TUGAS PRAKTIKUM

B.INGGRIS

Sports Shoes

Nama : Jasmin Nadira (17030037)

Grup : 2 G2
Jurusan : Produksi Garmen
Dosen : Nina W., S.S., M.Hum.
Asisten Eric H., S. Pd., M.Hum.

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI TEKSTIL

BANDUNG
2019
OUTLINE

1. MIND MAPING
2. INTRODUCTION
3. BODY
3.1. CLIMBING SHOES
 DESCRIPTION
 MATERIALS
 HISTORY
 HEALTH BENEFIT
3.2. ROLLER SKATE SHOES
 DESCRIPTION
 MATERIALS
 HISTORY
 HEALTH BENEFIT
3.3. BALLET SHOES
 DESCRIPTION
 MATERIALS
 HISTORY
4. CONCLUSION
1. MIND MAPING

Description

Matterials

Climbing shoes

History

Health Benefits

Description

Matterials

Roller Skates Shoes

History

Health Benefits

Description

Ballet Shoe Matterials

History
2. INTRODUCTION

USE THE RIGHT SHOES FOR TO BE COMFORTABLE

Athletic footwear has become ubiquitous since the mid-1950s, and it

is easy to forget that sport shoes were initially designed for a specific
purpose—for functionality, comfort, and to maximize athletic performance.
As diverse as traditional footwear itself, athletic shoes fall into the following
categories: running/training/walking, court sports, field sports, winter sports,
outdoor sports, track and field, and specialty shoes (i.e. gymnastics, weight
lifting, water, etc.).

Shoe development dates back 10,000 years, stemming from the need
for protection from rough terrain. Egyptians used sandals for ball games as
far back as 2050 b.c.e. Ancient Roman spiked military shoes called "caliga"
were used as weapons against opponents. Greek athletes in the ancient
Olympics preferred running barefoot before adopting sandals in the eighth
century b.c.e.
3. BODY

3.1. Climbing Shoes

Description

Matterials
Climbing
shoes
History

Health Benefits

A climbing shoe is a specialized type of footwear designed for rock climbing.

Typical climbing shoes have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth,
sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand. Unsuited to walking and
hiking, climbing shoes are typically donned at the base of a climb.
Modern climbing shoes use carefully crafted multi-piece patterns to conform
very closely to the wearer's feet. Leather is the most common upper
material, with other materials such as fabric and synthetic leather also
employed. The climbing rubberused for soles was developed specifically for
rock-climbing.
Climbing shoes manufactured with a downward pointing toe box increase
the ability to stand on small holds and pockets at the expense of both
comfort and the ability to smear.
Approach shoes are hybrids between light-weight hiking shoes and climbing
shoes offering some of the qualities of each.

Climbing shoes fit very closely to support the foot and allow the climber to
use small footholds effectively. Most climbers forgo socks in order to achieve
a more precise fit. As a result of their tightness, most climbing shoes,
particularly the more aggressive or technical styles, are uncomfortable when
properly fitted.

Early rock climbers used heavy-soled mountaineering boots studded with

metal cleats and hobnails. An advance on this for dry rock, were boots
with Vibram soles, with a pattern of rubber studs developed by Vitale
Bramani in Italy in the 1930s. In postwar Britain, a new generation of
climbers like Joe Brown began to climb harder routes
wearing plimsolls (rubber-soled canvas sneakers), sometimes with woolen
socks over them to improve grip. Pierre Allain was an enthusiastic French
rock climber who experimented with hard composite rubber-soled canvas
boots; by the late 1950s his "PA" boots were being used by climbers
worldwide. Fellow French climber Edmond Bourdonneau later introduced
"EB" boots in 1950 after purchasing Pierre's company, which had softer
rubber soles and became very popular in the 1960 and 1970s. In 1982 Boreal,
the Spanish company located in Villena, produced the "Firé" style of shoe
with a revolutionary sticky rubber sole.

Desciption

The first, I want to tell you about the climbing shoes. Climbing shoes are
designed for have a good constructions. They are made in such a way, as to
be strong and resistant to all situation. Climbing shoes are usually made very
fit to be comfortable when used. To make the shoes not slippery, they put
rubber soles on the bottom of the shoe.

Materials
 As time goes by, climbing shoes development having a good quality. With
using leather and synthetic material on the top to make it stronger. And the
rubber soles at the bottom to makes the shoe not slippery.
Climbing shoes are made slightly curved on the front and very elastic to
easily grip rocks when climbing.
History

Long time ago, the bottom of climbing shoes are made from metal iron with
very sharply. As time goes by, the bottom of the shoe was replaced by using
the rubber soles to climb the rock. So as not slippery. After a while, a new
invention using a canvas on the top and a rubber sole at the bottom. Then
the company was bought by someone and replaced again with a more soft
rubber on the soles.

Health Benefits

Health benefits when using climbing shoes is the leg are not tense, and the
structure of the shoe makes the feet easier to move and not easily scratched

3.2. Roller Skates Shoes

 Description

Matterials
Roller Skates
Shoes
History

Health Benefits

Roller skates are shoes, or bindings that fit onto shoes, that are worn to
enable the wearer to roll along on wheels. The first roller skate was
effectively an ice skate with wheels replacing the blade. Later the "quad"
style of roller skate became more popular consisting of four wheels arranged
in the same configuration as a typical car.
While the first reported use of roller skates was on a London stage in 1743,
the first patented roller skate was introduced in 1760 by Belgian
inventor John Joseph Merlin. His roller skate wasn't much more than an ice
skate with wheels where the blade goes, a style we would call inline today.
They were hard to steer and hard to stop because they didn't have brakes
and, as such, were not very popular. The initial "test piloting" of the first
prototype of the skate was in the city of Huy, which had a party with Merlin
playing the violin.

In the 1840s, Meyerbeer's Opera, Le prophète featured a scene in which

performers used roller-skates to simulate ice-skating on a frozen lake set on
stage. The result was to popularize roller skating throughout the Continent.
As ice skaters subsequently developed the art of figure skating, roller skaters
wanted the ability to turn in their skates in a similar fashion.

In 1863, James Plimpton from Massachusetts invented the "rocking" skate

and used a four-wheel configuration for stability, and independent axles that
turned by pressing to one side of the skate or the other when the skater
wants to create an edge. This was a vast improvement on the Merlin design
that was easier to use and drove the huge popularity of roller skating,
dubbed "rinkomania" in the 1860s and 1870s, which spread to Europe and
around the world, and continued through the 1930s. The Plimpton skate is
still used today.

Eventually, roller skating evolved from just a pastime to a

competitive sport; speed skating, racing on skates, and inline figure skating,
very similar to what you see in the Olympics on ice. In the mid 1990s roller
hockey, played with a ball rather than a puck, became so popular that it even
made an appearance in the Olympics in 1992. The National Sporting Goods
Association statistics showed, from a 1999 study, that 2.5 million people
played roller hockey. Roller Skating was considered for the 2012 Summer
Olympics[4] but has never become an Olympic event. Other roller skating
sports include jam skating and roller derby. Roller skating popularity
exploded during the disco era but tapered off in the 80s and 90s.

The Roller Skating Rink Operators Association was developed in the U.S in
1937. It is currently named the Roller Skating Association. The association
promotes roller skating and offers classes to the public, aiming to educate
the population about roller skating. The current president is Bobby Pender.
The Roller Skating Association headquarters is located in Indianapolis.

Health Benefits:
 Providing a complete aerobic workout
 Burning 330 calories per hour while skating 6 miles per hour (9.7 km/h)
for a 143-pound person or 600 calories while skating 10 miles per hour
(16 km/h).
 A study from the University of Massachusetts found that in-line skating
causes less than 50% of the impact shock to joints compared to running.
 Roller skating is equivalent to jogging in terms of health benefits
 The American Heart Association recommends roller skating as an aerobic
fitness sport
Description

Roller skates are shoes that are fit with the wheels at the bottom so that
users shoes can glide easily. The first roller skates is ski boots with the blade
at the bottom of shoe, which are then turned into wheels.

History

First roller skates is ski shoes that are added to the wheels on the bottom
blade of the shoe. This type of shoe is not too much used because of they are
easily moved and don't have brakes.

Then, the user of roller skates at opera shows is used to make players like
playing ski on a frozen lake. And at that time, four-wheeled shoes became
popular.

Then, roller skates are not just a hobby or made as a venue for musicals. But
roller skates also became one of the popular sports and had many branches.
there is fast racing, gliding, and more.
 Matterials

These roller skates are made of strong material. In the shoe section using
polyurethane as a mixture of rubber and plastic that is useful to resist
friction. Then carbon fiber kevlar. Furthermore, it is the material for making
brake components. Aluminum, carbon fiber, and titanium as wheel frames.
And finally is foam as a cushion in the foot.

3.3. Ballet Shoe

Description
Ballet Shoe Matterials
History
A pointe shoe is a type of shoe worn by ballet dancers when performing
pointe work. Pointe shoes were conceived in response to the desire for
dancers to appear weightless and sylph-like and have evolved to enable
dancers to dance en pointe (on the tips of their toes) for extended periods of
time. They are manufactured in a variety of colors, most commonly in shades
of light pink.
History

Women began to dance ballet in 1681, twenty years after King Louis XIV of
France ordered the founding of the Académie Royale de Danse. At that time,
the standard women's ballet shoe had heels. Mid-18th century dancer Marie
Camargo of the Paris Opéra Ballet was the first to wear a non-heeled shoe,
enabling her to perform leaps that would have been difficult, if not
impossible, in the more conventional shoes of the age. After the French
Revolution, heels were completely eliminated from standard ballet shoes.
These flat-bottomed predecessors of the modern pointe shoe were secured
to the feet by ribbons and incorporated pleats under the toes to enable
dancers to leap, execute turns, and fully extend their feet.
The first dancers to rise up on their toes did so with the help of an invention
by Charles Didelot in 1795. His "flying machine" lifted dancers upward,
allowing them to stand on their toes before leaving the ground. This
lightness and ethereal quality was well received by audiences and, as a
result, choreographers began to look for ways to incorporate more pointe
work into their pieces.
As dance progressed into the 19th century, the emphasis on technical skill
increased, as did the desire to dance en pointe without the aid of wires.
When Marie Taglioni first danced La Sylphide en pointe, her shoes were
nothing more than modified satin slippers; the soles were made of leather
and the sides and toes were darned to help the shoes hold their shapes.
Because the shoes of this period offered no support, dancers would pad their
toes for comfort and rely on the strength of their feet and ankles for support.
The next substantially different form of pointe shoe appeared in Italy in the
late 19th century. Dancers like Pierina Legnani wore shoes with a sturdy, flat
platform at the front end of the shoe, rather than the more sharply pointed
toe of earlier models. These shoes also included a box—made of layers of
fabric—for containing the toes, and a stiffer, stronger sole. They were
constructed without nails and the soles were only stiffened at the toes,
making them nearly silent.
The birth of the modern pointe shoe is often attributed to the early 20th-
century Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova, who was one of the most famous
and influential dancers of her time. Pavlova had particularly high, arched
insteps, which left her vulnerable to injury when dancing en pointe. She also
had slender, tapered feet, which resulted in excessive pressure on her big
toes. To compensate for this, she inserted toughened leather soles into her
shoes for extra support and flattened and hardened the toe area to form a
box.
Constructions

Every dancer has unique feet, with variations that include toe length and
shape, arch flexibility, and mechanical strength. Consequently, most pointe
shoe manufacturers produce more than one model of shoe, with each model
offering a different fit, as well as custom fitted shoes. Regardless of the
manufacturer or model, however, all pointe shoes share two
important structural features that enable dancers to dance on the tips of
their toes:

 A box within the front end of the shoe that encases and supports the
dancer's toes.
 A shank, which is a piece of rigid material that serves to stiffen the sole
so as to provide support for the arch of the en pointe foot.
The exterior of a pointe shoe is covered with fabric, thus concealing the box
and other internal structural elements and lending an aesthetically pleasing
look to the shoe. Most pointe shoes are covered with satin, but some are
available with canvas exteriors. Pointe shoes are most often available in light
pink colors and less commonly in black and white. When other colors are
desired (e.g., to match a costume), pointe shoes may be dyed or, if available,
ordered in custom colors.
The vamp refers to the shoe's upper piece, measured from the platform to
the drawstring; normally, longer toes call for a longer vamp. The throat is the
edge of the vamp above the arch of the foot; it is usually either v-shaped or
round, which tend to suit feet with higher or lower arches, respectively.
The drawstring is located within the binding on the throat; this may be made
from either elastic or lace.

Description

This shoes are made for ballet dancers to makes their dance easily. The front
of the shoe is designed for make dancer can stand on their toes for a long
time.

History

So initially ballet shoes had heels. But that is makes difficult ballet dancers to
jump. Some time later ballet shoes are developed into shoe don't had heels,
which it makes easier for dancers to jump. some time later ballet shoes are
 constantly updated on the front of the shoe. By adding soles on the front so
when dancing they not slip easily and does not easily hurt the dancer's toes.

Structure and Matterials

Generally ballet shoes designed for dancers is easy to move. But everyone
has a different legs structure. So for a ballet dancers, they usually buy sizes
and shapes according to themselves. But there is an important thing that
must have been in ballet shoes. In front of the shoe should have a box soles
and the calf binder section for makes shoe fit.

4. CONCLUSION

Choose shoes that are comfortable to use. Comfortable shoes besides

good to wear will certainly create a stylish look on the wearer. Uncomfortable
shoes will make us feel uncomfortable move and cause an unpleasant look.
Nowdays, there are so many models of comfortable shoes such as sneakers,
flatshoes and slip on.