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OVERVIEW

TEXT TYPE AND STRUCTURE GRAMMATICAL FEATURES


PURPOSE
 Orientation  Use of nouns and pronouns to
 Series of events identify people, animals or things
To retell a series of events sequenced in involved.
time  Use of action verbs to refer to
events.
 Use of past tense to locate events in
relation to speaker’s or writer’s time.
 Use of conjunctions and time
connectives to sequence events.
 Use of adverbs and adverbial
phrases to indicate place and time.
 Use of adjectives to describe nouns.
 Title  Use of roper nouns to refer to
 Preview people, places, times and events.
 Summary of  Use of personal pronouns (he, she,
Origins his).
 Background  Use of past tense and third person
Information unless autobiography.
To describe the life 
 List of Use of conjunctions and
experiences of a significant connectives to link time and events.
Achievements
subject.
 Evaluation  Use of complex sentences.
 Use of descriptive language.
 Use of quoted and reported speech.
 Use of action verbs, thinking and
mental verbs.
 Use of figurative language, similes
and metaphors.
 Orientation  Use of particular nouns to refer to or
 Complication describe the particular people,
 Evaluation animals and things that the story is
To entertain, amuse or  Resolution about.
instruct  Coda (optional)  Use of adjectives to build noun
groups to describe people, animals
or things in the story.
 Use of time connectives and
conjunctions to sequence events
through time.
 Use of adverbs and adverbial
phrases to locate the particular
incidents or events.
 Use of past tense action verbs to
indicate the actions in the narrative
 Use of saying and thinking verbs to
indicate what characters are feeling,
thinking or saying.
 Dialogue.

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TEXT TYPE AND STRUCTURE GRAMMATICAL FEATURES
PURPOSE
 Orienting  Use of particular nouns e.g. my
Sentence teacher, the Opera House.
 Series of  Use of a variety of adjectives.
To give a clear picture of a paragraphs to  Use of relating verbs to provide
person, place, animal or describe different information about the subject e.g.
thing. aspects of subject my mum is really cool.
– appearance,  Use of thinking and feeling verbs to
behaviours, express the writer’s personal view
breeding, etc about the subject.
 Concluding  Use of action verbs to describe the
Sentence. subject’s behaviour.
 Use of adverbials to provide more
information about this behaviour
e.g. always nips playfully at our
heels.
 Use of similes, metaphors and other
types of figurative language.
 Use of detailed noun groups to
provide information about the
subject e.g. a large open row boat.

 General  Use of general nouns e.g. hunting


statement or dogs rather than particular nouns
classification e.g. our dog.
To classify and/or describe  Description  Use of relating verbs to describe
features e.g. molecules are tiny
particles.
 Some use of action verbs when
describing behaviour e.g. Emus
cannot fly.
 Use of technical terms e.g. isobars
are lines drawn on a weather map.
 Use of paragraphs with topic
sentences to organise information.
 Related naming of the topics as the
beginning focus of the clause.
 Present tense.

 Phenomenon  General and abstract nouns e.g.


Identification earthquakes.
 Explanation  Action verbs.
To explain how or why Sequence  Simple present tense.
something occurs.  Concluding  Passive voice.
Statement  Conjunctions of time and cause.
 Noun groups e.g. the large cloud,
the particles of dust and gas.
 Abstract nouns e.g. the
temperature.
 Adverbial phrases.
 Complex sentences.

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 Technical Language.

TEXT TYPE AND STRUCTURE GRAMMATICAL FEATURES


PURPOSE
 Goal  Use of commands e.g. put, don’t
 Materials mix.
 Steps  Use of action verbs.
 Use of precise vocabulary e.g.
To instruct someone on whisk, lukewarm.
how to do something.  Use of adverbials to express details
of time, place, manner e.g. for five
minutes.

 Thesis  General nouns e.g. ears, zoos.


 Arguments  Abstract nouns e.g. policy,
 Reinforcement of government.
To persuade by arguing Thesis  Technical words e.g. species of
one side of an issue. animals.
 Relating verbs e.g. it is important.
 Action verbs.
 Thinking verbs e.g. many people
believe.
 Modal verbs e.g. we must.
 Modal adverbs e.g. Certainly we
must try.
 Connectives e.g. firstly, secondly.
 Evaluative language e.g. significant.
 Statement of the  Use of general nouns to make
issue statements about categories e.g.
 Series of uniforms.
To persuade by presenting paragraphs to  Use of relating verbs to provide
both sides to the issue and argue for the information about the issues e.g.
then taking a stance. issue smoking is harmful.
 A series of  Use of thinking verbs to express the
paragraphs to writer’s personal view e.g. feel.
argue against the  Use of detailed noun groups to
issue. provide information in a compact
 Summing up or way e.g. the dumping of unwanted
recommendation kittens.
 Use of varying degrees of modality
e.g. must, should, might.
 Use of adverbials of manner e.g.
deliberately.

 Name of  Use of abbreviations e.g. Nov,


Occasion R.S.V.P, Tues.
 Sender and  Action verbs e.g. invite, bring, reply.
To request the presence of recipient’s name  Prepositions to introduce time,
another at a particular  Details – date, place, event, etc.
event. time, venue,  Emphasis of key words.
reason,  Colons to indicate briefness of
requirements, etc information to follow.

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 R.S.V.P  Use of pronouns.
Information  Use of proper and common nouns.
 Visual text  Limited number of words used.
 Use of symbols, captions, etc.
TEXT TYPE AND STRUCTURE GRAMMATICAL FEATURES
PURPOSE
 Address  Use of abbreviations e.g. Mr, St,
 Date Nov.
 Opening Greeting  Use of words associated with letter
To organise or transfer  Information in writing e.g. Dear, Yours sincerely.
information. paragraphs  Use of proper nouns.
 Closing Greeting  Use of pronouns.
 Name of writer  Use of differing modality depending
and signature if upon purpose of letter e.g. to
formal request, to complain.
 Use of connectives and
conjunctions to organise
information.
 Tense dependent upon the purpose
of the letter e.g. past tense to
recount, present tense to argue.
 Context –  Relating verbs, action verbs, saying
synopsis of plot verbs, thinking verbs, noun groups
 Statement of describing characters.
To critique or respond to theme  Present tense – changes to past
literary text.  Analysis of tense if text has a historical setting.
characters  Temporal sequence of events only
 Comment on when key events are summarised.
language devices  Persuasive language used in
used judgement.
 Evaluative  Clause or sentence themes that are
statement often the title of the book, name of
author, etc. these choices clearly
locate the reader in a response text.

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