ dfgj cfjZostf
v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg, 9'jfgL
u_ /;fog zf:q, wft' ljwf
3_ sk8f, sfuh
ª_ :yfoL lgdf{0fx¿
r_ oflGqs OlGhlgol/Ë k|sfz tfk, xltof/x¿,
lj:kmf]6g
5_ ef}lts zf:q
h_ ljB't
clxn] !)) eGbf w]/} b]zx¿n] cfkm\gf] k]6G] 6 juL{s/0f
ug{sf] nflu cfO{lkl; k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ .
www.wipo.int/classifications/en/ipc/index.html
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 k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg s;/L lbg] <
k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ;s]kl5
Pjd\ k]6G] 6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug]{ lg0f{o lnPkl5, k]6G] 6
cfj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt /fli6«o jf If]qLo
k]6]G6 sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 . cfj]bgdf
cfljisf/sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f, k]6G] 6 k|of]u x'g] sfo{If]q,
k]6]G6sf] /]vf+sg / ;f/ ;dfj]z ePsf]
x'g'kb{5 . -k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] :j?k af/] a9L
hfgsf/L lng k[i7 @$ x]g'{;\_ . s]xL k]6]G6
sfof{nox¿n] cfj]bsx¿nfO{ OG6/g]6sf] dfWodåf/f
cfj]bg a'emfpg ;Dej t'NofO{ lbPsf 5g\ . s]xL
b]zx¿df c:yfoL k]6]G6 cfj]bg btf{ ug]{
ljsNk klg k|bfg ul/Psf] kfOG5 . -k[i7 @# sf]
sf]i7 x]g'{;\_
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
!*
k]6]G6 cfj]bg tof/ ug]{ sfo{ ;fdfGotof
k]6]G6;DaGwL sfd ug]{ jlsn jf Ph]G6åf/f
ul/G5 . h;n] btf{sf] k|lqmofdf tkfO{sf] cfwf/e"t
lrq0f pknAw u/fpFb5 . :d/0f /xf];\ ls btf{
k|lqmof b]z cg';f/ km/s x'g ;Sg] x'gfn] tkfO{n]
;DalGwt b]zsf] k]6G] 6 sfof{no jf k]6G] 6;DaGwL
sfd ug]{ sfg"gL kmd{l;t ;Dks{ /fvL k|lqmof /
nfUg ;Sg] z'Ns af/] hfgsf/L lng' plrt
x'G5 . cl3Nnf] k]hdf pNn]v ul/Psf] aS;n]
cfj]bg k|lqmofsf cfwf/e"t 1fg k|bfg ub{5 .
cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g++ PC/DE2003/003510
df]6/uf8Lsf] PsLs[t Po/Jofk k|0ffnLsf]
:6]ol/Ë rSsf
cfj]bg btf{ k|lqmof r/0fut ?kdf
k]6]G6 sfof{non] k]6]G6 lbFbf ckgfpg] k|ljlwdf
km/s x'g ;S5g\, tfklg lgDg k|0ffnL eg] Ps}
k|sf/sf x'G5g\ .
· :jLs[ltM olb k/LIf0f k|lqmof ;sf/fTds
· cf}krfl/s k/LIf0fM k]6G] 6sf] sfof{non]
k|zf;lgs cfjZostf jf cf}krfl/stf
-h:t}M ls ;fGble{s clen]vgx¿ ;dfj]z
5 ls 5}g / cfj]bg z'Ns a'emfPsf] 5 ls
· bfaL lj/f]w M w]/} k]6]G6 sfof{nox¿n]
5}g_ k"/f ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ cfj]bgsf]
k/LIf0f ug]{ ub{5 .
· vf]hLM clwsf+z b]zx¿df k]6G] 6sf] sfof{non]
k"jj{ tL{ snf vf]hl;t ;DalGwt 5 ls 5}g
eg]/ vf]hL sfo{ ug]{ ub{5g\ . ;f/jfg
k/LIf0f ;dodf bfaL ul/Psf] cfljisf/ /
k"jj{ tL{ snfsf] t'ngf ug]{ ePsf] x'gfn] vf]hL
sfo{af6 lg:s]sf] ljj/0f l/kf]6{ To; ;do
k|of]u ug]{ ul/G5 .
· ;f/jfg k/LIf0fM cfj]bgn] k]6]G6sf]
cfjZostf k"/f u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g eGg]
ljifonfO{ lglZrt ug{ ;f/jfg k/LIf0f ug]{
ul/G5 . ;a} k]6]G6 sfof{nox¿n] k]6]G6sf]
;a} cfjZostf k"/f u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/
cfj]bgsf] hfFr ub}{g . s]xL cg'/f]w eO{
cfPdf s]xL lglZrt ;dofjlwleq To:tf]
hfFr ug]{ ub{5g\ . k/LIf0fsf] ;dodf p7fOPsf
cfklQnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ jf x6fpg cfj]bsnfO{
df}sf k|bfg ug{sf] nflu k/LIf0fsf] glthf
lnlvt ?kdf cfj]bs -jf p;sf] sfg"g
Joj;foL_ sxfF k7fOG5 . of] k|lqmofn] bfaLsf]
If]qnfO{ k|foM ;+s'lrt kfg]{ ub{5 .
· k|sfzgM clwsf+z b]zx¿df k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bg
btf{ ePsf] ldltn] !* dlxgf kl5 k|sfzg
x'G5 . ;fdfGotof, k]6G] 6 sfof{non] k]6G] 6
k|bfg u/]kl5 klg k|sfzg ug]{ ub{5g\ .
lgisif{df k'Uof] eg] k]6G] 6 sfof{non] k]6G] 6
k|bfg ug'{sf] ;fy} To;sf] k|df0f kq ;d]t
hf/L ub{5 .
k|bfg u/]sf] k]6]G6sf] lj?4df s'g} t]>f]
kIfaf6 bfaL lj/f]w cfpg ;Sg] x'gfn] To:tf]
lj/f]w hgfpgsf] nflu ;do pknAw u/fOPsf]
x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu bfaL ul/Psf]
cfljisf/ gofF xf]Og eg]/ lj/f]w ug{
;S5g\ . lj/f]w k|lqmof k]6G] 6 k|bfg ug'{ k"j{
jf k|bfg u/] kZrft\ klg lbg ;lsG5 / of]
lglZrt ;dofjlwleq ;Dej 5 .
k]6]G6 cfj]bg a'emfpg]
cf}krfl/s k/LIf0f
cfj]bgsf] k|sfzg
cfljisf/ tyf ;f/jfg k/LIf0f
:jLs[lt tyf k|sfzg
lj/f]wsf k|lqmofx¿
dfly lbPsf] /]vfs+g s]xL k]6G] 6 sfof{nox¿n] k]6G] 6
k|bfg ubf{ ckgfpg] k|lqmof x'g\ . o:tf] k|lqmof
k]6G] 6 sfof{no cg"?k km/s klg x'g ;Sb5 .
!(
 Pp6f cfljisf/nfO{ k]6]G6 ug{ slt
vr{ nfU5 <
vr{ b]z cg';f/ km/s x'G5 / b]zleq klg
cfljisf/sf] k|s[lt To;sf] hl6ntf, jlsnsf]
z'Ns, cfj]bgsf] ;do / k]6G] 6 sfof{non] k/LIf0f
ubf{ p7fOPsf] ljifosf] cfwf/df klg z'Ns km/s
x'g ;S5 .
k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bg / tT;DaGwL ;Def/nfO{ dWogh/
/fvL vr{ ;xL tl/sfn] lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
· olb tkfO{ k"jj{ tL{ snfsf] vf]hL ug]{ sfo{df
ljz]if1sf] ;]jfdf lge{/ x'g'x'G5 eg] To;
cj:yfdf To:tf] vf]hL sfo{df vr{ hf]l8Psf]
x'G5 .
· b]z cg';f/ ;/sf/L b:t'/ km/s x'g
;Sb5 . tkfO{sf] ;DalGwt /fli6«o jf If]qLo
k]6G] 6sf] sfof{non] tkfO{nfO{ z'Ns ;+/rgfsf]
ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg ;Sb5 . s]xL b]zx¿n]
SMES sf] nflu jf OG6/g]6åf/f cfj]bg
a'emfpFbf cfj]bsnfO{ z'Nsdf s]xL 5'6 k|bfg
ug]{ ub{5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm s]xL b]zx¿n]
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
cltl/Qm z'Ns a'emfPdf l56f] hfFrsf] ;]jf
k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 .
· olb tkfO{ btf{ k|lqmof -h:t}M k]6G] 6;DaGwL
;'emfj, k]6G] 6 cfj]bgsf] d:of}bf tof/ kfg{,
cf}krfl/s lrqf+sg ug{ / k]6G] 6 sfof{nol;t
kqfrf/ ug{_ k]6G] 6 Ph]G6÷jlsnsf] ;]jfdf
lge{/ ug'{ x'G5 eg] tkfO{nfO{ cltl/Qm vr{
Joxf]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
@)
· k]6G] 6sf] sfof{noaf6 Psk6s k]6G] 6 k|bfg
eO{ ;s]kl5 To:tf] k]6]G6sf] j}wtfnfO{
sfod /fVg tkfO{n] ;fdfGotof jflif{s
?kdf ;Def/ jf gjLs/0f z'Ns
a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .
· olb tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]h ljb]zdf k]6]G6
ug]{ lg0f{o ug'{ x'G5 eg] To; cj:yfdf
;DalGwt b]zdf nfUg ;Sg] ;/sf/L b:t'/,
cg'jfb z'Ns / :yfgLo k]6G] 6 Ph]G6 k|of]u
u/] jfkt nfUg] z'Ns -w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df
ljb]zL cfj]bssf] nflu rflxg] cfjZostf
xf]_ ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fVg' kb{5 .
· olb s'g} vf]h ;"IdhLjl;t ;DalGwt 5 /
hxfF To:tf] ;"IdhLj jf h}ljs kbfy{ s'g}
dfGotf k|fKt Gofo 3/df bflvnf ug'k{ g]{ x'G5
eg] tkfO{n] bflvnf vr{, e08f/0f / j:t'ut
k/LIf0fsf] z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .
;+s6sfnLg :jrflnt ljB'tLo ˆo'hg
(EAT-SET), gfOh]l/og 8fS6/ cf]ed
] f] cf]efh]åf/f
cfljis[t / k]6]G6 ul/Psf], o;n] la/fdLsf]
cfGtl/s /Qm>jfsf] afXok"lt{ ug{ ;xof]u
ub{5 . o;sf] pTkfbgnfO{ EAT-SET åf/f
ahf/Ls/0f ul/Psf] 5 / k|yd cf}ifwL /
z'4Ls/0fdf k|of]u x'G5 .
k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg slxn] a'emfpg] <
;fdfGotof tkfO{l;t k]6G] 6 cfj]bg d:of}bf tof/
kfg]{ ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L k|fKt eP kZrft\ k]6]G6
;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg lbg' plrt x'G5 . tyflk
k]6G] 6 cfj]bg a'emfpg] pko'Qm ;do s'g xf] eg]/
lg0f{o lngsf] nflu cfj]bsnfO{ lgDglnlvt
tYox¿n] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . tkfO{sf] cfj]bg
;dod} a'emfpgsf] nflu lgDg sf/0fx¿ ;dfj]z
5g\ M
· ljZjJofkL ?kdf w]/h } ;f] b]zx¿df -ckjfbsf]
?kdf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, k[i7 @@ sf]
sf]i7 x]g'{;\_ k]6]G6 klxnf] cfj]bgstf{sf]
cfwf/df k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 . t;y{ tkfO{n]
cfj]bg l56f] a'emfpg' clt dxTjk"0f{ 5
lsgls tkfO{n] s'g} lglZrt cfljisf/df
cfj]bg l56f] a'emfpg' eof] eg] tkfO{n]
cfkm\gf] cfljisf/ csf{l;t u'dfpg]
8/ /xFb}g .
· olb tkfO{n] cfly{s ;xof]u jf tkfO{sf]
cfljisf/nfO{ Jofkf/Ls/0f ug{ rfxg' x'G5
eg] k]6G] 6sf] nflu l56f] cfj]bg lbg' ePdf
Tof] pkof]uL x'G5 .
· ;DalGwt k]6]G6sf] sfof{non] k]6]G6 k|bfg
u/]kZrft\ dfq ;fdfGotof Tof] nfu" x'g]
x'G5 / of] k|bfg ug]{ k|lqmofn] s]xL jif{ lng
;S5 . -k[i7 @^ x]g'{;\_
tyflk tkfO{sf] cfljisf/ tof/ x'g] lalQs} k]6G6
cfj]bgsf] nflu xtf/ ug'{eof] eg] lgDg sf/0fn]
ubf{ s]xL ;d:of x'g ;Sb5 M
· olb tkfO{n] l56f] cfj]bg lbg' eof] /
tTkZrft tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]hdf s'g} kl/jt{g
ug'e{ of] eg] tkfO{sf] vf]hsf] d"n ljj/0fdf
kl/jt{g ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g .
· tkfO{n] Psk6s Pp6f b]z jf If]qdf cfj]bg
u/L ;s]kl5 tkfO{nfO{ Joj;foL ug{ rfxg]
cGo b]zx¿df cfj]bg btf{ To;sf] nfe
lngsf] nflu tkfO{nfO{ ;fdfGotof !@ dlxgf
nfU5 . -k|fyldstf ldltsf] JofVofsf] nflu
k[i7 #) x]g'{;\_ olb ljleGg b]zx¿df lbg]
cfj]bg z'Ns / ;Def/ z'Ns tkfO{sf]
sDkgLsf] nflu Hofb} g} pRr x'G5 eg] of]
Pp6f ;d:of x'g ;Sb5 . of] ;d:ofnfO{
Go"g kfg]{ Pp6f pkfo s] x'g ;Sb5 eg]
tkfO{n] k]6]G6 ;xof]u ;lGw k|of]u u/L #)
dlxgf;Ddsf] cg'jfbsf] e'QmfgL / /fli6«o
z'Ns :yut ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . -k[i7 #@ /
## x]g'{;\_
k]6]G6 cfj]bg s'g ;dodf eg]{ af/] lg0f{o lnFbf
Pp6f s'/fsf] Wofgdf /fVg' kg]{ x'G5, Tof] s] eg]
tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]hsf] ;fj{hlgs ug'{ k"j{ cfj]bg
lbO;s]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . cfj]bg lbg'k"j{ ;fj{hlgs
ug'{ -pbfx/0fsf] nflu ahf/ k/LIf0fsf] nflu,
nufgLstf{ jf cGo Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/Lsf] nflu_
k/]df tkfO{n] uf]kgLotfsf] kq jf ;fj{hlgs gug]{
;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ ug'{ ePkl5 dfq ;fj{hlgs
ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
@!
 k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bg a'emfpg' k"j{ s'g} vf]hnfO{ uf]Ko
/fVg' sltsf] h?/L 5 <
olb tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]hdfly k]6]G6 k|fKt ug]{
rfxgf /fVg'ePsf] 5 eg] Tof] vf]hnfO{ cfj]bg
ug'{ k"j{ uf]Ko /fVg' clt cfjZos 5 . cfj]bg
a'emfpg' k"j{ olb tkfO{sf] vf]h ;fj{hlgs ePsf]
5 eg] To;n] tkfO{sf] vf]hsf] gjLgtdnfO{ Iflt
k'¥ofpg] 5 / olb s'g} sfg"gn] cltl/Qm ;do cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= PCT/IOB01/00706
k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g eg] tkfO{sf] vf]h k]6]G6of]Uo df]afOn kmf]g rfh{ ug{ ;'wfl/Psf] j:t'
gx'g ;Sb5 .

t;y{, s'g} klg vf]hx¿, cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ /

sDkgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bg ga'emfP;Dd
cfkm\gf] vf]h ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfo{af6 cfkm" cnu
/xg'kb{5 .

klxnf] lgj]bg k|:t'lt lj?4 klxnf] vf]h k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg klxn] btf{ ePsf] cfwf/df .
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df s'g} vf]hdf k]6]Gsf] cfj]bg
ug]{ klxnf] JolQmnfO{ k]6]G6 k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 .
o;sf] ckjfbsf] ?kdf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf
/x]sf] 5 . hxfF klxnf] vf]hsf] k|0ffnL nfu"
5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf olb p:t} k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg
btf{ ePdf, klxnf] vf]hstf{ h;n] Tof] vf]hsf]
kl/sNkgf u/L To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptf/]sf] 5
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ k]6]G6 k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 gls
klxnf] vf]hsf] k|0ffnL cGtu{t olb s'g} vf]hstf{n]
cfkm\gf] vf]h k|dfl0ft ug{ rfxG5 eg] To:tf]
JolQmn] Jojl:yt, x:tfIfl/t / ldlt ;d]t pNn]v
ePsf] k|of]uzfnfsf] k|ltlnlk /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5
/ o:tf] k|of]uzfnfsf] k|ltlnlk s'g} csf]{ sDkgL
jf vf]hstf{l;t s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf k|df0f
:j?k k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

@@
cg'u|x cjlw (Grace Period) eg]sf] s] xf] <
s]xL b]zx¿sf] sfg"gn] vf]hstf{åf/f cfkm\gf]
vf]h ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] jf cfj]bsn] cfjb]g
a'emfPsf] ldltn] ^ jf !@ dlxgf;Ddsf] cg'u|x
cjlw k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . h;n] ubf{ To:tf]
;fj{hlgsLs/0fsf] sf/0fn] Tof] vf]hn] cfkm\gf]
k]6]G6of]Uo Ifdtf ;dfKt x'Fb}g . To:tf b]zx¿df
sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] vf]h ;fj{hlgsLs/0f s'g} Jofkf/
k|bz{gL jf sDkgLsf] k'l:tsf jf k|fljlws k'l:tsfdf
k|sflzt u/L cg'u|x cjlwsf] cjlwleq k]6G] 6sf]
cfj]bg a'emfpg] ub{5g\ . h;n] ubf{ cfkm\gf]
vf]hsf] k]6]G6 of]UotfnfO{ sfod /fVg'sf] ;fy}
k]6]G6 k|fKt ug]{ sfo{af6 klg al~rt x'Fb}gg\ .
c:yfoL k]6]G6 cfj]bgx¿
s]xL b]zx¿df -ci6«l] nof, Sofg8f, ef/t / ;+oQ' m
/fHo cd]l/sf ;lxt_ cfj]bsx¿nfO{ c:yfoL
k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg eg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
c:yfoL k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg k|0ffnLdf sd vr{sf]
k|j]z ljGb'sf] ?kdf lnPsf] kfOG5 . To;kl5
k"0f{ k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bg eg{sf] nflu cfj]bsn] Ps
jif{;Ddsf] nflu kv{g' kg]{ x'G5 . c:yfoL k]6G] 6sf]
cfj]bs s;/L sfd ub{5 eGg] s'/fsf] lj:t[t
ljj/0f b]zcg';f/ km/s eP klg, s]xL :j?kx¿
tyflk of] ;a} b]zx¿df 5}g . slxn]sflxF cfkm\gf]
b]zsf] cg'ux| cjlwdf lge{/ /xbfF tkfO{n] tkfO{sf]
rfxgf cg'?k cGo ahf/df hxfF cg'u|x cjlw
pknAw 5}g To:tf] ahf/df cfkm\gf] vf]h k]6]G6
ug]{ af6f] aGb ug{ klg ;Sg' x'G5 .
cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= PCT/EP02/05212.
Broadspectrum 2-amino-benzoxazole
sulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors
h'g ;fdfGotof c? b]zn] klg cjnDag ug]{
rflxF lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M–
· c:yfoL k]6G] 6sf] cfj]bgx¿sf] ;fdfGotof
;f/jfg\ k/LIf0f x'Fb}g .
· k"0f{ k]6G] 6 cfj]bgsf] t'ngfdf o;df a'emfpg'
kg]{ ;/sf/L b:t'/ sd 5 .
· c:yfoL cfj]bgdf bfaLx¿ ;dfj]z ug'{
cfjZos 5}g . tyflk o;df vf]hsf] k"0f{
ljj/0f cfjZos x'G5 .
@#
 k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] ;+/rgf s:tf] x'G5<
k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf w]/} :j?k x'G5g\ M–
· o;n] k]6]G6sf] sfg"gL ;Ldf lgwf{/0f
ub{5 .
· o;n] vf]hsf] k|s[ltsf] JofVof ug's { f] ;fy}
o;df vf]hnfO{ s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg]
lgb]{zg klg ;dfj]z x'G5 .
· o;n] vf]hstf{, k]6]G6sf] dflns /
cGo sfg"gL ;"rgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f k|bfg
ub{5 .
ljZjel/ k]6G] 6 cfj]bgsf] ;+/rgf Ps} vfn] x'G5g\,
h;df cg'/f]w, ljj/0f, bfaL, /]vfs+g -cfjZostf
ePdf_ / Pp6f ;f/f+z ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\ .
k]6]G6sf] b:tfj]h vf]hsf] k|s[lt / k|fljlws
If]qsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df s]xL kfgfb]lv ;of}+
kfgf;Dd nfdf] x'g ;S5 .
cg'/f]w
cg'/f]wdf vf]hsf] hfgsf/L a'emfpg] lzif{s, cfj]bg
ldlt, k|fyldstf ldlt / gfdfjnLsf] tYofs+ h:t}
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
cfj]bs / vf]hstf{sf] gfd / 7]ufgf ;dfj]z
ePsf] x'G5 .
@$
ljj/0f
vf]hsf] lnlvt ljj/0fn] vf]hsf] af/]df kof{Kt
ljj/0f k|:t't ug{ ;Sg'kb{5, tfls To:t} k|fljlws
If]qdf bIf /x]sf] hf] sf]xLn] klg lagf s'g} gjLgtd\
k|of;af6, vf]hsf] ljj/0f tyf /]vfs+gsf] dfWodaf6
vf]hsf] k'gM lgdf{0f / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{
;sf];\ . olb o:tf] x'g ;Sb}g eg], k]6]G6 k|bfg
gx'g klg ;S5 jf cbfntdf r'gf}tL lbPdf o;nfO{
lkmtf{ nfg klg ;lsG5 .
bfaLx¿
bfaLn] k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0fsf] bfo/f lgwf{/0f
ub{5 . k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]]hsf] nflu bfaL ;fx|}
g} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . olb Tof] bfaL ;xL tl/sfn]
d:of}bf ul/Psf] 5}g eg] Pp6f d"Nojfg\ vf]h
d"NoxLg vf]hsf] ?kdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sb5 .
h;nfO{ ;lhn};Fu 5Ng jf To;sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df
c? gd"gf tof/ kfg{ ;lsG5 .
k]6G] 6sf] d'2f dfldnfdf s'g} k]6G] 6 a}w 5 ls 5}g
/ s'g} k]6G] 6sf] cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/
lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu ;j{k|yd bfaLnfO{ g} JofVof
ug]{ ul/G5 . k]6G] 6 cfj]bgsf] d:of}bf vf; ul/sg
bfaLsf] xsdf ljz]if1sf] /fo ;Nnfx lng' ;a}eGbf
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .
bfaLsf pbfx/0fx¿ /]vf+sgsf] pbfx/0f
æcfFvfsf] gfgL klxrfg k|0ffnLÆ gfds lzif{s
/x]sf] k]6]G6 g+= o'P; $^$!#$( sf] k|yd b'O{
bfaLx¿
!= Ps JolQmsf] klxrfg ug]{ k4lt h;df M
Ps JolQmsf] sDtLdf cfFvfsf] gfgLsf] Ps
efu / cfFvfsf] t:jL/ e08f/0f ug]{, s'g}
ckl/lrt JolQm h;sf] cfFvf / cfFvfsf]
gfgL 5 To;nfO{ pHofnf] agfpg], ckl/lrt
JolQmsf] cfFvf / cfvfFsf] gfgLsf] sDtLdf
Ps efu tl:j/ k|fKt ug]{ / k|fKt u/]sf]
cfFvfsf] gfgLsf] t:jL/nfO{ e08f/0f u/]sf]
tl:j/sf] hfgsf/Ll;t t'ngf u/L ckl/lrt
JolQmsf] klxrfg ug]{ .

@= klxnf] bfaLsf] k4ltdf cfFvfn] gfgL pHofnf]

agfpFbf cfFvfsf] gfgLnfO{ k"j{ lgwf{l/t
cfsf/df nfg' /x]sf] x'G5, sDtLdf gfgLsf]
efusf] k|fKt tl:j/nfO{ k"j{ lgwf{l/t cfsf/df
/x]sf] gfgLl;t t'ngf ug]{,
/]vfs+g
/vf+sgx¿n] vf]hsf] k|fljlws ljj/0fx¿nfO{
;f/f+z / b[ZofTds ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] kfOG5 .
o;n] k|sflzt ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] ;"rgf,
cf}hf/ jf kl/0ffdsf] af/]df JofVof ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpb5 . /]vf+sgx¿ ;w}+ cfj]bgsf] cfjZos
efu rflxF xf]Ogg\ . olb vf]h s]xL ug]{ k|lqmof
jf k4ltsf] nflu xf] eg] /]vf+sg k|foMh;f]
cfjZos x'Fbg} . olb /]vf+sg cfjZos x'G5 eg]
To;sf] :jLsfo{tfnfO{ cf}krfl/s lgodn] lgb]l{ zt
ub{5 .
Hofs jf bfo/ 5'6fpg] pks/0f k]6]G6 g+= l8O{
!)@#)!&( pQm vf]hn] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rSsf prfNg]
gjLgtd\ Hofs pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . o;n] ;xof]uL
;+/rgf -!!_ sf] k|of]u ub{5 h;n] rSsfx¿sf]
-!_ aflx/L 3]/f -$_ ;Dd l38b5 . Hofsn] ;jf/L
;fwgsf] c+unfO{ geO{ rSsfnfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf ;+rflnt
ub{5 . t;y{ Hofssf] Go"g nDafO{n] klg rSsfnfO{
hldg eGbf dfly prfNg kof{Kt x'G5 .
;f/f+z
vf]hsf] ;f/e"t ;+If]k g} ;f/f+z xf] . k]6]G6sf]
sfof{noåf/f k]6G] 6 k|sflzt ePkl5 ;f/f+z klxnf]
k[i7df ;dfj]z ul/G5 ;f/f+znfO{ slxn]sflxF
;DalGwt k]6]G6 sfof{nosf] k]6]G6 k/LIfsåf/f
;'wf/ jf d:of}bf klg ug]{ ul/G5 .
@%
 k]6]G6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{ slt ;do nfU5<
k]6G] 6 sfof{noåf/f k]6G] 6 k|bfg ug]{ ;do sfof{no
/ k|fljlws If]q cg';f/ km/s x'G5 / of] ;do
s]xL dlxgf b]lv s]xL jif{;Dd nfUg ;S5 .
;fdfGotof @ b]lv % jif{;Dd nfUg ;S5 . s]xL
k]6]G6sf sfof{nox¿n] s]xL vf; cj:yfdf
cfj]bsn] cg'/f]w u/]df l56f] k]6]G6 k|bfg ug]{
k|lqmof :yflkt klg u/]sf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bs g+= PCT/FR/2004/000264
e"–pku|xsf] wf/0ff tyf cGt/LIfo ult
lgoGq0f ug]{ cfs[lt
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
k|bfg ul/Psf] k]6]G6sf] eflifs z'l4s/0f
Ps k6s k]6]G6 k|bfg u/L ;s]kl5 k]6]G6sf]
eflifs z'l4s/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . z'l4s/0f
ug'{sf] p2]Zo s] xf] eg] k]6]G6df Tof] klg vf;
ul/sg bfaLdf s'g} uNtL jf zAbx¿ 5'6s ] f] gxf];\
eg]/ x]g{sf] nflu ul/G5 .
@^
tkfO{sf] vf]h s'g ldltb]lv ;+/lIft x'G5 <
h'g ldltdf tkfO{nfO{ k]6]G6 k|bfg ul/Psf] x'G5
tkfO{sf] clwsf/ klg ;f]xL ldltaf6 k|efjsf/L
?kaf6 nfu" x'G5 / olb t]>f] kIfaf6 tkfO{sf]
vf]hsf] cglws[t ta/af6 k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 eg]
To; lj?4 sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . s]xL
b]zx¿df tkfO{n] k]6G] 6 k|fKt ul/;s]kZrft\ tkfO{sf]
k]6]G6 cfj]bg k|sfzg ePsf] ldlt -;fdfGotof
klxnf] cfj]bg a'emfPsf] !* dlxgfkl5_ / k]6]G6
k|bfg u/]sf] ldltsf] cjlwleq tkfO{sf] k]6]G6sf]
lj?4df ePsf] cltqmd0fsf] lj?4df To:tf]
cltqmd0fsf/Lsf] lj?4 d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg'
x'G5 . k|sfzg / k]6G] 6 k|bfg u/]sf] cjlwaLrsf]
nflu tkfO{sf] k]6]G6 cltqmd0f ePsf]df tkfO{n]
dgfl;j dflkmssf] Ifltk"lt{sf] bfaL ug{;Sg'
x'G5 . t/ of] ;a} b]zx¿df gx'g ;Sb5 -o;sf]
nflu k[i7 #( b]lv $! x]g'{;\_
s]xL b]zx¿df Pp6} vf]hsf] nflu tkfO{n] k]6G] 6sf]
cfj]bg / pkof]uL gd"gfsf] cfj]bg a'emfpg ;Sg'
x'g5
] . of] slxn]sflxF dfq ul/G5 / o:tf] ug's { f]
k5fl8 s] /x]sf] 5 eg] k]6]G6 k|bfg geP;Dd
pkof]uL gd"gfsf] ;+/If0f -h'g ;fdfGtof l56f]
k|bfg ul/G5_ af6 nfeflGjt xf];\ eGg] p2]Zoaf6
o:tf] ul/G5 .
k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0f slt ;do;Dd /xG5<
olb gjLs/0f / dd{t z'Ns ;dod} a'emfPsf] 5
/ ;f] cjlwleq To:tf] k]6G] 6 cj}wflgs jf v08g
/x]sf] egL s'g} cg'/f]w gcfPdf cfj]bg a'emfPsf]
ldltb]lv @) jif{sf] nflu k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 . h'g
rngrNtLsf] cGt/f{li6«o k|rng klg /x]sf] 5 .
dflysf] Joj:yf k]6G] 6sf] sfg"gL hLjgl;t ;DalGwt
5 t/ olb Tof] k]6G] 6n] c+ufn]sf] k|ljlw c;fdflos
eof], Joj;flos x'g ;s]g jf To:tf] k]6]G6df
cfwfl/t pTkfbgn] ahf/df ;kmntf kfpg ;s]g
eg] To; cj:yfdf Tof] k]6]G6sf] Jofj;flos jf
cfly{s hLjg ;dfKt ePsf] dflgG5 . oL ;a}
cj:yfdf k]6]G6 wf/sn] dd{t / gjLs/0f z'Ns
ljrf/fwLg k]6]G6
w]/} sDkgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgdf ljrf/fwLg
k]6]G6 jf k]6]G6sf] nflu cfj]bg u/]sf] eGg]
zAbx¿ /fv]sf x'G5g\ / slxn]sfFlx o:tf zAb
;Fu;Fu} k]6]G6 k|bfg ul/;s]kl5 sDkgLx¿n]
pTkfbg k]6]G6 eO;s]sf] egL ;"rgf ;d]t lbg]
Pp6f ;femf k|rng ePsf] 5 / o:tf] ;"rgfdf
gltg]{ lg0f{o klg ug{ ;Sb5 . h; cg';f/ @)
jif{sf] ;+/If0fsf] cjlw cufj} g} ;dfKt u/L
;fj{hlgs If]qleq kfg{ ;lsG5 .
s]xL b]zx¿df ;+/If0f @) jif{ eGbf a9L nDAofpg
klg ;lsG5 jf s]xL vf; cj:yfdf k"/s ;+/If0fsf]
k|df0f kq klg k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf]
nflu cf}ifwL ;DaGwL k]6]G6x¿sf] nflu ;DalGwt
;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ahf/Ls/0fsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt
ug{ s]xL ;do nfUg] eO{ Joj;foLs/0fdf ljnDa
x'g] x'gfn] of] k|df0f kq k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 . k'/s
;+/If0fsf] k|df0f kqsf] ;Lldt cjlw x'G5 /
;fdfGotof of] kfFr jif{eGbf a9L x'Fb}g .
k]6]G6sf] gDa/ klg ;dfj]z ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
oBlk oL zAbfjnLn] cltqmd0fsf] lj?4 s'g}
sfg"gL ;+/If0f pknAw gu/fP klg o;n] cGo
JolQmx¿nfO{ Tof] pTkfbgsf] ;du| jf To;sf]
gjLgtd kIfx¿sf] gSsn gu/f];\ eGg]
r]tfjgLsf] ?kdf sfd ub{5 .
@&
 k]6G] 6 cfj]bg btf{ ug{sf] nflu s] tkfO{nfO{ k]6G] 6
Ph]G6sf] cfjZostf kb{5 <
k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] tof/L / k]6]G6 k|bfg ubf{sf]
k|lqmof cfkm+}df Pp6f hl6n sfd xf] . k]6]G6
;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg lbg' eGgfn] lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{
hgfpFb5 .
· tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{ k]6G] 6 cof]Uo gt'Nofcf];\
eGg] p2]Zon] k"jj{ tL{ snfsf] klxrfg ug{sf]
nflu k"j{jtL{ vf]h ug{',
· sfg"gL tyf k|fljlws efiffnfO{ ;+nUg u/L
vf]hsf] bfaL tyf k"0f{ ljj/0f n]vg ug'{,
· k]6G] 6 cfj]bgsf] ;f/jfg k/LIf0f x'bF f /fli6«o
jf If]qLo k]6G] 6sf] sfof{nol;t kqfrf/ ug{,'
· k]6]G6 sfof{noaf6 cg'/f]w eP cg';f/
cfj]bgdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{' .
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
oL ;a} kIfx¿sf] nflu k]6]G6;DaGwL sfg"g /
k]6]G6 sfof{nosf] cEof;af/] ulx/f] 1fgsf]
cfjZostf kb{5 . sfg"gL jf k|fljlws ;xof]u
oBlk afWofTds geP tfklg o:tf] ;xof]u lng
l;kmfl/; ub{5f}+ . k]6G] 6sf] Ph]G6 hf] l;t sfg"gL
1fg / cg'ej x'gs ' f] ;fy} vf]hsf] k|fljlws If]qdf
k|fljlws k[i7e"ld ;d]t /x]sf] 5 eg] To:tf]
k]6]G6sf] Ph]G6 dfly lge{/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
w]/}h;f] sfg"gn] ljb]zL cfj]bssf] k|ltlglwTj
;DalGwt b]zd} btf{ /x]sf] k]6G] 6sf] Ph]G6 dfkm{t
x'g' kg]{ Joj:yf /fv]sf] kfOG5 .

k]6]G6 g+= EP1165393

æjfo'nfO{ t/ndf k"/0f ug]{ / t/nnfO{ efF8f]df
k"/0fÆ ljifos 6f]ag{ ˆnfgjf]osf] k]6G] 6nfO{ ;"rL
A/S df btf{ ul/Psf] 5, h'g Pp6f 8]lg; demf}nf
pBf]u xf] . kl5 uP/ of] /fd|f] laqmL x'g] pTkfbg
x'g k'Uof] .

@*
s] tkfO{n] Pp6} cfj]bgaf6 w]/} vf]hsf] ;+/If0fsf]
nflu cfj]bg ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 <
w]/}h;f] k]6]G6sf sfg"gx¿n] cfj]bgdf sltj6f
ljleGg vf]hx¿ ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ s]xL
lglZrt ;Ldf tf]lslbPsf] x'G5 . To:tf] ;Ldfdf
vf]hsf] PsTjsf] tyfslyt cfjZostf klg
kb{5 . ha ls s]xL k]6]G6 sfg"gn] vf]hsf]
PsTjsf] cGo k|sf/sf] cfjZostf -pbfx/0fsf]
nflu ;+oQ' m /fHo cd]l/sfsf] k]6G] 6 sfg"g_ tf]ss
] f]
kfOG5 eg] cGon] -h:t} o"/f]lkog k]6G] 6 cg'aGw
/ k]6]G6 ;xof]u ;GwL_ Pp6} cfj]bgdf ;dfj]z
u/fpgsf] nflu vf]hx¿nfO{ cGt;{DalGwt u/fO{
Pp6f gjLgtd cjwf/0ff cGtu{t cfj]bg lbg
cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 .s
;+lIfKt hfFr ;"lr
· s] tkfO{sf] vf]h k]6]G6 of]Uo 5 <
k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL ug'{;\ / k]6]G6
tYofs+x¿sf] /fd|f] k|of]u ug'{; .
· k]6]G6 cfj]bg bfo/ ug]{M ;DalGwt
k|fljlws If]qdf / vf; u/Lsg bfaLsf]
d:of}bf ug]{ bIf k]6]G6 Ph]G6÷jlsnsf]
;xof]u lng] s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg' xf];\ .
olb vf]hsf] PsTjsf] cefj ePdf cfj]bsn] of
t bfaLx¿nfO{ ;Lldt ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 jf cfj]bgnfO{
ljeQm -k|fvl08s cfj]bgx¿_ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
k|of]u x'g] sfg"gsf] leGgtfsf] kl/0ffd :j?k,
s]xL b]zdf Pp6} k]6G] 6 cfj]bg kof{Kt x'g ;Sb5
eg] cGodf oxL sfdsf] nflu b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf
a9L cfj]bgx¿ a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .
· cfj]bgsf] ;doM l56f], l9nf] cfj]bg
lbg]sf] sf/0fnfO{ dWogh/ /fVg'xf];\ /
tkfO{sf] k]6]G6 cfj]bg bfo/ ug]{ ;jf]{Qd
;dosf] af/]df ;f]Rg'xf];\ .
· ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]M{ tkfO{sf] vf]hsf]
k]6G] 6 x'g] of]UotfnfO{ gf]S;fgL x'g] lsl;dn]
cfkm\gf] vf]hnfO{ w]/} l56f] To;sf] ;"rgf
;fj{hlgs gug'{xf];\ .
· dd{t z'NsM tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6x¿nfO{ axfn
/fvL /fVgsf] nflu dd{t jf gjLs/0f
z'Ns ;do d} a'emfpg' kg]{ s'/fdf Wofg
lbg'xf];\ .
@(
 #= afx\o b]zdf k]6]G6
afXo b]zdf k]6]G6x¿sf] nflu cfj]bg
lsg lbg] <
k]6]G6x¿ k|fb]lzs clwsf/ x'g\ . eGg'sf] tfTko{
s] xf] eg] h'g b]zx¿df jf If]qx¿df k]6]G6sf]
;+/If0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 ;f]xL b]z jf If]qdf dfq}
;f] vf]h ;+/lIft x'G5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{,
olb tkfO{nfO{ s'g} cd's b]zn] k]6G] 6 k|bfg u/]sf]
5}g eg] tkfO{sf] vf]h To; cd's b]zdf ;+/lIft
xFb' g} . h;n] ubf{ hf] sf]xLn] klg tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{
To; b]zdf agfpg, k|of]u ug{, cfoft ug{ jf
a]Rg ;Sg]5 .
ljb]zL /fi6«x¿df k]6G] 6sf] ;+/If0f ugf{n] tkfO{sf]
sDkgLnfO{ tL b]zx¿df k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]hdf
Psflwsf/ k|bfg ub{5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm afXo
b]zdf k]6]G6 u/]df tkfO{sf] sDkgLnfO{ cfkm\gf]
k]6G] 6 ljb]zL kmd{x¿nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ cg'dlt k|bfg
ug's { f] ;fy} afXo ;DaGw ljsf; ug]{ / c?l;tsf]
;fem]bf/L dfkm{t tL ahf/df cfkm\gf] kx'rF k'¥ofpg
;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 .
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= FCT/US02/12182
b"/ lgoGq0f k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{ pks/0f
#)
ljb]zdf k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] nflu slxn]
cfj]bg ug]{ <
s'g} cd's vf]hsf] nflu lbg'ePsf] klxnf] cfj]bgsf]
ldltnfO{ k|fylds ldlt elgG5 / tTkZrft\ tkfO{n]
cGo b]zx¿df !@ dlxgfleq -cyf{t\ k|fylds
cjlwleq_ cfj]bg ug'{ ePdf tkfO{sf] cfj]bgn]
k|fyldstf kfpFb5 . eGgfn] olb s;}n] tkfO{sf]
k|fylds ldlt kZrft\ p:t} vf]hsf] nflu cfj]bg
lbPsf] /x]5 eg] To; cj:yfdf tkfO{sf] cfj]bgn]
k|fyldstf kfpFb5 . To; sf/0f k|fylds cjlwleq
ljb]zdf k]6]G6sf] nflu cfj]bg bfo/ ug'{ plrt
x'G5 .
k|fylds cjlwsf] ;do ;dfKt ePkl5 / k]6G] 6sf]
sfof{noåf/f k]6]G6sf] klxnf] k|sfzg geP;Dd
-;fdfGotof k|fylds ldltsf] !* dlxgf kl5_
tkfO{n] cGo b]zx¿df ;f]xL vf]hsf] ;+/If0fsf]
nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 t/ tkfO{n]
lbPsf] k"j{ cfj]bgsf] xsdf k|fyldstfsf] bfaL
ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg . tkfO{sf] vf]h Psk6s k|sflzt
eO;s]kl5 tkfO{n] ljb]zL /fi6«x¿df k]6G] 6 ;+/If0f
k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'Gg . tkfO{sf] vf]hn] cfkm\gf]
gjLgtf u'dfPsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{
g;s]sf] xf] .
tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]hnfO{ sxfF ;+/lIft
ug'{ k5{ <
w]/} b]zx¿df cfkm\gf] vf]hnfO{ ;+/lIft ubf{ Hofb}
g} dxFuf] sfo{ ePsf] x'gfn] sDkgLx¿n] s'g–s'g
b]zx¿df ;+/If0f rflxg] xf] tL b]zx¿ ;fjwfgLk"js
{
5gf}6 ug'{ k5{ . vf]h sxfF k]6]G6 ug]{ eGg] af/]
ljrf/ k'¥ofpFbf lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿nfO{ dWogh/
/fVg' kg]{ x'G5 .
· k]6G] 6 ul/Psf] pTkfbg sxfF Joj;foLs/0f
x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 <
· To:t} pTkfbgsf] nflu x'g ;Sg] d'Vo
ahf/x¿ s'g s'g xf] <
· k|To]s nlIft ahf/df k]6G] 6 ubf{ nfUg] vr{
s] slt xf] / d]/f] ah]6 slt 5 <
· d'Vo k|lt:kwL{x¿ sxfF cjl:yt 5g\ <
· pTkflbt j:t' sxfF agfOG5 <
· s'g} cd's b]zdf k]6G] 6nfO{ nfu" ug{ sltsf]
ufx|f] x'G5 <
cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= PCT/IT98/00133
/]vLo lgoGq0f ug]{ gofF pkfosf] cfljisf/
h;nfO{ O6flnog sDkgL Grindi SRL n] k|of]u
u¥of] . o;nfO{ pTkfbgsf] Jofkf/Ls/0fdf k]6]G6
k|bfg ul/of] .
ljb]zdf tkfO{n] k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg
s;/L ug]{<
tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{ ljb]zdf ;+/If0f ug]{ tLg d'Vo
tl/sf 5g\ M
/fli6«o dfu{ M tkfO{ cfkm'n] rfx]sf] k|To]s
/fi6«sf] /fli6«o k]6]G6sf] sfof{nodf rflxg] efiff
/ cfjZos z'Ns a'emfO{ k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg ug{
;Sg' x'G5 . olb b]zx¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5 eg] of]
dfu{ af]lemnf] / dxFuf] x'g ;Sb5 .
If]qLo dfu{ M olb s]xL b]zx¿ If]qLo k]6]G6
k|0ffnLsf] ;b:o 5g\ eg] To; cj:yfdf tkfO{n]
tL ;a} If]qx¿df jf s]xLdf ;DalGwt If]qLo
sfof{nodf cfj]bg ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . If]qLo k]6G] 6sf]
sfof{nox¿ lgDg 5g\M–
· clk|msg af}l4s ;DklQ ;+u7g
(www.oapi.wipo.net)
· clk|msg If]qLo af}l4s ;DklQ ;+u7g
(www.aripo.wipo.net)
· o'/]lzof k]6]G6 ;+u7g
(www.epo.org)
· o'/f]lkog k]6]G6sf] sfof{no
(www.epo.org)
· uNkm ;xof]u kl/ifb\sf] k]6]G6sf] sfof{no
(www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa)
#!
 cGt/fli6«o dfu{ M olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] k]6G] 6
;xof]u ;GwL -lkl;6L_ sf] ;b:o /x]sf] s]xL
b]zx¿df cfkm\gf] vf]hsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ljsNk
/f]hd] f To; cj:yfdf To:tf sDkgLn] cGt/f{li6«o
lkl;6L cfj]bg bfo/ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To;f] ug{sf]
nflu tkfO{ lkl;6Ldf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] /fHosf]
gful/s jf afl;Gbf x'g h?/L 5 jf oL b]zx¿ cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= PCT/US2001/028473
dWo] s'g} Ps b]zdf tkfO{sf] Joj;foLsf] cf}wf]lus EnvironScrub Technologies Corporation
jf Jofkfl/s pkl:ylt x'g cfjZos x'G5 . lkl;6L Ps cd]l/sg demf}nf pBf]u xf], h;n] ljb]zL
cGtu{t Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg u/]df tkfO{n] ahf/df k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f u¥of], / afXo bz]x?df
lkl;6L cGtu{t /x]sf !@% ;b:o /fi6«df Ps} btf{ ;Demf}tf u/L ljZj Jofkf/ ug{ ;Ifd eof] .
;dodf vf]hsf] k]6]G6 ;+/If0f ug{ ;Sg'x'G5
-kl/lzi6fs+ II x]g'{;\ _ o:tf] cfj]bg tkfO{n] of
t /fli6«o jf If]qLo k]6]G6sf] sfof{no jf h]g]ef
l:j6\/Nof08df cjl:yt ljZj af}l4s ;DklQsf]
sfof{no -ljkf]_ df bfo/ ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 .

;+lIfKt hfFr ;"lr · sxfF cfj]bg ug]{M tkfO{n] sxfF ;+/If0f

· k|fb]lzs clwsf/x¿ M k]6G] 6x¿ k|fb]lzs lnPdf tkfO{ nfeflGjt x'g' x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

clwsf/ x'g eg]/ ;Demg'xf];\ . dWogh/ /fVg'xf];\ / w]/} b]zx¿df

· k|fylds cjlwM ljb]zdf ;+/If0f ug{sf]
nflu cfj]bg ug{ k|fylds cjlwsf] k|of]u
ug';
{ \ / clGtd ldltx¿ gu'dfpg' xf];\ h;n]
ubf{ ljb]zdf k]6G] 6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{ cj/f]w
cfpg ;S5 .
;+/If0f ubf{ nfUg] vr{nfO{ klg dWogh/
/fVg'xf];\ .
· s;/L cfj]bg ug]{ M cfj]bgsf] k|lqmofnfO{
;xh t'Nofpg lkl;6L k|of]u ug]{ af/]
;f]Rg'xf];\ . ;do lng'xf];\ / k]6G] 6 ;+/If0fsf]
nflu lg0f{odf k'Ugsf] nflu k]6]G6;DaGwL
;"rgfx¿ pknAw ug'{xf];\ .

#@
lkl;6Lsf nfex¿
lkl;6Ln] !@ dlxgfsf] k|fylds cjlwsf] cltl/Qm
yk !* dlxgf pknAw u/fpFb5 h;n] ubf{
cfj]bsx¿nfO{ w]/} b]zx¿df cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf]
Joj;flos ;DefJotfsf] vf]hL ug]{ / sxfF k]6G] 6sf]
;+/If0f lng] eGg] ljifodf lg0f{o lng ;S5g\ .
h;n] ubf{ /fli6«o cfj]bgx¿l;t ;DaGw /x]sf]
cg'jfbsf] vr{ / z'Nssf] e'QmfgLdf ljnDa x'g
hfG5 . cfkm\gf] ljsNk w]/} nfdf] ;do;Dd v'nf
/fVgsf] nflu cfj]bsx¿n] lkl;6Lsf] Jofks
k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ .
lkl;6L cGt/f{li6«o vf]h k|ltj]bg / cGt/f{li6«o
vf]h clwsf/Lsf] lnlvt ljrf/af6 klg
cfj]bsx¿n] cfkm\gf] vf]hsf] ;Defljt k]6]G6
of]Uotfaf/] d"Nojfg\ hfgsf/L kfpFb5g\ . oL
b:tfj]hx¿n] lkl;6Lsf cfj]bsx¿nfO{ k]6]G6
;+/If0fsf] nflu cl3 a9\g] ls ga9g] / olb cl3
a9\g] xf] eg] sxfF hfg] eGg] lg0f{odf k'¥ofpgsf]
nflu Pp6f bl/nf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf sfd ub{5 .
cGt/f{li6«o vf]h k|ltj]bgn] ljZje/Laf6 k|fKt
u/]sf] k"j{jtL{ snfsf] ;"rL ;dfj]z u/]sf]
x'G5 . h;nfO{ vf]hsf] nflu ;fGble{s egL
klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o vf]h clwsf/Lsf]
lnlvt ljrf/n] cGt/f{li6«o vf]h k|ltjb]gsf]
kl/0ffdsf] cfwf/df ;Defljt k]6]G6 of]Uotfsf]
ljZn]if0f ug]{ ub{5 .
Pp6f efiffdf n]lvPsf] / Pp6} z'Ns /fvL bfo/
ul/Psf] lkl;6L cfj]bgn] ;a} lkl;6L ;b:o
/fi6«df sfg"gL dfgotf k|fKt ub{5 . o;n] k|To]s
k]6G] 6sf] sfof{nodf 5'§f–5'§} cfj]bg bfo/ ubf{
nfUg] vr{nfO{ k|f/lDes ?kdf Go"g ub{5 .
lkl;6LnfO{ s]xL If]qLo k]6]G6 k|0ffnL cGtu{t
cfj]bg ug{ klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . lkl;6L
cGtu{t cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg s;/L ug]{ eGg]
dfu{bz{g tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] /fli6«o k]6G] 6sf] sfof{no
/ www.wipo.int/pct pknAw ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .

lkl;6L cfj]bg k|lqmofsf] ?k/]vf

/fli6«o
dlxgf lkl;6L bfo/ cGt/f{li6«o r/0fdf
cfj]bg k|sfzg k|j]z
) !@ !^ !* @@ @* #)

:yfgLo cfj]bg cGt/f{li6«o vf]h -P]lR5s_ -P]lR5s_

bfo/ k|ltj]bg / cGt/f{li6«o k]6]G6of]Uotf af/]
lnlvt ljrf/ k|f/lDes cGt/f{li6«o
k/LIf0f dfu k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg

##
 $= k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlwsf]
Joj;foLs/0f
k]6G] 6 ul/Psf] k|ljlwnfO{ tkfO{n] s;/L Joj;foLs/0f
ug'{ x'G5 <
k]6]G6 cfkm}+df Jofj;flos ;kmntfsf] k|lte"lt
xf]Og . cfkm\gf] vf]haf6 nfeflGjt x'gsf] nflu
sDkgLsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ Pp6f oGq dfq
xf] . sDkgLnfO{ oyfy{ nfe pknAw u/fpgsf]
nflu, k]6G] 6nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|of]u ug{' h?/L
5 / k]6G] 6df cfwfl/t ptkfbgn] ahf/df ;kmntf
kfof] eg] jf sDkgLsf] k|lti7f / df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{
zlQmdf clej[l4 eof] eg] dfq cyf]{kfh{g ug{
;Sb5 . Pp6f k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]hnfO{
ahf/df k'¥ofpgsf] nflu sDkgL;Fu w]/} ljsNkx¿
x'G5g\ .
· k]6G] 6 ul/Psf] vf]hnfO{ k|ToIf Jofj;foLs/0f
u/]/,
· s;}nfO{ k]6]G6 a]r]/,
· c?nfO{ k]6G] 6 k|of]u ug]{ cg'dlt kq lbP/,
· ;+oQ' m nufgL :yfkgf u/]/ jf ;Dk"/s ;DklQ
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
ePsf;Fu /0fgLlts u7aGwg :yflkt
u/]/ .
#$
k]6G] 6 ul/Psf] pTkfbgnfO{ tkfO{n] ahf/df s;/L
n}hfg' x'G5 <
ahf/df s'g] klg gofF pTkfbgsf] Jofj;flos
;kmntf To;sf] k|fljlws :j?kdf dfq lge{/
/xFbg} . k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 s'g} vf]h k|l;4
x'g;S5 t/ olb To;sf] dfu k|efjsf/L 5}g jf
olb Tof] pTkfbgnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] ahf/Ls/0f
ul/Psf] 5}g eg] To;n] pkef]QmfnfO{ cfslif{t
ug{ ;Sb}g . t;y{ Jofj;flos ;kmntf cGo
kIfx¿df klg lge{/ ug]{ ub{5 . h:t} ls pTkfbgsf]
9fFrf, cfly{s ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf, k|efjsf/L
ahf/Ls/0f, /0fgLltsf] ljsf; / k|lt:kwL{
jf cGo pTkfbgx¿sf] t'ngfdf Tof]
pTkfbgsf] d"No .
s'g} gjLgtd pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/df n}hfgsf] nflu
Pp6f Jofj;flos of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug'{ pkof]u
x'G5 . Jofj;flos ljrf/sf] ;DefJotf k/LIf0fsf
nflu Jofj;flos of]hgfx? k|efjsf/L cf}hf/
x'g\ . nufgLstf{sxfF kx'Fr k'¥ofpg Jofj;flos
of]hgf cfjZos x'G5, h;af6 tkfO{n] cfkm\gf]
k]6]G6 ul/Psf] pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/df k'¥ofpg
nufgLstf{af6 cfly{s ;|f]t k|fKt ug{
;Sg'xG' 5 . Jofj;flos of]hgfdf tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]
k]6G] 6x¿ / k]6G] 6 /0fgLltsf] ;"rgf ;dfj]z ug'{
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . lsgls o;n] tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]
pTkfbgsf] gjLgtfsf] ;"rs aGg'sf] ;fy} tkfO{sf]
kl/>dL :jefj k|dfl0ft ub}{ cGo sDkgLx¿sf]
k]6G] 6x¿df x'g;Sg] cltqmd0fsf] vt/fnfO{ Go"g
ub{5 .
s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k]6G] 6 a]Rg ;Sg' x'G5 <
tkfO{n] ckfm\gf] k]6G] 6 a]Rg ;Sg'xG' 5 / o;nfO{
k]6G] 6 x:tfGt/0f klg elgG5 . o;n] csf]{ JolQm
pk/ k]6G] 6sf] :jfldTj :yfoL ?kdf x:tfGt/0f
ub{5 . o:tf] lg0f{o ln+bf w]/} ;fjwfgL / ljrf/
k'¥ofpg' kg]{ x'G5 .
tkfO{ cfkm\gf] k]6G] 6 cGonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug's
{ f] ;§f
cg'dlt kq k|bfg ug'e{ of] eg] tkfO{n] k]6G] 6sf]
afFsL /x]sf] hLjge/ clwsf/ z'Ns -/f]ofN6L_ k|fKt
u/L nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg' x'G5 . To;}n] cg'dlt kq
k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ cfly{s ?kdf k'/:sf/of]Uo /0fgLlt
x'g ;S5 . cfkm\gf] k]6G] 6 c?nfO{ ;'lDkPdf tkfO{sf]
k]6G] 6 sfnfGt/df hlt gfkmfof]Uo eP klg tkfO{n]
;Demf}tf u/] adf]lhdsf] /sdsf] e'QmfgL Psk6s
kfpg' x'G5 / eljiodf s'g} /f]ofN6L kfpg' x'Gg .
slxn]sfFlx k]6G] 6 x:tfGt/0f s]xL cj:yfdf nfebfos
x'g ;S5 . olb s'g} k]6G] 6 s'g} lglZrt /sdsf]
nflu a]lrof] eg] tkfO{n] To;sf] d"No t'?Gt} k|fKt
ug'{ x'G5 / tkfO{ @) jif{;Ddsf] nflu s'l//xg'
kb}g{ . tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6nfO{ cGo k|ljlwn] Joy{ t'NofpF5
ls eGg] hf]lvdtfnfO{ klg Go"g ub{5 . To;sf]
cltl/Qm olb s'g} k]6G] 6 Tof] sDkgLl;t ;DaGw
/fVb}g eg] Tof] k]6G] 6nfO{ ev{/ z'? x'g nfu]sf]
sDkgLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]df Tof] sDkgLsf] nflu
cfly{s ;xof]u k"jz { t{ x'g;S5 .
tkfO{n] h] lg0f{o lng' x'G5, tkfO{sf] Tof] lg0f{o
tkfO{sf] cfjZostf / k|fyldstfdf cfwfl/t
x'G5 . tyflk k]6G] 6 x:tfGt/0fsf] s'/fnfO{ ;fdfGotof
l;kmfl/; ul/+bg} / k]6G] 6sf dflnsx¿n] k|foM h;f]
cfkm\gf] vf]hx¿ pk/ cfkm\gf] :jfldTj sfod} /fvL
cg'dlt kq k|bfg ug{ ?rfpFb5g\ .
c?n] k|of]u ug]{ u/L tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6sf]
cg'dltkq s;/L k|bfg ug'{ x'G5 <
k]6]G6sf] dflns -cg'dltkqjfnf_ n] s'g} csf]{
JolQmnfO{ -c'gdltkq lng]jfnf_ kf/:kl/s
;xdltsf] p2]Zosf] nflu k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]h
k|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbPdf To;nfO{ k]6G] 6sf] cg'dlt
k|bfg ul/Psf] elgG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf b'O{ kIfaLr
;Demf}tfsf] zt{ / ;Ldfx¿ tf]s/] Pp6f cg'dltsf]
s/f/ tof/ u/L x:tfIf/ ul/G5 .
cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tfåf/f cfkm\gf] k]6G] 6 ul/Psf]
vf]hnfO{ cGonfO{ To;sf] Joj;foLs/0f ug]{
clVtof/L k|bfg u/]df tkfO{sf] Joj;fonfO{ cfosf]
cltl/Qm ;|ft] k|fKt x'G5 / vf]h dfly sDkgLx¿sf]
Psflwsf/nfO{ pkof]u ug]{ Pp6f ;femf dfWod
x'g]5 .
olb vf]hsf] wgL /x]sf] sDkgLn] k"0f{ ?kdf
pTkfbg tof/ ug{ ;Sg]5 cj:yfdf 5}g jf
ahf/sf] dfu cg';f/ kof{Kt kl/df0f, pknAw
u/fpg ;Sb}g jf s'g} vf; ef}uf]lns If]q ;d]6g\
;Sb}g eg] To; cj:yfdf cg'dlt k|bfg ug'{
sDkgLsf] nflu pkof]uL x'G5 .
cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tf tof/ kfg{ ;Lko'Qm 5nkmn
/ d:of}bfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'gfn] To:tf] ;]jf
/ zt{ ;dfj]z ug{ / cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tf
d:of}bf ug{sf] nflu cg'dltkq ;DaGwL Joj;foLsf]
;xof]u lng' pko'Qm x'G5 . s]xL b]zx¿df cg'dlt
kqsf] ;Demf}tf ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{
ePsf] x'g'kb{5 .
#%
 tkfO{sf] k]6]G6af6 slt b/sf] clwsf/ z'Ns
-/f]ofN6L_ k|fKt ug]{ cfzf /fVg' x'G5<
cg'dlt kqsf] sf/f]af/df clwsf/sf] wgLnfO{
;fdfGotof Psd'i6 e'QmfgL jf clwsf/ z'Nsåf/f
e'QmfgL ul/G5 . o:tf] e'QmfgL pTkfbgsf] laqmLsf]
kl/0ffd -k|lt PsfO{ /f]ofN6L_ jf v'b laqmL -v'b
laqmLdf cfwfl/t /f]ofN6L_ df cfwfl/t x'G5 . w]/}
cj:yfdf c'gdlt kq k|bfg ul/Psf] k]6]G6sf]
e'QmfgL Psd'i6 e'QmfgL / /f]ofN6L ;+of]hg klg
xf] . slxn]sflxF sDkgLsf] z]o/ bfaL u/]sf]
cj:yfdf /f]ofN6LnfO{ lj:yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 .
/f]ofN6Lsf] b/ efp vf; pBf]ux¿sf] nflu cl:tTj
/x] klg Pp6f s'/f s] Wofg lbg' kg]{ x'G5 eg]
x/]s cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tf cfkm}+df clåtLo
x'G5 / /f]ofN6Lsf] b/ s] ljifoj:t'df 5nkmn
ul/Psf] To;df lge{/ x'G5 . t;y{ pBf]usf] :t/n]
k|f/lDes lgb]{zg pknAw u/fpFb5 . t/ To:tf]
:t/ dfly cWoflws lge{/tfn] klg slxn] unt
x'g ;Sb5 .
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
ef/tLo cfljisf/stf{ 8f= ldlnGb /f0f]åf/f k]6G] 6
cfj]bg ul/Psf] tfk ljlgdos, h;n] d'DaOsf]
demf}nf pBf]u;Fu btf{ ;Demf}tf u¥of] . o;jfkt
pgn] laqmLsf] $=% k|ltzt /sd /f]oN6Ljfkt
kfP . o;n] k]6]G6sf] dd{t vr{ klg Joxf]5{ .
#^
Psflwsf/ / Psflwsf/ ljlxg cg'dlt kq aLrsf]
leGgtf s] 5 <
cg'dlt k|fKt ug]x{ ¿sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df cg'dlt
kqsf] ;Demf}tf tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ h; cg';f/
k]6]G6 ;DaGwL sfd ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt x'G5 . tL
lgDg k|sf/sf x'G5g\M–
· Psflwsf/ k|fKt cg'dltkq M o;df
Ps hgf dfq cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmnfO{
k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlw k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/
x'G5 / o:tf] cg'dlt kqdf k]6G] 6sf] wgLn]
klg k|of]u ug{ kfpFb}g .
· PSnf] cg'dltkq M o;df PSnf] cg'dlt
kqjfnf / k]6G] 6sf] wgLnfO{ k]6G] 6 ul/Psf]
k|ljlw k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ x'G5 .
· Psflwsf/ljxLg cg'dltkq M o;df
w]/} cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmx¿ / k]6]G6sf]
wgLnfO{ k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlw k|of]u ug]{
clwsf/ x'G5 .
Psn cg'dltkqsf] ;Demf}tfdf To:tf] s]xL
k|fjwfgx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . h; cg';f/ s;}nfO{
Psflwsf/sf] cfwf/df / cGonfO{ Psn jf
Psflwsf/ ljxLgsf] cfwf/df clwsf/ k|bfg
ul/G5 .
d]lS;sf]sf] /fli6«o :jfoQ ljZj ljBfno (UNAM)
n] ljsf; u/]sf] v]/ hfg] kfgL ljsf; k|0ffnL,
h;n] IB k|ljlw;Fu ;kmn btf{ ;Demf}tf u¥of] .
s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6sf] nflu Psflwsf/ jf
Psflwsf/ ljxLg cg'dlt kq k|bfg ug'{ k5{ <
of] s'/f tkfO{sf] pTkfbg / tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]
Jofj;flos /0fgLltdf lge{/ /xG5 . pbfx/0fsf]
nflu, olb tkfO{sf] k|ljlw vf; ahf/sf ;a}
kfqx¿sf] nflu cfkm\gf] Joj;foL ;Dkfbfg ug{sf]
nflu Pp6f dfkb08 x'g ;Sof] eg] To; cj:yfdf
Psflwsf/ljxLg clwsf/ k|bfg ug'{ ePdf
kmfObfhgs x'g]5 . olb tkfO{sf] pTkfbgsf]
Joj;foLs/0f ug{sf] nflu s'g} Pp6f sDkgLsf]
nufgLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . -h:t}M k|of]uzfnf
k/LIf0fsf] nflu cf}ifwLo pTkfbgsf] nufgL_ eg]
s'g} Ps ;DefJo cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] cGo
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQml;t k|lt:kwf{ ug{ rfxGg
/ To; cj:yfdf p;n] Psflwsf/sf] cg'dlt kq
k|fKt ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 ug{ ;S5 .
k]6]G6sf] d"Nofs+g
n]vf cg'dlt kq, ;+of]hg jf s'g} rLhsf] k|fKt
x:tfGt/0f jf af}l4s ;DklQsf] vl/b jf sf]if
;+sng ;lxtsf] k]6G] 6sf] d"Nofs+g s'g} sDkgLn]
;Dkfbg ub{5 eg] Tof] To; sDkgLsf] nflu w]/}
sf/0fn] nfebfos jf h?/L x'g ;S5 . tyflk
k]6]G6sf] d"Nofs+gsf] nflu s'g} Ps k4lt geP
tfklg lgDg k4ltx¿ Jofks ?kdf k|rngdf
/x]sf kfOG5g\M
· cfo k4lt M of] cfo ?kdf k|of]u x'g]
k4lt xf] . of] k4ltn] ck]lIft cfosf]
k|jfxdf hf]8 lbG5 h'g k]6]G6 wf/sn]
k]6]G6sf] hLjg cjlwe/ k|fKt ub{5 .
tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{ cg'dltkq aGb u/fpg] pko'Qm
;do s'g xf] <
tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{ cg'dltkq aGb u/fpg] To:tf]
s'g} pko'Qm ;do 5}g lsgls To:tf] ;do ljifosf]
ljz]iftfdf lge{/ ug]{ ub{5 . tyflk s'g} :jtGq
pBdL jf nufgLstf{nfO{ hlt ;Sbf] l56f] btf{
ubf{ nfUg] vr{nfO{ ;'lglZrtf k|bfg ub{5 . k]6G] 6
k|bfg ug{sf] nflu klv{/xg' kb}{g .
k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]hsf] Joj;foLs/0f u/L gfkmf
cfh{g ug{sf] nflu plrt ;do vf]Hg'eGbf klg
plrt ;fem]bf/x¿ vf]Hg pko'Qm x'G5 .
· nfut k4ltM cfGtl/s jf jfXo ?kdf
To:t} lsl;dsf] ;DklQsf] ljsf; ubf{ nfUg]
vr{sf] u0fgf u/L k]6]G6sf] d"No :yflkt
ul/G5 .
· ahf/ k4ltM ahf/df x'g] t'ngfTds
ljlgdosf] d"Nodf cfwfl/t x'G5 .
· ljsNkdf cfwfl/t k4lt M ljsNk
d"No k4ltdf cfwfl/t x'G5 .
k]6]G6sf] d"NonfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] t/ To;nfO{
dfkg ug{ g;lsg] w]/} kIfx¿ 5g\ h:t} k]6G] 6sf]
bfaLsf] zlQm jf lgs6 ljsNkx¿sf] cl:tTj .
#&
 olb tkfO{ k|lt:kwL{x¿sf] k]6G] 6 k|lt ?lr /fVg'ePsf]
5 eg] To; cj:yfdf tkfO{n] s] To;nfO{ k|of]u
ug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 <
k|lt:kwL{sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|ljlwnfO{ tkfO{sf]
pTkfbg jf k|lqmofdf ;+of]hg ug{sf] nflu clVtof/L
k|fKt ug{ ;w} ;/n jf ;xh x'g ;Sb}g . tyflk,
olb tkfO{sf] k|lt:kwL{ klg tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]
k]6G] 6x¿df ?lr /fVb5 eg] To; cj:yfdf Cross
licensing sf] af/]df ;f]Rg' pko'Qm x'G5 . Cross
;+lIfKt hfFr;"lr
· Joj;foLs/0fM tkfO{sf] k]6]G6 ul/Psf]
vf]hnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f ug]{ ljleGg ljsNksf]
af/]df Wofg lbg'xf];\ / olb tkfO{n] cfkm\gf]
s'g} gjLgtd pTkfbg ahf/df ptfg]{ lg0f{o
lng'ePsf] 5 eg] kTofl/nf] Jofj;flos
of]hgfsf] ;'lglZrtf ug'{xf];\ .
· cg'dltkqM clwsf/ z'Nssf] b/ /
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
cg'dltkqsf] ;Demf}tfsf cGo :j?kx¿
;f}bfafhLsf] ljifoj:t' x'g\ / cg'dltkqsf]
;Demf}tf d:of}bf ubf{ / To; ;DaGwL
;f}bfafhL ubf{ ljz]if1sf] ;Nnfx lng'
pko'Qm x'G5 .
#*
liceneing To:tf pBf]ux¿df cfd k|rngdf /x]sf]
5 hxfF b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L k|lt:kwL{x¿n] Ps
csf{sf] k"/s x'g] vf]hx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L w]/}
k]6]G6x¿ wf/0f u/]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf k|lt:kwL{
sDkgLx¿n] ltgLx¿ -k|lt:kwL{x¿_ sf] :jfldTjdf
/x]sf] k]6]G6 k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt ub]{ To:tf
k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] k]6]G6x¿ k|of]u ug]{
clwsf/ k|bfg ub}{ ;+rfngsf] :jtGqtf ;'lglZrt
ub{5g\ .
· Psflwsf/ lj?4 Psflwsf/ljxLgtfM
k|ljlwsf] kl/kSjtf / tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]
Jofj;flos /0fgLltsf] cfwf/df Psflwsf/
jf Psflwsf/ljxLg vfnsf] clwsf/ k|bfg
ug]{ af/] Wofg lbg'xf];\ .
· Cross licensing M c?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
k|ljlwdf cfkm\gf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg cfkm\gf]
k]6]G6x¿ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 ls ;ls+b}g
eGg] ljifodf Wofg k'¥ofpg' xf];\ .
%= k]6]G6x?sf] sfof{Gjog
tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6 clwsf/x¿ lsg
sfof{Gjog ug'{ k5{ <
olb tkfO{n] s'g} gofF jf ;'wf/ ul/Psf] pTkfbg
ahf/df ptfg'{ eof] / To;n] ahf/df ;kmntf
k|fKt u¥of] eg], tkfO{sf] k|lt:kwL{x¿n] tkfO{sf]
pTkfbgsf] k|fljlws :j?kl;t x'ax' ldNg] jf
To:t} ldNbf]hN' bf] ;fdfg l9nf] jf rfF8f] pTkfbg
ug]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 . s]xL cj:yfdf k|lt:kwL{x¿n]
cfly{s ;DkGgtfsf] nfe, Jofks ahf/df kx'Fr
jf ;:tf] sRrf kbfy{df kx'rF ePsf] sf/0fn] x'ax'
jf ldNbf]hN' bf] ;fdfg ;:tf] d"Nodf pTkfbg ug{
;S5g\ . o;f] ePdf tkfO{sf] Jojf;fonfO{ 7"nf]
bafa kg{ ;S5 vf;u/L olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn]
gofF jf ;'wfl/Psf] pTkfbgsf] ;[hgfsf] nflu
cg';Gwfg / ljsf;df kof{Kt nufgL u/]sf] 5
eg] .
k]6]G6 clwsf/ sfof{Gjog u/fpg sf]
lhDd]jf/ 5 <
cltqmd0fsf/Lx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ltgLx¿ lj?4
sf/jfxL ug]{ bfloTj k]6]G6 wgL dfly /xG5 .
k]6]G6 wgLsf] x}l;otn] ahf/df k|of]u ePsf]
tkfO{sf] vf]hsf] cg'udg, cltqmd0fsf/Lx¿sf]
klxrfg / ltgLx¿sf] lj?4 slxn] / s;/L
sf/jfxL ug]{ eGg] ljifodf lg0f{o lng] clwsf/
tkfO{ dfly /xG5 . :jtGq vf]hstf{x¿ / SME
x¿n] of] bfloTj -jf o;sf] s]xL c+z_ Psflwsf/
k|fKt cg'dltkqwf/snfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ lg0f{o
klg ug{ ;Sb5g\ .
tkfO{sf] k]6]G6nfO{ / lgof{t ahf/df sfof{Gjo
u/fpgsf] nflu k]6G] 6;DaGwL sfd ug]{ jlsn;Fu
;Dks{ /fVg' ;'emfjof]Uo x'g5
] . To:tf jlsnx¿n]
tkfO{nfO{ To;df nfUg] vr{, hf]lvd / pQd
/0fgLltsf] af/] ;Nnfx lbg ;Sb5 .

k]6G] 6, wgLnfO{ k]6G] 6n] k|bfg u/]sf] Psflwsf/sf]

k|of]uåf/f k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ To:tf] ;fdfg pTkfbg
ug{ /f]s nufpg'sf] ;fy} cfkm\gf] clwsf/ cltqmd0f
ePsf] cj:yfdf Ifltk"lt{ ;d]tsf] bfaL ug{
;Sb5 . cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ k|dfl0ft
ug{sf] nflu To:tf] cltqmd0f Tof] pTkfbg jf
k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z ePsf] egL cfkm\gf] k|To]s bfaLdf
k'li6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . olb tkfO{sf] k]6]G6 ul/Psf]
vf]h s;}af6 gSsn ul/+b} 5 eGg] ljZjf; nfU5
eg] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k|lt:kwf{, ahf/sf] efj /
gfkmfnfO{ sfod /fVgsf] nflu cfk\mgf] clwsf/
sfof{Gjog ug'{ k5{ .

#(
 olb tkfO{sf] clVtof/L ljgf tkfO{sf] k]6]G6
cGo s;}af6 k|of]u ePsf] 5 eg]
tkfO{n] s] ug'{ k5{ <
olb tkfO{sf] clVtof/L lagf s;}n] tkfO{sf] k]6G] 6
cltqmd0f ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] tkfO{nfO{ ljZjf;
nfU5 eg] tkfO{n] klxnf] r/0fdf cltqmd0f ug]{
kIfx¿sf] af/] / ltgLx¿n] tkfO{sf] pTkfbg jf
k|lqmofnfO{ s;/L cltqmd0f ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg]
af/] ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{kg]{5 . To:tf
cltqmd0fsf/Lx¿ lj?4 s:tf] k|sl[ tsf] sf/jfxL
/ To:tf] sf/jfxL slxn] ug]{ eGg] lg0f{odf k'Ugsf]
nflu tkfO{n] k|fKt x'g ;Sg] hlt tYox¿ ;+sng
ug'{ k5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf k]6G] 6 ;DaGwL sfd ug]{
jlsnsf] ;xof]u lng' pko'Qm x'G5 . s]xL cj:yfdf,
cltqmd0f e]l6Pdf sDkgLx¿n] tyfslyt
cltqmd0fsf/LnfO{ kq k7fO{ tkfO{sf] clwsf/ /
c? sDkgLsf] Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkaLr pTkGg
x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt åGåsf] af/]df ;'lrt
ug'u{ b{5 . olb To:tf] cltqmd0f cGhfgdf ul/Psf]
/x]5 eg] of] k|lqmof k|efjsf/L x'g ;S5 . lsgls
o:tf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cltqmd0fsf/Ln] To:tf]
lqmofsnfk aGb ug{ jf cg'dltkq ;Demf}tfdf
hfg ;xdt x'G5 .
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
slxn]sflxF cltqmd0fsf/LnfO{ n'Sg jf k|df0f gi6
ug{ glbgsf] nflu crfgs sbd rfNg' klg
pko'Qm x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cltqmd0fsf/LnfO{
;"rgf glbOsg cbfnt k|j]z u/L cGtl/d
lgif]wf1fsf] dfu u/L p;sf] Joj;fo :yndf
k|x/Lsf] ;xof]u lnO{ 5fkf dfg'{ klg pko'Qm
x'G5 . cbfntn] To:tf tyfslyt
$)
cltqmd0fsf/Lx¿nfO{ d'2fsf] 6'u+ f] -s]xL dlxgf jf
jif{ klg nfUg ;S5_ gnfu];Dd cfkm\gf] sfd
:yug ug{ cfb]z lbg ;S5 . k]6]G6 cltqmd0f
eof] ls ePg eg] k|Zg Hofb} hl6n x'g ;S5
/ o;sf] lg0f{o d'2fsf] sf/jfxL / tYodf lge{/
/xG5 .
olb sDkgLn] b]jfgL k|lqmof kxn ug]{ lg0f{o u5{
eg] To; cj:yfdf ;fdfGotof cbfntn] kLl8t
/x]sf] k]6G] 6sf] wgLnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpgsf] nflu
Jofks ?kdf b]jfgL pkrf/x¿ pknAw
u/fpFb5 . k]6]G6sf] jlsnn] o;af/] hfgsf/L
pknAw u/fpg ;Sb5 .
k]6]G6 cltqmd0f ePsf ;fdfgx¿sf] cfoftnfO{
/f]Sgsf] nflu k]6G] 6 wgLnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldfdf
/fli6«o eG;f/ lgsfo dfkm{t ;xof]u k|fKt x'g
;S5 . w]/} b]zx¿n] gSsnL 6]«8dfs{ c+lst
;fdfg / rf]/L ul/Psf] k|ltlnlk clwsf/ c+lst
;fdfgx¿sf] cfoftnfO{ /f]Sgsf] nflu cfkm\gf]
cGt/f{li6«o bfloTj adf]lhd w]/} pkfox¿ pknAw
u/fpFb5g\ .
;fdfGo lgodfg';f/ olb tkfO{n] s'g} cltqmd0fsf]
klxrfg ug'{eof] eg] Joj;flos sfg"gL ;Nnfx
lng' pko'Qm x'g]5 .
k]6]G6 cltqmd0fnfO{ cbfnt aflx/ l5gf] kmfgf]
ug]{ tkfO{sf] ljsNkx¿ s]–s] x'g\ <
olb of] ljjfb s/f/ -h:t} cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tf_
l;t ul/Psf] s'g} sDkgL;Fu ePsf] 5 eg] ;j{ky| d
To:tf] s/f/df dWo:ytfsf] k|fjwfg 5 ls 5}g
eg]/ hfFr ug'x{ f];\ . nfdf] / vlr{nf] d'2f dfldnfaf6
aRgsf] nflu ljjfbx¿ pTkGg ePdf dWo:ytfdf k]6]G6 g+= GB2266045
l;kmfl/; ug]{ eGg] k|fjwfg s/f/df /fVg' pko'Qm kfgL lkpg] sk h;nfO{ Anywayup cup elgof],
x'G5 . olb s/f/df To:tf] k|fjwfg 5}g eg] jf !((@ df Dof08L x'j/Dofg (UK) åf/f cfljisf/
To:tf] s'g} s/f/ g} 5}g eg] klg olb kIfx¿ ul/of], kl5 Ps k|lt:kwL{n] lr:ofpg] sfo{df
;xdt ePdf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf j}slNks pkfo NofP .
h:t} dWo:ytf k|of]u ug{ ;Dej
x'g ;S5 .

dWo:ytf cbfntsf] cf}krfl/s k|lqmofeGbf sd

cf}krfl/s / 5f]6f] x'gs
' f] ;fy} o:tf] dWo:ytfn]
lbPsf] lg0f{o klg cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ;lhn}
sfof{Gjog x'G5 . dWo:ytfsf] Pp6f kmfObf s]
klg xf] eg] ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmofdf kIfx¿sf]
lgoGq0fdf x'G5 . o;n] c;n Jofj;flos
;DaGwnfO{ hf]ufO{ /fVb5 . h;n] ubf{ tkfO{sf]
sDkgLn] eljiodf s'g} k|lti7fgl;t ;xsfo{ ug{
rfx]df Tof] ;DaGwn] yk 6]jf lbG5 . ljkf] dWo:ytf
s]Gb|n] ljjfb ;dfwfgsf j}slNks ;]jfx? pknAw
u/fpFb5 . dWo:ytf af/] a9L hfgsf/L k|fKt
ug{sf] nflu wipo.int/center/index.html df
hfg'xf];\ .
;+lIfKt hfFr;"lr
· ;hu /xg' xf];\ M ;Dej eP;Dd cltqmd0f
klxrfg ug{sf] nflu k|lt:kwf{sf] cg'udg
ug'{xf];\ .
· ;Nnfx vf]Hg';\ M tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6
clwsf/ sfof{Gjog ug'{ cl3 k]6]G6;DaGwL
sfd ug]{ sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu k/fdz{
ug'{;\ . lsgls tkfO{sf] kIfaf6 x'g] s'g}
sfdn] d'2fsf] lg0f{odf c;/ kfb{5 .
· j}slNks ljjfb ;dfwfg M cbfnt
aflx/ ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ af/] ;f]Rg'xf];\ /
cg'dltkqsf] ;Demf}tfdf dWo:yfsf] k|fjwfg
;dfj]z ug'{xf];\ .

$!
 kl/lzi6f+s I - cfjZos j]e;fO6x?

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$@
kl/lzi6f+s II - OG6/g]6 7]ufgfx?
National and Regional Patent Offices

African Organization for Intellectual Property (OAPI) www.oapi.wipo.net

African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO) www.aripo.org
Algeria www.inapi.org
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Denmark www.dkpto.dk
Dominican Republic www.seic.gov.do/onapi
Egypt www.egypo.gov.eg
El Salvador www.cnr.gob.sv

$#
 Estonia wwwepa.ee
Eurasian Patent Office www.eapo.org
European Patent Office www.epo.org
Finland www.prh.fi
France www.inpi.fr
Georgia www.sakpatenti.org.ge
Germany www.dpma.de
Greece www.gge.gr
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Lao People's Democratic Republic www.stea.la.wipo.net
Latvia www.lrpv.lv
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

Lithuania www.vpb.lt
Luxembourg www.eco.public.lu
Malaysia www.mipc.gov.my
Mexico www.impi.gob.mx
Monaco www.european-patent-office.org/
patlib/country/monaco
Morocco www.ompicorg.ma
Netherlands www.bie.minez.nl
Nepal www.ip.np.wipo,net

$$
New Zealand www.iponz.govt.nz
Norway www.patentstyret.no
Panama www.mid.gob.pa/comintf.html
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Tunisia www.inorpi.ind.tn
Ukraine www.ukrpatent.org
United Kingdom www.patent.gov.uk
United States of America www.uspto.gov
Uruguay http://dnpi.gub.uy
Uzbekistan www.patent.uz
Venezuela www.sapi.gov.ve

Note:
For up-to-date information visit website at the following url: www.wipo.int/directQry/en/urls.jsp

$%
 kl/lzi6f+s III - lk=l;=6L
Contracting States of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
(1 January 2005)

Albania Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Algeria Denmark
Antigua and Barbuda Dominica
Armenia Ecuador
Australia Egypt
Austria Equatorial Guinea
Azerbaijan Estonia
Barbados Finland
Belarus France
Belgium Gabon
Belize Gambia
Benin Georgia
Bosnia and Herzegovina Germany
Botswana Ghana
Brazil Greece
Bulgaria Grenada
Burkina Faso Guinea
Cameroon Guinea-Bissau
Canada Hungary
Central African Republic Iceland
Chad India
w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /

China Indonesia
Colombia Ireland
Comoros (effective 3 April 2005) Israel
Congo Italy
Costa Rica Japan
Cote d'lvoire Kazakhstan
Croatia Kenya
Cuba Kyrgyzstan
Cyprus Latvia
Czech Republic Lesotho

$^
Liberia Senegal
Liechtenstein Serbia and Montenegro
Lithuania Seychelles
Luxembourg Sierra Leone
Madagascar Singapore
Malawi Slovakia
Mali Slovenia
Mauritania South Africa
Mexico Spain
Monaco Sri Lanka
Mongolia Sudan
Morocco Swaziland
Mozambique Sweden
Namibia Switzerland
Netherlands Syrian Arab Republic
New Zealand Tajikistan
Nicaragua The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Nigeria (effective 8 May 2005) Togo
Niger Trinidad and Tobago
Norway Tunisia
Oman Turkey
Papua New Guinea Turkmenistan
Philippines Uganda
Poland Ukraine
Portugal United Arab Emirates
Republic of Korea United Kingdom
Republic of Moldova United Republic of Tanzania
Romania United States of America
Russian Federation Uzbekistan
Saint Lucia Viet Nam
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Zambia
San Marino Zimbabwe

Note:
For more up-to-date information on Contracting States of the PCT, see: www.wipo.intlpct

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 w w w . w i p o . i n t / s m e /
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a9L ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L rflxPdfM
ljZj af}l4s ;DklQ ;+u7g (World Intellectual Property Organization)
34, Chemin des Colombettes
P.O. Box 18
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland

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Suite 2525 P.O. Box 18
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