2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies – iCoMET 2018

Very small form factor with Ultra Wide Band

Rectangular Patch Antenna for 5G
Applications
Wahaj Abbas Awan
Department of Electrical Engineering
Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal
wahajabbasawan@gmail.com

Abstract— A rectangular patch antenna resonating transmission losses. V band spectrum (40–75 GHz)
at the frequency of 73GHz is presented in this paper. The and W-Band spectrum (75–110 GHz) shows better
antenna is designed on RO4730G3 substrate which is results and economical advantage over other mm-
newly introduced by Rogers Company for higher wave bands. Large typical link distance and regulatory
frequencies antenna. The experiment shows that antenna
protection of E-Band (71-76 GHz, 81-86GHz and 92-
cover ultra-wide impedance bandwidth of 35.41GHz
ranges from 50.86GHz to 86.27GHz for S11<-10dB, 95 GHz) make these frequencies potential candidate
which cover majority portion of V-Band, E-Band and W- for 5G communication system [6].
Band. The results also state that the antenna has a good
peak gain of the 6.73dB and very small form factor of In V band, E band and W band spectrum, wireless
0.8mm x 0.9mm. systems are able to use larger allocated spectrum as
compared to 6-40 GHz allocated spectrum. Thus V-
Keywords--73GHz; Very small factor; Ultra-wideband; Band, E-Band and W-Band can provide significant
Rectangular patch antenna; V-Band; E-Band; W-Band cost advantages over 6–40 GHz millimetre-wave
wireless systems, which provide multi Gigabits
scaling capacity, without any other cost or additional
I. INTRODUCTION equipment.
The proposed microstrip rectangular patch antenna
Due to advancement in latest technologies i.e.
is presented in this paper, which is the suitable
Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV),
candidate for these applications. Presented Design is
mobile communication and others, there is a huge
very easy to fabricate moreover its small size makes
increase in demand of high-speed data transfer with
him a good candidate for small cellular devices as
low latency rate. The result of this demand is
well. Simulated results show that the proposed antenna
countered by 5G networks, which provides data
is capable of meeting the bandwidth from 50.86GHz
transfer rate of Giga Bytes per second using millimetre
to 86.27GHz keeping in reference of S11<-10dB. A
waves. Millimeter wave ranges from 30GHz to
comparison between presented work and work done in
300GHz [1] has attracted increasing attention from all
past is presented at the end of the paper.
fields including wireless communication networks [2],
passive millimetre wave imaging, automotive radar
systems [3] and Biomedical Applications. Many
researchers are finding a solution for the propagation
of these millimetre waves, on the other hand, many
others are looking for high gain, larger bandwidth and
small-sized antenna for the 5G applications.
Experimental results show that attenuation of
atmospheric absorption at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is
comparatively small @200 meters, while frequencies
of 70 to 100 GHz and 125GHz to 140GHz also show
small attenuation as shown in Fig. 1. Although 28GHz
and 38GHz are the strong candidate frequencies for
5G as the technologies need larger bandwidth, the
researchers are moving toward new large bandwidth
Fig. 1. Effects of atmospheric absorption upon mm-wave
frequency spectrums to fulfil demand and reduce the frequencies in dB/km. Modified picture as of in [4].

978-1-5386-1370-2/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

 II. Antenna Configuration and design
A. Antenna Configuration
The antenna is designed on newly introduced
substrate RO4730G3, although the substrate is
designed for 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE)
systems it also shows very good results in
millimetre wave range, having height
H=0.78mm, permittivity Er=2.98 and loss
tangent of 0.0022. The ground size of the
proposed antenna is 2 mm x 2 mm. Given results
are taken and analyzed using Ansoft HFSS V15
software. The dimensions are taken
using Balanis’ book entitled ‘Antenna Theory:
Analysis and Design’ [5], the dimensions are
optimized to have better results. Various
dimensions of the simulated antenna design are
listed in Table I.
B. Antenna Design
Although microstrip patch antenna technique
is very old and it can be traced in 1930[5]. This
technique is still very useful and provides better
results at a higher frequency. Fig. 2. Show the
design of proposed antenna and Fig. 3. Show
corresponding simulated S11-parameters. The
proposed antenna has an ultra-small factor of 0.8
mm x 0.9mm as illustrated in Table I. Although
the size of the antenna is small it still covers the
frequency band for V and E Band work band.
The important part of this design is substrate
RO4730G3 which provide better gain, smaller
size and wider bandwidth as compared to FR-4
epoxy substrate Rogers R03003 and RO4350B
which is firstly used to the designed antenna. The
small size of the ground is achieved via testing
the first test is done on 5mm x 5mm which not
III. Antenna Results
A. Impedance Performance
The S-parameters of the proposed antenna was
shown in Fig. 3. With reference to S11<-10dB
proposed antenna results show that wide
bandwidth of 35.41GHz (50.86GHz-86.27GHz)
is achieved with peak results of 57.23dB at
73GHz. The impedance of the proposed antenna
is 100 ohm, either we have to use the 100-ohm
connector (rarely present in the market) or we
have to design some integral network to match
the impedance with common available
connectors of 50 ohm, antenna dimension may
need optimization. Due to the presence of
tolerance and effects of the connector, there may
be a difference between the results of the
simulated antenna and the fabricated antenna.
Fig. 5. Shows a voltage standing wave ratio for
the above-simulated antenna. It achieves good
value around 35.41GHz Bandwidth with respect
to VSWR (2:1).
Fig. 2. Top View of proposed antenna resonating at 73 GHz
0.00
Curve Info
dB(S(1,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep

show much better results than the size of the -10.00

m1 m3

ground are optimized and the accurate and better

results are achieved with 2mm x 2mm size, -20.00
Name X Y

having substrate height of 0.78mm. To improve m1

m2
50.8660 -10.0000
73.1000 -57.2370
d B ( S ( 1 ,1 ) )

the Return loss parameters different test are done

m3 86.2787 -10.0000
-30.00

but the best results are taken by proposed shape.

-40.00

TABLE I. Parameters of proposed design

Parameters Value Parameters Value -50.00

(mm) (mm) m2

Lg 2 Wg 2 -60.00

Lp 0.8 Wp 0.9 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00

Freq [GHz]
75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00

X 0.2 H 0.78
Fig. 3. Return Loss of the proposed patch antenna
B. Radiation Performance
6.50

The 2D and 3D simulated radiation pattern of 6.00

the simulated antenna at 73GHz is shown in Fig.

4. (a) and (b) respectively. The antenna shows 5.50

good radiation pattern with boresight gain of 6.73 5.00

d B (G a i n T o ta l)
dB. 4.50

In addition, the peak gains vs. Frequencies 4.00

graph of the simulated antenna is depicted in Fig. 3.50

6. The overall results show good peak gains,

which are above 3.1dB in the whole operating 3.00
50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00
Freq [GHz]
75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00

band. Hence due to a good gain in the whole

Fig. 6. Gain vs. Frequency plot of proposed patch antenna
working band the proposed antenna is a good
candidate for 5G, V-Band and E-Band
IV.Conclusion
applications.
In this paper, a very small factor with ultra-
wideband rectangular patch antenna for 73 GHz
is presented with simulated results. A good gain
of 6.73dB is achieved. The antenna results show
that the ultra-wideband impedance of 35.41GHz
(from 50.86GHz to 85.27GHz) which is 45.5% of
the central frequency. Good radiation patterns
and stable gain make this antenna strong
candidate to operate in wide range of V and E
Band.
Fig. 4. (a) 3D radiation pattern of proposed antenna at 73 GHZ
The antenna is designed on new substrate
RO4730G3, having a small ground size of 2 mm
* 2 mm and simple structure which made his
fabrication easy and hence made this antenna
good choice for advanced small cellular devices
as well. With the best of author knowledge, he is
the very first designer which use RO4730G3
substrate for antenna design at this frequency. A
brief comparison of presented work with other
work done on E-Band antenna is given in Table
II.
Fig. 4. (b) 2D radiation pattern of proposed antenna at 73 GHz

2.40
TABLE II. COMPARISON WITH E-BAND ANTENNA
2.20

Paper Size No. of Central Bandwidth Peak

2.00 mm2 Element Frequency Range Gain
(GHz) (GHz) (dB)
1.80
[7] 23.87 x 128 83.1 80.96 – 86 14
V S W R (1 )

1.60
28.94
[8] 34 x 14 16 83 80 – 88.5 18.5
1.40
[9] 8 x8 4 73 69.5 – 75 7.49
1.20
This 2x2 Single 73 50.86-86.27 6.73
Work
1.00
50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.0
Freq [GHz]

Fig. 5. VSWR value of proposed patch antenna

 Acknowledgment

The author would like to thank Department of

Electrical Engineering, Comsats Institute of
Information Technology Sahiwal for providing
HFSS and also like to thanks, Dr Syed Aftab
Naqvi (CIIT, Sahiwal) and Engr. Niamat Hussain
(CNU, Korea) for their help and time.

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