Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) All of the following are characteristic of algae EXCEPT 1)

A) they may be unicellular or multicellular.
B) most are photoautotrophs.
C) they mostly live in aquatic habitats.
D) they are classified as plants.
E) some produce harmful toxins.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) Which of the following is the most effective control for malaria? 2)

A) eliminate Anopheles
B) vaccination
C) eliminate the intermediate host
D) treating patients
E) None of these is an effective control.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3) If a larva of Echinococcus granulosus is found in humans, humans are the 3)

A) infected host.
B) definitive host.
C) reservoir.
D) intermediate host.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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4) The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a 4)
A) cysticercus.
B) metacercaria.
C) proglottid.
D) redia.
E) cercaria.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5) Three weeks after a river rafting trip, three family members experienced symptoms of coughing, 5)
fever, and chest pain. During the rafting trip, the family had consumed crayfish that they caught
along the river banks. An examination of the patients’ sputum revealed helminth eggs, and serum
samples were positive for antibodies to Paragonimus. All of the family members recovered
following treatment with praziquantel. In the Paragonimus life cycle,
A) both humans and crayfish are intermediate hosts.
B) the source of the infection was the river water.
C) the crayfish are the definitive host and humans are the intermediate host.
D) both humans and crayfish are definitive hosts.
E) humans are the definitive host and crayfish are the intermediate host.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6) Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by 6)

A) genitourinary route.
B) vectors.
C) respiratory route.
D) gastrointestinal route.
E) aerosols.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 7) Ringworm is caused by a(n) 7)
A) fungus.
B) cestode.
C) trematode.
D) protozoan.
E) nematode.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

8) Which of the following statements about helminths is FALSE? 8)

A) All are parasites.
B) They are heterotrophic.
C) They have eukaryotic cells.
D) Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal.
E) They are multicellular animals.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 9)

A) systemic mycosis — fungal infection of body organs
B) coenocytic hyphae — hyphae with cross-walls
C) dermatomycosis — fungal infection of the skin
D) teleomorph — produces both sexual and asexual spores
E) dimorphic fungus — grows as a yeast or a mold
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10) Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human 10)
host?
A) fleas
B) lice
C) kissing bugs
D) mosquitoes
E) houseflies
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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11) Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE? 11)
A) Most fungi are pathogenic for humans.
B) Fungi tolerate low moisture conditions.
C) Most fungi grow well in acidic culture condition.
D) Fungi reproduce by forming asexual or sexual spores.
E) Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

12) Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all seventeen 12)
patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of
the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound.
Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to
ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. Fungi are more likely than bacteria to
contaminate bandages because they
A) can tolerate low-moisture conditions.
B) are aerobic.
C) have a fermentative metabolism.
D) cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure.
E) prefer a neutral environment (pH 7).
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13) In mid-December, a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and 13)
received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end
of January, the ulcer had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a
swab of the wound was cultured at 35°C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for
Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10 µm) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the
blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25°C showed septate hyphae and
single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a
A) protozoan.
B) gram-negative bacterium.
C) yeast.
D) parasitic alga.
E) dimorphic fungus.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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14) Which of the following statements is FALSE? 14)
A) Fungi produce sexual spores.
B) Fungi produce asexual spores.
C) Fungal spores are for asexual or sexual reproduction.
D) Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi.
E) Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 15)

A) Ascomycota — conidiospores
B) microsporidia — lack mitochondria
C) Basidiomycota — basidiospores
D) Zygomycota — sporangiospores
E) anamorphs — lack spores
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16) You observe a mass of amboeba-like cells that swarm together, form a stalk, and produce spores. 16)
This is a(n)
A) tapeworm.
B) Euglenozoa.
C) plasmodial slime mold.
D) ascomycete.
E) cellular slime mold.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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17) Assume you have isolated a multicellular heterotrophic organism that produces coenocytic hyphae, 17)
motile zoospores, and cellulose cell walls. It is most likely a(n)
A) oomycote alga.
B) green alga.
C) zygomycete fungus.
D) ascomycete fungus.
E) tapeworm.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18) In the malaria parasite life cycle 18)

A) humans are the intermediate host.
B) mosquitoes are the definitive host.
C) mosquitoes are the vector.
D) humans are the intermediate host and mosquitos are the definitive host.
E) humans are the intermediate host and mosquitoes are both the definitive host and the vector.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

19) Which of the following pairs are mismatched? 19)

1. arthroconidium formed by fragmentation
2. sporangiospore formed within hyphae
3. conidiospore formed in a chain
4. blastoconidium formed from a bud
5. chlamydoconidium formed in a sac
A) 2 and 5 B) 4 and 5 C) 2 and 3 D) 1 and 2 E) 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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20) You see acid-fast oocysts in a fecal sample from a patient who has diarrhea. What is the MOST 20)
likely cause?
A) Taenia
B) Cryptosporidium
C) diatoms
D) Entamoeba
E) Giardia
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

21) A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite? 21)

A) larva
B) miracidium
C) adult
D) cyst
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22) Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE? 22)

A) All are unicellular.
B) They use CO2 as their carbon source.
C) They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water.
D) They use light as their energy source.
E) Some are capable of sexual reproduction.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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23) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 23)
A) mosquito encephalitis
B) tick Rocky Mountain spotted fever
C) tick Lyme disease
D) mosquito Pneumocystis
E) mosquito malaria
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

24) The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because 24)
A) the large surface can absorb nutrients.
B) they have organelles.
C) they form spores.
D) they have a mouth to ingest nutrients.
E) they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

25) All of the following are characteristic of lichens EXCEPT 25)

A) they are arranged in foliose, fruticose, or crustose morphologies.
B) they are a major food source for tundra herbivores.
C) they are a symbiotic relationship of a fungus and a protozoan.
D) they serve as primary producers in rocky ecosystems.
E) they are used as indicators of air pollution.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Table 12.1

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore

26) In Table 12.1, which is a thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha? 26)
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 5
E) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

27) Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they 27)
A) lack nuclei.
B) do produce cysts.
C) lack mitochondria.
D) do not produce cysts.
E) are motile.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

28) In the microscope, you observe multinucleated amoeboid cells with sporangia that form spores. 28)
This is a(n)
A) tapeworm.
B) plasmodial slime mold.
C) cellular slime mold.
D) Euglenozoa.
E) ascomycete.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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29) Which of the following tends to be more complex in a parasitic helminth than in free-living 29)
helminths?
A) digestive system
B) nervous system
C) reproductive system
D) digestive and nervous systems
E) digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

30) Which of the following statements regarding lichens is FALSE? 30)

A) The fungal partner provides a means of attachment and protects the algal partner from
desiccation.
B) Lichens are often the first life form to colonize rock or soil.
C) Lichens are very tolerant to pollution.
D) The algal partner produces carbohydrates that are absorbed by the fungal partner.
E) Lichens represent a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

31) All of the following are characteristic of the Platyhelminthes EXCEPT that they 31)
A) are multicellular animals.
B) have highly developed digestive and nervous systems.
C) can be divided into flukes and tapeworms.
D) are hermaphroditic.
E) are dorsoventrally flattened.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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32) Which of the following organisms is photoautotrophic protozoan? 32)
A) cellular slime mold
B) oomycote
C) plasmodial slime mold
D) Euglena
E) Phytophthora
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

33) Which of the following statements about the oomycote algae is FALSE? 33)
A) They produce zoospores in a sporangium.
B) They form hyphae.
C) They cause plant diseases.
D) They have chlorophyll.
E) They reproduce sexually.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Table 12.1

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore

34) In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Rhizopus? 34)
A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 8 D) 6 and 7 E) 7 and 8
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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35) Which of the following groups of algae does NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans? 35)
A) red algae
B) dinoflagellates
C) green algae
D) diatoms
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these groups of algae produce compounds toxic to
humans.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Table 12.1

1-Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2-Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3-Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4-Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore

36) In Table 12.1, which of these spores are asexual spores? 36)
A) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7
B) 2, 3, 6, 8
C) 2, 4, 6, 7, 8
D) 1, 3, 5, 8
E) All of the spores are asexual.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

37) In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium? 37)
A) 4 and 6 B) 3 and 4 C) 1 and 2 D) 2 and 6 E) 1 and 4
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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38) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 38)
A) red algae agar
B) green algae prokaryotic
C) dinoflagellates paralytic shellfish poisoning
D) brown algae algin
E) diatoms petroleum
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

39) What do tapeworms eat? 39)

A) plant matter
B) intestinal bacteria
C) intestinal contents
D) host tissues
E) red blood cells
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

40) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 40)

A) cestodes — segmented body made of proglottids
B) nematodes — many are free-living
C) cestodes — all are free-living
D) trematodes — flukes
E) nematodes — complete digestive tract
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

41) Which of the following statements regarding protozoa is FALSE? 41)

A) Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes.
B) Protozoa are common in water and soil.
C) Nearly all protozoa cause disease.
D) Some protozoan pathogens are transmitted by arthropod vectors.
E) Most protozoa reproduce asexually.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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42) Yeast infections are caused by 42)
A) Histoplasma.
B) Candida albicans.
C) Penicillium.
D) Aspergillus.
E) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

43) Below are paired items referring to the heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Which of the pairs is 43)
mismatched?
A) mosquito vector
B) mosquito definitive host
C) dog definitive host
D) dog sexual reproduction
E) None of the pairs is mismatched.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

44) The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm. Which of the following is 44)
the most effective preventive measure?
A) salting fish before eating
B) wearing gloves while handling fish
C) not swimming in fish-infested waters
D) refrigerating stored fish
E) cooking fish before eating
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 45) Which of the following is a nucleated, unicellular organism that, if you changed the incubation 45)
temperature, would form filaments with conidiospores?
A) euglenozoa
B) plasmodial slime mold
C) cellular slime mold
D) ascomycete
E) tapeworm
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

46) The Platyhelminthes group includes roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. 46)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

47) Plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis are stages of the fungal sexual life cycle. 47)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

48) In helminth life cycles, the organism that harbors the sexually reproductive phase of the parasite is 48)
called the intermediate host.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

49) Some species of dinoflagellates produce neurotoxins that cause fish kills and red tides. 49)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

50) Arthropod vectors are blood-sucking animals such as ticks, lice, and fleas that transmit microbial 50)
pathogens.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

51) Both the cellular slime molds and the plasmodial slime molds are members of the phylum 51)
Amoebozoa.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

52) The insect vectors have six legs and include ticks, mosquitoes, and lice. 52)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

53) The sporozoite, merozoite, gametocyte, and ring stages are all part of the Plasmodium life cycle. 53)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

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 54) Cercariae, metacercaria, redia, and sporocysts are all life cycle stages of trematodes. 54)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

55) Most cases of hookworm infection are acquired by ingestion of eggs in contaminated food or water. 55)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

56) Explain how the presence of algae can indicate either pollution or productivity of a body of water.
Answer:

57) Provide an explanation for the complex life cycles exhibited by parasitic helminths. Cite specific examples in
your explanation.
Answer:

58) Contrast the economic benefits and the harmful effects of fungi.
Answer:

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Answer Key
Testname: C12

1) D
2) A
3) D
4) A
5) E
6) D
7) A
8) A
9) B
10) E
11) A
12) A
13) E
14) E
15) E
16) E
17) A
18) E
19) A
20) B
21) C
22) A
23) D
24) E
25) C
26) D
27) C
28) B
29) C
30) C
31) B
32) D
33) D
34) E
35) C
36) A
37) D
38) B
39) C
40) C
41) C
42) B
43) B
44) E
45) D
46) FALSE
47) TRUE
48) FALSE
49) TRUE
50) TRUE
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Answer Key
Testname: C12

51) TRUE
52) FALSE
53) TRUE
54) TRUE
55) FALSE
56)
57)
58)

18