Major

project work
INSTITUTE NAME: GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC HISAR
BRANCH NAME : TEXTILE DESIGN
SUBJECT NAME: BASICS OF GARMNET CONSTRUCTION
TOPIC NAME : CARING LABELS ON TEXTILES
CHAPTER NUMBER : FIVE (5)

Submitted By: Group No:5

160042500052- Vipin
160042517004- Deepak
160042517005- Khemchand
160042517007- Neeraj
160042517008-Nishant
160004251709-Sachin
160042517012-Udita
160042517013-Vikas Submitted to: Rekha Sharma
150042516018-Usha
Labels used on Textile Articles
Labeling on Textile articles, types, and standards
Symbols are written on labels, attached to textiles to indicate how a particular item should
best be cleaned. Textile and apparel labels can help you consider alternative choices and
make better buying decisions if you take time to read them. Permanent Care Labels (PCL)
use symbols to explain how to care for wearing apparel and home sewing fabrics, so
consumers need to learn the basic symbols.
TEXTILESAPPAREL

What is on a Textiles Label?

All textile products (any product with 80 per cent or more textile content) have to be labelled
with a range of information to inform the customer about the product’s care, safety, quality
standard, size, fibre content (including percentage) and where it came from (country of
origin).

With the increased demand for environmentally friendly products, textile items may also
have recycling labels, eco-labels, organic and fair trade labels.

 Eco-Label: Found on an environmentally friendly product, awarded because of content or

manufacturing system.
 Care Label: Label contains information on how to care for and maintain a product.
 Quality Label: Given to a product that has passed a standards test for the quality of the
item or the system by which it has been produced.
 Safety Label: Shows the product has passed safety testing standards.
 Recycled Product Label: A product that has been reused in some form.
 Organic Product Label: Products produced using natural fertilisers, pesticides, and
herbicides to protect the biodiversity of the environment and workers’ health.

Care Labelling

Care labels must be included so that a customer can care for the product correctly; if a
customer fails to follow instruction this can affect their consumer rights. For example, if
your machine washes a wool jumper and it shrinks in size but the label says handwash only
then it is unlikely you will get it replaced if you take it back to the shop.

Quality and Safety Labelling

Textile products are often tested for safety and quality so that consumer can be confident in
the product they are buying. These tests are carried out by either the British Standards
Institute (BSI Kitemark) or to achieve the European Safety Standard (CE Mark). These tests
not only test the quality of the product but also the manufacturing process: the manufacturer
pays for the test and if the product passes they can fix the quality label to their product.
Children’s products can undergo tests for safety, the Lion Mark for toy safety is a safety
label awarded after testing y the British Toy and Hobby Association.

Eco-Labelling

In today’s world, it is important that manufacturers and consumers are aware of

environmental effects on our planet, and the textile industry has to play its part. Consumers
are attracted by eco-labels as they feel that they are doing their part to reduce adverse effects
on the planet, and manufacturers are also under government pressure to conform to green
policies. Eco-labels can be awarded if a product uses an eco-friendly system to produce the
product or the product is made from recycled, sustainable, organic and natural dye sources.

Care Labels of Garments

Caring for garments in a proper way is so important that some regulations have been enacted
requiring garment manufacturers to provide information about how to care for the garment.
This information or care symbol must be attached to the garment and must be readable upon
purchase. Such symbols are written on care labels, attached to clothing to indicate how a
particular item should best be cleaned.
A Laundry care symbol is a standardized symbol which indicates best cleaning procedures to
be used for that particular combination of fabric, thread, decoration and construction
techniques representing a method of washing, bleaching, drying, ironing or dry-cleaning
process of a garment.

Repeated cleaning treatment and correct care process can assure cleaner and fresher clothes,
good appearance, longer life and most important, fit and quality of the garment. Damage to
garments from incorrect cleaning methods can lead to complaints and costly customer
return.

Qualifications of Good Care

Labels

At present various care labelling

systems are followed worldwide.
Whatever the system may be, it
should follow basic principles as
below.

 The care labels should not

be visible from outside and
should not be inconvenient to the wearer
 The symbols and letters on the labels shall be legible throughout the useful life of the
garment
 All the symbols used in the care labelling system should be placed directly on the
article or on a label which shall be affixed in a permanent manner to the article.
 Care labels should be made of a suitable material with resistance to the care treatment
indicated in the label at least equal to that of the article on which they are placed.
 The care instruction symbols are applied to the whole of the garment including
trimmings, zippers, linings buttons, embroidery or decorative embellishment.

Types of the care labelling system

At present, there is no universal garment care symbol system. The

ASTM symbols are accepted in NAFTA countries. ISO/GINETEX
symbols are accepted in most of Europe, Asia, Australia and Japan has
their own symbol system. Care labels are not mandatory in all countries.
Following systems have been established as either a governmental
regulation or an international standard.
 Laundering is a process intended to remove soil or stains by washing with an
aqueous detergent solution and possibly bleach and normally including subsequent
rinsing, extracting drying.
 Chlorine bleach is a process carried out in an aqueous medium, during or after
washing processes, requiring the use of chlorine-based bleaching agent for the
propose of removing stains and improving whiteness.
 Non-chlorine bleach that does not release the hypochlorite ion in solution, for
example, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, etc.
 Dry-cleaning is a process for cleaning textile articles by means of organic solvents
like petroleum, per-chloro-ethylene, and fluorocarbon. This process consists or
cleaning rinsing, spinning, and drying.
 Tumble drying is a process carried out on a textile article after washing, with the
intention of removing residual water by treatment with hot air in a rotating drum.
 Ironing is a method or pressing using a heated hand iron sometimes together with
moisture or steam, and gliding motion.
 Pressing Are a process or smoothing and shaping by heat and pressure, with or
without the presence of steam.
 Bleach a product for brightening and aiding the removal of soils and stains from
textile materials by oxidation that is inclusive of bother chlorine and non-chlorine
products.
 Cleaning agent a chemical compound or formulating of several compounds which
loosen, disperses, dissolves, or emulsifies soil to facilitate removal by mechanical
action.
 Professional Care Cleaning and maintenance procedures requiring the services of a
person specially trained or skilled in their use.
JAPAN
CARE LABEL REQUIREMENTS

The Japanese care labeling JIS L 0001:2014, effective since 1st December , 2016, is written on the basis of ISO care labeling code ISO 3758:2012 which
features five main treatments that shall appear in the order of washing, bleaching, drying, ironing and professional textile care. According to the
Household Goods Quality Labeling Act, a care label should be permanently attached to most household goods.

SYMBOL WASHING PROCESS SYMBOL NATURAL DRYING PROCESS

Maximum washing temperature 95 °C, Line drying
normal process washing in a washing machine
Maximum washing temperature 70 °C, Drip line drying
normal process washing in a washing machine
Maximum washing temperature 60 °C, Flat drying
normal process washing in a washing machine
Drip flat drying
Maximum washing temperature 60 °C,
mild process washing in a washing machine
Line drying in the shade
Maximum washing temperature 50 °C,
normal process washing in a washing machine
Drip line drying in the shade
Maximum washing temperature 50 °C,
mild process washing in a washing machine Flat drying in the shade
Maximum washing temperature 40 °C,
normal process washing in a washing machine Drip flat drying in the shade

Maximum washing temperature 40 °C, SYMBOL IRONING PROCESS

mild process washing in a washing machine

Maximum washing temperature 40 °C,

very mild process washing in a washing machine

Maximum washing temperature 30 °C,

normal process washing in a washing machine

Maximum washing temperature 30 °C,

mild process washing in a washing machine

Maximum washing temperature 30 °C, SYMBOL PROFESSIONAL TEXTILE CARE PROCESS

very mild process washing in a washing machine
Professional dry cleaning in tetrachloroethene and
Maximum washing temperature 40 °C, P all solvents listed for the symbol F
washing by hand Normal process
Professional dry cleaning in tetrachloroethene and
Do not wash P all solvents listed for the symbol F
Mild process
Professional dry cleaning in hydrocarbons
SYMBOL BLEACHING PROCESS
(distillation temperature between 150 °C and
210 °C, flash point equal to or higher than 38 °C)
Chlorine and oxygen/non-chlorine bleach allowed
Normal process
Professional dry cleaning in hydrocarbons
Only oxygen/non-chlorine bleach allowed (distillation temperature between 150 °C and
210 °C, flash point equal to or higher than 38 °C)
Do not bleach Mild process

Do not dry clean

SYMBOL TUMBLE DRYING PROCESS
Professional wet cleaning
Tumble drying possible Normal process
Normal temperature: exhaust temperature max. 80 °C Professional wet cleaning
Mild process
Tumble drying possible
Low temperature: exhaust temperature max. 60 °C Professional wet cleaning
Very mild process

Do not tumble dry Do not professional wet clean

UNITED STATES
CARE LABEL REQUIREMENTS
According to the Federal Trade Commission’s Care Label Rule, care
information shall be provided by care instructions, or care symbols
in the ASTM D5489-96c standard. Whether composed of words or
symbols, care instructions are to appear in the following order of use:
1. Machine Wash/Hand Wash
2. Washing Temperature (hot/warm/cold)
3. Washing Cycle (delicate/permanent press/normal)
4. Bleaching Instruction (do not bleach/only non-chlorine bleach). Not
required if both chlorine and non-chlorine bleach can be used.
5. Drying Instruction – (tumble dry/high/medium/low, line dry, flat dry,
drip dry)
6. Ironing (do not iron/cool iron/warm iron/hot iron). Ironing instructions
are not mandatory if the item is not expected to be ironed.
7. Warnings (wash separately, wash before wearing, etc.)
8. Dryclean (cycle/solvent)
9. Warn about what would harm the garment
In addition to the care label instructions, manufacturers and retailers
must provide labels that:
1. Remain permanently attached and legible for the useful life of the
product
2. Can be easily seen or found by the consumer at the point of sale.
If the product is packaged so that consumer cannot find the label,
care information must also appear on the outside of the package or
on a hang tag.

ASTM GUIDE TO CARE SYMBOLS

Machine Wash Cycles Water Temperatures

(Maximum) (200F) (160F) (140F) (120F) (105F) (65F-85F)
Warning symbols for laundering
Symbol(s) 95C 70C 60C 50C 40C 30C

Normal Permanent Press

Wash Do Not Do Not

Wash Bleach
Delicate/Gentle Hand Wash

Do Not Dry Do Not

(Used with Do Iron
Any Bleach Only Non-Chlorine Not Wash)

Bleach When Needed Bleach When Needed

Tumble Dry Cycles Additional Instructions

(in symbols or words)

Normal Permanent Press Delicate/Gentle Line Dry/

Dry Hang to Dry
Tumble Dry Heat Setting
Do Not Do Not
Wring Tumble Dry
Any Heat High Medium Low No Heat/ Drip Dry Dry Flat
Air

Iron-dry or Steam
In the Shade No Steam
(Added to Line (Added to Iron)
Dry, Drip Dry or
Dry Flat)
Maximum Temperature 200C (390F) 150C (300F) 110C (230F)
Iron High Medium Low

Dryclean - Normal Cycle Dryclean - Additional Instructions

A P F
Dryclean Any Any Solvent Except Petroleum Do Not Short Reduce Low No Steam
Solvent Trichloroethylene Solvent Only Dryclean Cycle Moisture Heat Finishing

Note: This figure illustrates the symbols to use for laundering and drycleaning instructions. As a minimum, laundering instructions should include,
in order, four symbols: washing, bleaching, drying and ironing; drycleaning instructions shall include one symbol. Additional words may be used to
clarify the instructions.
Different tables showing different countries labelling system.
Washing symbols used in the standards adopted by Australia, Canada,
China, Europe, Japan, USA, Tanzania and Korea

Bleaching symbols used in the standards adopted by Australia, Canada, China,

Europe, Japan, USA, Tanzania and Korea
Tumble drying symbols used in the standards adopted by Australia,
Canada, China, Europe, Japan, USA, Tanzania and Korea
Natural drying symbols used in the standards adopted by Australia,
Canada, China, Europe, Japan, USA, Tanzania and Korea
. Ironing symbols used in the standards adopted by Australia, Canada,
China, Europe, Japan, USA, Tanzania and Korea