De jure

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Not to be confused with Du jour.
Look up de jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
In law and government, de jure (/de? 'd???ri, di-/; Latin: de iure, "in law"; Latin
pronunciation: [de? ju?re]) describes practices that are legally recognised,
regardless whether the practice exists in reality.[1] In contrast, de facto ("in
fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised.
[2] The terms are often used to contrast different scenarios: for a colloquial
example, "I know that, de jure, this is supposed to be a parking lot, but now that
the flood has left four feet of water here, it's a de facto swimming pool".[3] To
further explain, even if the signs around the flooded parking lot say "Parking Lot"
(the signs effectively being the "law" determining what it is) it is "in fact" a
swimming pool (with the water, the current practical circumstances, determining
what it is).

Examples
It is possible to have multiple simultaneous conflicting (de jure) legalities,
possibly none of which is in force (de facto). After seizing power in 1526, Ahmad
ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi made his brother, Umar Din, the lawful (de jure) Sultan of
Adal. Ahmad, however, was in practice (de facto) the actual Sultan, and his brother
was a figurehead.[4] Between 1805 and 1914, the ruling dynasty of Egypt ruled as de
jure viceroys of the Ottoman Empire, but acted as de facto independent rulers who
maintained a polite fiction of Ottoman suzerainty. However, from about 1882, the
rulers had only de jure rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British puppet
state. Thus, Egypt was by Ottoman law de jure a province of the Ottoman Empire, but
de facto was part of the British Empire.[5]

In U.S. law, particularly after Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the difference
between de facto segregation (segregation that existed because of the voluntary
associations and neighborhoods) and de jure segregation (segregation that existed
because of local laws that mandated the segregation) became important distinctions
for court-mandated remedial purposes.[6]

See also
Law portal
List of Latin phrases (D)
Implied repeal
Obrogation � Obrogation vs. abrogation
References
"de jure". Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, LLC. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
"Definition of 'de facto' adjective from the Oxford Advanced Learner's
Dictionary". OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 11
July 2016.
"Legal English: "De Facture/De Jure"". @WashULaw. Washington University School of
Law. 28 December 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
"A?mad Gra� - Somalian Muslim leader". Encyclop�dia Britannica, Inc.
Britannica.com. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
Mak, Lanver (2012-03-15). The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882-
1922. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781848857094.
James Anderson; Dara N. Byrne (29 April 2004). The Unfinished Agenda of Brown V.
Board of Education. Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. pp. 55�. ISBN 978-0-471-
64926-7.

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