Going down the group II Metal Hydroxides the solubility increases.

Mg Hydroxide
is barely insoluble in water. Ca OH is Slightly Soluble, Sr is somewhat soluble and
Ba Is Soluble.
Okay, for this scenario, the two concepts that play a key role are the lattice
enthalpy and the hydration enthalpy. Lattice enthalpy is the energy released when
one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent gaseous ions under
standard conditions. Lattice enthalpy is dependent on the length of the ionic bond
between the cation and the anion in the compound. If we look at Coulomb's law,
we find that the attractive force between two bodies with different charges is
inversely proportional to the square of the distance apart between their centres of
mass, i.e. F∝1/r2F∝1/r2. A shorter bond would require more heat energy to be
broken. Therefore, the shorter the bond, the higher the lattice enthalpy.
Hydration enthalpy is the energy released when one mole of gaseous ions is
completely hydrated by water molecules under standard conditions. If two ions of
different sizes were surrounded by an equal number of water molecules each, the
smaller ion would be more hydrated compared to the larger one due to the size
differential. Therefore, the smaller the ion, the higher the hydration enthalpy.
Let's deal with OH first. While progressing down Group 2, the size of the cation
increases since the number of shells increases to accommodate to the extra
electrons. Due to this, the distance between the centres of mass of the cation and
the anion increases and by definition, the lattice enthalpy decreases. The hydration
enthalpy also decreases since the size of the cation increases. However, due to the
square factor, the lattice enthalpy decreases faster than the hydration enthalpy. This
is why the solubility of Group 2 hydroxides increases while progressing down the
group.

Sulphates
Now let's look at SO4. The same thing applies to the cation while progressing
down the group. However, the SO4 ion is shaped in such a way that the change in
the distance between the centres of mass of the ions is far less significant compared
to that in the case of Group 2 compounds containing OHions. Therefore, the lattice
enthalpy decreases much slower when progressing down the group compared to
the case of Group 2 OH compounds. Again, the hydration enthalpy decreases the
same way as it does in the case of Group 2 cations bonded to OH⁻ ions. Since the
hydration enthalpy decreases faster than the lattice enthalpy in the case of Group 2
sulphates, the solubility of Group 2 sulphates decreases while progressing down
the group.

The solubility of the Group 2 carbonates decreases from magnesium

carbonate to strontium carbonate and increases from strontium carbonate to
barium carbonate. The size of the carbonate ions, CO 3 2- ions is larger than the
size of the metal cations. Going down Group 2, the size of the metal cation
increases, resulting in the decreasing difference in size between metal cations and
carbonate ions. Moreover, the increasing in size of the molecules and ions leads
to the decreasing in attraction of the water molecules. Therefore, the
solubility of the Group 2 carbonates decreases down the group. The solubility of
the Group 2 sulphates decreases down the group. The size of the sulphate
ion is larger compared to the Group 2 cations. As the size of the Group 2
cations increases down the group, the difference between the size of the metal
cations and the size of the SO 4 2- ions decreases. Less attractions are
formed with water molecules. Hence, the solubility decreases down the
group. The solubility of the Group 2 chromates decreases down the group as
well. The size of the chromate ions are larger than that of the metal cations.
The size of the metal cations increases down the group, and the difference in
sizes between the cations and chromate ions decreases. Attractions between
the molecules and water molecules also become less, and hence solubility of
the salts decreases down the group.