Index
Aggregate index 125
Approximation and rounding 59, 70
Averages 99
Bar chart 10
comparative 13
dual 13
sectional/composite 16
sectional percentage 18
Bivariate data 218
correlation 218
scatter diagrams 219, 225
Box-and-whisker diagrams 145
Boxplots, see box-and-whisker diagrams
Census 39
Central tendency, measures of 99
for derived distributions 174
features of 116
for grouped data 106
for ungrouped data 99
Centred moving averages 235
Class interval 58
Class measures 58, 70
Class mid-value 58
Closed questions 41
Combined events 192
dependent events and conditional
probability 200
independent events 192
Combining sets of data 118
Comparative bar charts 13
Comparative pie charts 25
Complement of the union 187
Conditional probability, dependent
events and 200
Continuous data 69, 73
approximation and rounding 70
class measures 70
cumulative frequency diagrams 92
histograms and frequency polygons 74, 82
Continuous variables 56
Correlation 218
Cost of living index 123
Crude rates 128
Cumulative frequency diagrams 92, 151
quartiles, deciles and percentiles 151
Cumulative frequency distributions 68
Cumulative frequency table, linear interpolation
from 159
Data 2
pictorial representation of 8
summary and display of 2
Data collection 39
conducting a survey 40
sample, types of 44
surveys 39
Deciles 151
Dependent events and conditional probability 200
Dependent variable 220
Derived distributions
measures of central tendency for 174
measures of dispersion for 177
Deviations 241
Discrete random variable 211
Discrete variables 55
Dispersion, measures of 138
for combined sets of data 170
cumulative frequency diagrams 151
for derived distributions 177
features of 166
interquartile range 140
linear interpolation from cumulative
frequency table 159
range 139
standard deviation and variance 164
Dual bar chart 13
277
Index

Equally likely outcomes 33 Linear transformation of data 174

Even-pointed moving averages 235 derived distributions 174, 177
Events 32 scaling 180
Exhaustive outcomes 34 Line graphs 22
Expectation 35, 208, 211, 212 Line of best fit, on scatter diagram 219, 221
fair games and expected winnings 214
probability distributions 211 Mean 99
Expected winnings, fair games and 214 calculating an estimate of 106
Experiments, events and outcomes 32 Mean seasonal variation 241
Extrapolation 220 Median 101
cumulative frequency diagram, estimation
Fair game 214 from 109
and expected winnings 214 Mode/modal class 101, 107
Frequency distributions 5, 58 Moving averages 235
Frequency polygons 77, 84 centred 235
Mutually exclusive events 185
Grouped data 54 Venn diagrams 187
continuous data 69, 73
continuous variables 56 Open questions 41
discrete variables 55 Outcomes
grouped discrete data 58 equally likely 33
qualitative variables 55 exhaustive 34
quantitative variables 55 experiments, events and 32
Grouped discrete data 58
approximation and rounding 59 Percentiles 151
class measures 58 Pictograms 9
cumulative frequency distributions 66 Pictorial representation of data 8
frequency distributions 58 bar charts 10
stem-and-leaf diagrams comparative bar charts 13
(stemplots) 63 comparative pie charts 25
dual bar chart 13
Histograms and frequency polygons line graphs 22
for equal class intervals 74 pictograms 9
for unequal class intervals 82 pie charts 24
sectional/composite bar charts 16
Independent events 192 sectional percentage bar charts 18
Independent variable 220 Venn diagrams 28
Index numbers 120 Pie charts 24
price relatives 121 comparative 25
simple combined 123 Price relatives 121
weighted aggregate 125 Probability 32
Interpolation 220 equally likely outcomes 33
Interquartile range 141, 166 exhaustive outcomes 34
box-and-whisker diagrams 145 experiments, events and outcomes 32
for grouped data 144 random selections 33
stem-and-leaf diagrams 144 trials and expectation 35
for ungrouped data 141 Probability and expectation 185
Intersection of the sets 187 combined events 192
expectation 208
Linear interpolation from cumulative mutually exclusive events 185
frequency table 159 Probability distributions 211

278
 Index

Qualitative variables 55 questionnaires 41

Quantitative variables 55 sample surveys 40
Quartiles 151 Systematic samples 45
Questionnaires 41
Quota samples 47 Tables
two-way 2, 193, 201
Random samples, simple 44 Time series 229
Random selections 33 centred moving averages 235
Range 139, 166 graph 22
Raw data 2 mean seasonal variation 241
Rounding, approximation and 70 seasonal components
seasonal variation 233
Sample 39, 44 trend line and moving averages 233
bias in 47 variation and trend 229
error 40 Tree diagrams 194, 195, 201
frame 40 Trend 229
quota 47 Trend line 233
simple random 44 Trials 35
stratified random 46 Two-way tables 193, 201
surveys 39
systematic 45
Ungrouped data 2
Scaling 180
Union of the sets 187
standard scores 181
Universal set 187
Scatter diagram 219, 225
independent and dependent variables 220
interpolation and extrapolation 220 Variable 54
line of best fit on 221 continuous 56
Scatter graph, see scatter diagram discrete 55
Seasonal components expectation of 211
Seasonal variation 233 qualitative 55
mean 241 quantitative 55
Sectional/composite bar charts 16 Variance 164
Sectional percentage bar charts 18 Variation 229
Selections, random 33 seasonal 233
Simple combined index numbers 123 Venn diagrams 28, 187
Stake 214 Vertical line graph 22
Standard deviation 164, 167
Standardised rates 131 Weighted aggregate index numbers 125
Stem-and-leaf diagrams 63, 144 Weighted averages 119
Stratified random samples 46 combining sets of data 118
Surveys 39 crude rates 128
census 39 index numbers 123
conducting 40 standardised rates 128
open and closed questions 41 Winnings 214

279