1. Find the angle in mils subtended by a line 10 yards long at a distance of 5000 yards.

Solution:
𝜃 5
𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
2 5000
𝜃 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2 1000
𝜃 = 2(0.0573°) = 0.1146
6400 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑠
𝜃 = 0.1146 ( ) = 𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒔
360

2. Assuming that the earth is sphere whose radius is 6400 km. Find the distance along a 3 degree
arc at the equator of the earth’s surface.
Solution:
𝐶 = 𝑟𝜃
Where: C = length of the arc
r = radius of the circle
𝜃 = included angle in radians
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐶 = 6400 [3° 𝑥 ]
360°
𝐶 = 𝟑𝟑𝟓. 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒎

3. The angle subtended by an arc is 24°. If the radius of the circle is 45 cm, find the length of arc.
Solution:
𝐶 = 𝑟𝜃
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐶 = 45 𝑥 [24° 𝑥 ] = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝒄𝒎
360°

4. A rat fell on a bucket of a water wheel with diameter of 600 cm which travelled an angle of 190°
before it dropped from the bucket. Calculate for the linear cm that the rat was carried by the
bucket before it fell.
Solution:
𝐶 = 𝑟𝜃
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐶 = 300 𝑥 [190° 𝑥 ] = 𝟗𝟗𝟓 𝒄𝒎
360°

5. Given the circle whose diameter AB equals 2 m. If two points C and D lie on the circle and angles
ABC and BAD are 18° and 36°, respectively, find the length of the major arc CD.
Solution:
 Note: 1. For the same intercepted arc (arc CD). The value of the central angle is twice that of
the inscribed angle.
2. If one side of the triangle inscribed in a circle is equal to the diameter of the circle,
then the said triangle is a right triangle.

Solution:

Solving for 𝜃:

18 + θ + 36 = 90

𝜃 = 36°
2𝜃 = 72°
Let: C= length of arc CD

C= r(2 θ)
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐶 = 1 𝑥 [72° 𝑥 ] = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔 𝒎
360°

6. A certain angle has as supplement 5 times its complement. What is the angle?

Solution:

Let: 𝜃 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒

90° − 𝜃 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝜃

180° − 𝜃 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝜃

180° − 𝜃 = 5(90 − 𝜃)
180° − 𝜃 = 450 − 5𝜃
4 𝜃 = 270

𝜃 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟓°

7. What is the value of each angle of a regular dodecagon?

Solution:
(𝑛 − 2)(180°)
𝜃=
𝑛
Note: A dodecagon has12 sides, thus n = 12
(12 − 2)(180°)
𝜃= = 𝟏𝟓𝟎°
12

8. How many sides has a polygon if the sum of the interior angles is 1080°?
Solution:
 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 = (𝑛 − 2)(180°)
1080° = (𝑛 − 2)(180°)
𝑛−2 = 6
𝑛 = 𝟖 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔

9. The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is 540°. Find the number of sides.
Solution:
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 = (𝑛 − 2)(180°)
540° = (𝑛 − 2)(180°)
𝑛−2 = 3
𝑛 = 𝟓 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔

10. Find the sum of the interior angles of the vertices of a five pointed star inscribed in a circle.
Solution:

360°
2𝜃 = = 72°
5
𝜃 = 36°
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 5 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 5𝜃
= 5(36°) = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°

11. How many sides are in a polygon if each interior angle is 165 degrees.
Solution:
(𝑛 − 2)(180°)
𝜃=
𝑛
(𝑛 − 2)(180°)
165° =
𝑛
165𝑛 = 180𝑛 − 360
15𝑛 = 360
𝑛 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔

12. How many diagonals are there in a polygon of 20 sides?

Solution:
Let: N= number of diagonals
𝑛
𝑁 = (𝑛 − 3)
2
20
𝑁= (20 − 3) = 𝟏𝟕𝟎 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒔
2
13. Find each interior angle of a hexagon.
Solution:
(𝑛 − 2)(180°)
𝜃=
𝑛
Note: A hexagon has 6 sides, thus n = 6.
(6 − 2)(180°)
𝜃= = 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
6

14. Given a triangle, C = 100°, A = 15 m, B = 20 m. Find C.

Solution:

By cosine law:
𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 = √(15)2 + (20)2 − 2(15)(20)𝑐𝑜𝑠100°
c = 27m

15. In triangle ABC, angle A = 45° and C = 70°. The side opposite angle C is 40 m long. What is the
length of the side opposite angle A?
Solution:

By sine law:
sin 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
=
𝑎 𝑐
sin 𝐴
𝑎 = 𝑐[ ]
sin 𝐶
sin 45°
𝑎 = 40 [ ] = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟏𝒎
sin 70°

16. In triangle ABC, angle C = 70°, A= 45°, AB = 40 m. What is the length of the median drawn from
vertex A to side BC?
Solution:
 By sine law:
sin 𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
=
𝑐 𝑎
sin 70° 𝑠𝑖𝑛45
=
40 𝑎

a= 30;
𝑎
= 15𝑚
2
𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 180°
45° + 𝐵 + 70° = 180°
𝐵 = 65°
By cosine law:
𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑥 = √𝑐 2 + ( ) − 2(𝑐) ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = √(40)2 + (15)2 − 2(40)(15)𝑐𝑜𝑠65° = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟑 𝒎
2 2

17. From a point outside of an equilateral triangle, the distances to the vertices are 10 m, 18 m and
10 m, respectively. What is the length of one side of a triangle?
Solution:

By sine law:
sin 30 sin(60 + 𝛽)
=
10 18

18𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
60 + 𝛽 = sin−1
10
𝛽 = 4.158°
 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 30° + 60° = 180°
𝛼 + 4.158° + 30° + 60° = 180°
𝛼 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟒𝟐°

18. The sides of a triangle are 8 cm, 10 cm and 14 cm. Determine the radius of the inscribed circle.
Solution:

𝐴 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 8 + 10 + 14
𝑠= = = 16
2 2

𝐴 = √16(16 − 8)(16 − 10)(16 − 14) = 39.19 𝑐𝑚2

𝐴 = 𝑟𝑠
39.19 = 𝑟(16)
𝑟 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓 𝒄𝒎

19. What is the radius of the circle circumscribing an isosceles right triangle having an area of 162
sq. cm.?
Solution:

Note: Since an isosceles right triangle, “a” must be equal to “b” and the diameter of the
circumscribing circle must be equal to the hypotenuse “c” of the inscribed right triangle.
1 1 1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 (𝑎)(𝑎) = 𝑎2
2 2 2
1 2
162 = 𝑎
2
𝑎 = 18

Using Phytagorean theorem:

𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √(18)2 + (18)2 = 25.445 𝑐𝑚
𝑐 = 2𝑟
𝒓 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟑 𝒄𝒎
20. The sides of a triangle are 8 cm, 10 cm and 14 cm. Determine the radius of the circumscribing
circle.
Solution:

𝐴 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 8 + 10 + 14
𝑠= = = 16
2 2

𝐴 = √16(16 − 8)(16 − 10)(16 − 14) = 39.19 𝑐𝑚2

𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐴=
4𝑟
8(10)(14)
39.19 =
4𝑟
𝑟 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟒 𝒄𝒎

21. Two sides of a triangle are 50 m and 60 m long. The angle included between these sides is 30°.
What is the interior angle opposite the longest side?
Solution:

By cosine law:
𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 = √(50)2 + (60)2 − 2(50)(60)𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 30.06𝑚
By sine law:
By sine law:
sin 𝐵 sin 30°
=
60 30.06
−1
60𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
𝐵 = sin = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟑𝟖°
30.06

22. A circle with radius 6 cm has half its area removed by cutting off a border of uniform width. Find
the width of the border.
SOLUTION:
 Note: Since half of the area was removed, then the area (A) left is also one- half of the total area.

1 1
𝐴 = [𝜋(𝑅)2 ] = [𝜋(6)2 ] = 18𝜋
2 2
But “A” is also equal to the area of the small circle. (Refer to the figure)

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑟 = 4.24 𝑐𝑚
𝑥 =𝑅−𝑟
𝑥 = 6 − 4.24 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟔 𝒄𝒎

23. The area of a circle is 89.42 sq. inches. What is its circumference?
Solution:

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2

89.42 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑟 = 5.335 𝑖𝑛
Let: C = circumference of the circle

C =2𝜋𝑟 = (2𝜋)(5.335) = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 𝒊𝒏

24. A square section ABCD has one of its sides equal to x. Point E is inside the square forming an
equilateral triangle BEC having one side equal in length to the side of the square. Find the angle
AED.
Solution:
 Note: Since equilateral triangle,
∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐶𝐸 = ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸 = 60°
∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 + ∠𝐸𝐶𝐷 = 90°
60° + ∠𝐸𝐶𝐷 = 90°
∠𝐸𝐶𝐷 = 30°
∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 + ∠𝐸𝐷𝐶 + ∠𝐸𝐶𝐷 = 180°
Since isosceles triangle, ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 = ∠𝐶𝐷𝐸
2∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 + 30° = 180°
180° − 30°
∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 = = 75°
2
By symmetry, ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝐸𝐴
b = 10cm
∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 + ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 + ∠𝐵𝐸𝐴 + 𝜃 = 360°
60° + 75° + 75° + 𝜃 = 360°
𝜃 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎°

25. The area of a circle circumscribing about an equilateral triangle is 254.47 sq. m. What is the area
of the triangle in sq. m?
Solution:

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2

254.47 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑟 = 9𝑚
Note: Since and equilateral triangle,
∠𝐴 = ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶 = 60°
360°
𝜃= = 120°
3
By cosine law:
𝑥 = √𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 − 2𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = √92 + 92 − 2(9)(9)𝑐𝑜𝑠120° = 15.59𝑚
 1 1
𝐴= (𝑥)(𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = (15.59)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛60° = 𝟏𝟎𝟓. 𝟐𝟒𝒎𝟐
2 2

26. What is the area in sq. cm of the circle circumscribed about an equilateral triangle with a side 10
cm long?
Solution:

Note: Since an equilateral triangle,

∠𝐴 = ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶 = 60°

1 1
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 102 𝑠𝑖𝑛60° = 43.3𝑐𝑚2
2 2
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐴=
4𝑟
(10)(10)(10)
43.3 =
4𝑟
𝑟 = 5.774 𝑐𝑚

Solving for the area of circle:

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋(5.774)2 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟕𝒄𝒎𝟐

27. The area of a triangle inscribed in a circle is 39.19 sq. cm and the radius of the circumscribed circle
is 7.14 cm. If the two sides of the inscribed triangle are 8 cm and 10 cm, respectively, find the third
side.
Solution:

𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐴=
4𝑟
8(10)𝑐
39.19 =
4(7.14)
𝑐 = 𝟏𝟒𝒄𝒎
28. The area of a triangle is 8346 sq. m and two of its interior angles are 37°25’ and 56°17’. What is
the length of the longest side?
Solution:

𝐴 = 37°25′ = 37.416°
𝐵 = 56°17′ = 56.283°
𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 180°
37.416° + 56.283° + 𝐶 = 180°
𝐶 = 86.301°
By sine law:

𝑠𝑖𝑛86.301° 𝑠𝑖𝑛37.416
=
𝑐 𝑎
𝑠𝑖𝑛37.416
𝑎=𝑐
𝑠𝑖𝑛80.301
𝑎 = 0.609𝑐
1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
2
1
8346 = (0.609𝑐)(𝑐)(𝑠𝑖𝑛56.283)
2
16692 = 0.5065 𝑐 2
𝑐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟓𝒎

29. The angle of a sector is 30° and the radius is 15 cm. What is the area of the sector in sq. cm?
Solution:

1
𝐴 = 𝑟2𝜃
2
 Where: A= area of the sector
r= radius of the circle
𝜃= included angle in radians
1 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐴 = (15)2 [30°𝑥 ] = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟗𝒄𝒎𝟐
2 360°

30. Two perpendicular chords both 5 cm from the center of a circle divide the circle into four parts.
If the radius of the circle is 13 cm, find the area of the smallest part.
Solution:

5
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝=
13
∝= 22.62°
2 ∝ +𝜃 = 90°
2(22.62) + 𝜃 = 90°
𝜃 = 44.76°
Let: A=area of the shaded part
As= area of sector ABC
AT= area of triangle CDB

1 2 1 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑟 𝜃 = (13)2 [44.76° 𝑥 ] = 66𝑐𝑚2
2 2 360°

By Phythagorean theorem:

132 = 52 + (𝑦 + 5)2
144 = (𝑦 + 5)2
12 = 𝑦 + 5
𝑦=7
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 − 2𝐴 𝑇
1
𝐴 = 66 − 2 [ (7)(5)] = 𝟑𝟏𝒄𝒎𝟐
2
31. The distance between the centers of the three circles which are mutually tangent to each other
externally are 10, 12, and 14 units. What is the area of the largest circle?
Solution:

𝑟1 + 𝑟𝟐 = 12 (eq 1)
𝑟2 + 𝑟3 = 10 (eq 2)
𝑟1 + 𝑟3 = 14 (eq 3)
Subtract eq 3 by eq 2:
(𝑟1 + 𝑟3 ) − (𝑟2 + 𝑟3 ) = 14 − 10
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 4 (eq 4)
Add eq 4 and eq 1:
(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ) + (𝑟1 + 𝑟𝟐) = 4 + 12
2𝑟1 = 16
𝑟1 = 8
𝑟2 = 12 − 8 = 4
𝑟3 = 10 − 4 = 6
Let: A= area of the largest circle
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟1 2 = 𝜋(8)2 = 𝟔𝟒𝝅

32. The arc of a sector is 9 units and its radius is 3 units. What is the area of the sector in square units?
Solution:

1
𝐴 = 𝑟𝐶
2
Where: r= radius of the circle
C= length of arc
1
𝐴 = (3)(9) = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
2

33. A swimming pool is constructed in the shape of two partially overlapping identical circles. Each of
the circles has a radius of 9 m and each circle passes through the center of the other. Find the
area of the swimming pool.
Solution:
 4.5
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
9
𝜃 = 60°
Let: A=area of the pool
As= area of sector
AT= area of triangle ABC
AT= area of the segment (shaded portion)
1
𝐴𝐺 = 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑟 2 sin(2𝜃)
2
1 2
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 1
𝐴𝐺 = (9) [120° 𝑥 ] − (9)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛120° = 49.75𝑚2
2 360° 2
𝐴 = 2𝐴𝐶 − 2𝐴𝐺
𝐴 = 2𝜋(9)2 − 2(49.75) = 𝟒𝟎𝟗. 𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝟐

34. Find the difference of the area of the square inscribe in a semi-circle having a radius of 15. The
base of the square lies on the diameter of the semi-circle.
Solution:

𝑥𝟐
𝑟 𝟐 = 𝑥 𝟐 +2
𝑟 2 = 1.25𝑥 2 (eq1)
Substitute 𝑟 = 14 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞1
1.25𝑥 2 = 152
𝑥 2 = 180
Let: A= difference of A1 and A2
A1= area of the semi- circle
A2= area of the square
𝐴 = 𝐴1 − 𝐴2
1 2
𝜋𝑟 − 𝑥 2
2
1
𝐴 = 𝜋(15)2 − 180 = 𝟏𝟕𝟑. 𝟒𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐
2
35. A rectangle ABCD which measures 18 cm. by 24 cm. is folded once, perpendicular to diagonal AC,
so that the opposite vertices A and C coincide. Find the length of the fold.
Solution:

1
𝐴 = 𝜋(15)2 − 180 = 173.43 𝑐𝑚2
2
𝑑 = √182 + 242 = 30𝑐𝑚

𝑥 2 = 182 + (24 − 𝑥)2

𝑥 2 = 324 + 576 − 48𝑥 + 𝑥 2
𝑥 = 18.75 𝑐𝑚
𝑑
𝑥 2 = ( )2 + 𝑦 2
2
(18,75)2 = (15)2 + 𝑦 2
𝑦 = 11.25
Length of fold= 2y
Length of fold= 2(11.25) = 22.5cm

36. A trapezoid has an area of 36 sq. m and an altitude of 2 m. Its two bases have the ratio of 4:5.
What are the lengths of the bases?
Solution:

1
𝐴 = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ (eq1)
𝑎 4 4
𝑏
= 5
;𝑎 = 5
(eq2)

Substitute eq2 in eq1:

1 4
36 = ( 𝑏 + 𝑏) (2)
2 5
9
36 = 𝑏
5
𝑏 = 20
4 4(20)
𝑎= 𝑏= = 𝟏𝟔
5 5

37. A rhombus has diagonals of 32 and 20 inches. Determine its area

 Solution:

1
𝐴 = 𝑑1 𝑑2
2
1
𝐴 = (32)(20) = 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝒊𝒏𝟐
2

38. If the sides of a parallelogram and an included angle are 6, 10 and 100°, respectively, find the
length of the shorter diagonal.
Solution:

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = (𝑛 − 2)(180°) = (4 − 2)(180°) = 360°

2𝜃 + 2(100°) = 360°
𝜃 = 80°
By cosine law:
𝑑2 = 62 + 102 − 2(6)(10)𝑐𝑜𝑠80°
𝑑2 = 115.162
𝑑 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟑

39. Find the area of a quadrilateral having sides AB = 10 cm, BC = 5 cm, CD = 14.14 cm and DA = 15
cm, if the sum of the opposite angles is equal to 225°.
Solution:

𝐴 = √(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)(𝑠 − 𝑑) − 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 5 + 14.14 + 15 + 10
𝑠= = = 22.07
2 2
𝐴 + 𝐶 225°
𝜃= = = 112.5°
2 2
Substitute:
 𝐴 = √(22.07 − 5)(22.07 − 14.14)(22.07 − 15)(22.07 − 10) − 5(14.14)(15)(10)𝑐𝑜𝑠112.5°

𝐴 = √(17.07)(7.93)(7.07)(12.07) − (1553.066) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟐

40. Determine the area of the quadrilateral shown, OB = 80 cm, AO = 120 cm, OD = 150 cm and ϕ =
25°
Solution:

By secant law:
𝐴𝑂 ∙ 𝐵𝑂 = 𝐶𝑂 ∙ 𝐷𝑂
120 ∙ 80 = 𝐶𝑂 ∙ 150
𝑂𝐶 = 64 𝑐𝑚

Let: A= area of the quadrilateral

A1= area of triangle AOD
A2= area of triangle BOC
1 1
𝐴 = 𝐴1 − 𝐴2 = (𝐴𝑂)(𝐷𝑂)𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ − (𝐵𝑂)(𝐶𝑂)𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
2 2
1 1 1 1
= (120)(150)𝑠𝑖𝑛25° − (𝐵𝑂)(𝐶𝑂)𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ = (120)(150)𝑠𝑖𝑛25° − (80)(64)𝑠𝑖𝑛25°
2 2 2 2

𝐴 = 𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝒄𝒎𝟐

41. A quadrilateral has sides 12 m, 20 m, 8 m and 16.97 m. If the sum of the opposite angles is equal
to 225°, find the area of the quadrilateral.
Solution:

𝐴 = √(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)(𝑠 − 𝑑) − 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 12 + 20 + 8 + 16.97
𝑠= = = 28.485
2 2
𝐴 + 𝐶 225°
𝜃= = = 112.5°
2 2
Substitute:
𝐴 = √(28.485 − 12)(28.485 − 20)(28.485 − 8)(28.485 − 16.975) − 12(20)(8)(16.97)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 112.5°

𝐴 = √(16.485)(8.485)(20.485)(11.515) − 4771.582 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝒎𝟐

42. The area of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle of radius 1 is?

Solution:

Let: A= area of the hexagon

AT= area of the triangle
𝐴 = 6𝐴 𝑇
1
𝐴 = 6 ( ) 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2
360°
𝜃= = 60°
6
Substitute:
1
𝐴 = 6 ( ) (1)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛60° = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟗𝟖
2

43. Find the area (in sq. cm) of a regular octagon inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm?
Solution:

𝐴 = 8𝐴 𝑇
1
𝐴 = 8 ( ) 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2
360°
𝜃= = 45°
8
Substitute:
1
𝐴 = 8 ( ) (10)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛45° = 𝟐𝟖𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐
2
44. A regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle whose diameter is 20 m. Find the area of the 6 segments
of the circle formed by the sides of the hexagon.
Solution:

Let: AH= area of the hexagon

AT= area of the triangle
AC= area of the circle
A= area of the 6 segments of the circle

𝐴𝐻 = 6𝐴 𝑇
1
𝐴 = 6 ( ) 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2
360°
𝜃= = 60°
6
Substitute:
1
𝐴 = 6 ( ) (10)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛60° = 𝟐𝟓𝟗. 𝟖
2
𝐴 = 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐴𝐻
𝐴 = 𝜋(10)2 − 259.8 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟔𝒎𝟐

45. The area of a circle is 89.42 sq. inches. What is the length of the side of a regular hexagon inscribed
in a circle?
Solution:

360°
𝜃= = 60°
6
2
𝐴𝐶 = 𝜋𝑟
89.42 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑟 = 5.335 𝑖𝑛
By cosine law:
𝑥 = √𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 − 2(𝑟)(𝑟)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = √2(5.335)2 − 2(5.335)2 𝑐𝑜𝑠60° = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟓 𝒊𝒏
46. In a circle of diameter of 10 m, a regular five-pointed star touching its circumference is inscribed.
What is the area of that part not covered by the star?
Solution:

Let: A= area not covered by the star

As= area of the star
Ac= area of the circle
360°
2𝜃 =
5
𝜃 = 36°
𝜃
= 18°
2
𝜃
𝜃 + + 𝛼 = 180°
2
𝛼 = 126°
By sine law:
𝑠𝑖𝑛18° 𝑠𝑖𝑛126°
=
𝑥 5
𝑥 = 1.91𝑚
1 1
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑐 − 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜋𝑟 2 − 10 ( ) (5)(𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝜋(5)2 − 10 ( ) (5)(1.91)𝑠𝑖𝑛36° = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟓𝒎𝟐
2 2

47. A regular pentagon has sides of 20 cm. An inner pentagon with sides of 10 cm is inside and
concentric to the large pentagon. Determine the area inside and concentric to the larger pentagon
but outside of the smaller pentagon.
Solution:
 𝑏/2 𝑏
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = =
ℎ 2ℎ
𝑏
ℎ=
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
Ap= area of an “n” sided polygon
1 𝑛 𝑏 𝑛𝑏 2
𝐴𝑝 = 𝑛 [ 𝑏ℎ] = 𝑏 [ ]= (𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎)
2 2 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
360
𝜃=
2𝑛
Where: n= number of sides
B=length of each side
Note:
360
𝜃= = 36°, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛
2(5)
Let: A1= area of the inner pentagon
A2= area of the outer pentagon
A= area of the shaded portion
A= A2-A1
5(20)2 5(10)2
𝐴= − = 𝟓𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟒𝒄𝒎𝟐
4𝑡𝑎𝑛36 4𝑡𝑎𝑛36

48. Determine the area of a regular 6-star polygon if the inner regular hexagon has 10 cm sides.
Solution:

𝑛𝑏 2 360
𝐴1 = ;𝜃= = 30°
4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 2(6)
(6)(10)2
𝐴1 = = 259.8𝑐𝑚2
4𝑡𝑎𝑛30°
5
𝑡𝑎𝑛30 =
ℎ
ℎ = 8.66 𝑐𝑚
1 1
𝐴2 = 𝑏ℎ = (10)(8.66) = 43.3𝑐𝑚2
2 2
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 = 259.88 + 6(43.3) = 𝟓𝟏𝟗. 𝟔 𝒄𝒎𝟐
49. A circular piece of cardboard with a diameter of 1 m will be made into a conical hat 40 cm high by
cutting a sector off and joining the edges to form a cone. Determine the angle subtended by the
sector removed.
Solution:

𝑥 = √𝑟 2 − ℎ2 = √502 − 402 = 30𝑐𝑚

Let:
C1= circumference of the circle
C2= circumference of the base of the cone
C= length of arc
𝐶 = 𝐶1 − 𝐶2 = 2𝜋𝑟 − 2𝜋𝑥 = 2𝜋(50) − 2𝜋(30) = 40𝜋
𝐶 = 𝑟𝜃
40𝜋 = 50(𝜃)
40𝜋 360
𝜃= 𝑥 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒°
50 2𝜋

50. What is the area in sq. m of the zone of a spherical segment having a volume of 1470.265 cu. m if
the diameter of the sphere is 30 m?
Solution:

𝜋ℎ2
𝑉= (3𝑟 − ℎ)
3
𝜋ℎ2
1470.265 = (3(15) − ℎ)
3
2
1470.265 = 𝜋ℎ (45 − ℎ)
1404 = 45ℎ2 − ℎ3
ℎ=6
𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ = 2𝜋(15)(6) = 𝟓𝟔𝟓. 𝟓 𝒎𝟐
51. A sphere having a diameter of 30 cm is cut into 2 segments. The altitude of the first segment is 6
cm. What is the ratio of the area of the second segment to that of the first?
Solution:

ℎ2 = 30 − 6 = 24𝑐𝑚
𝐴2 2𝜋𝑟ℎ2 ℎ2 24
= = = =4
𝐴 1 2𝜋𝑟ℎ1 ℎ1 6
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝐴2 : 𝐴1 = 𝟒: 𝟏

52. If the edge of a cube is increased by 30%, by how much is the surface area increased?
Solution:

𝐴2 𝑥2 2
=( ) (𝑒𝑞1)
𝐴1 𝑥1
𝑥2 = 1.31𝑥1 (𝑒𝑞2)
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑒𝑞2) 𝑖𝑛 (𝑒𝑞1)
𝐴2 1.31𝑥1 2
=( )
𝐴1 𝑥1
𝐴2 = 1.69𝐴1
𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝑨𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝟔𝟗%

53. Each side of a cube is increased by 1%. By what percent is the volume of the cube increased?
Solution:
 𝑉2 𝑥2 3
=( ) (𝑒𝑞1)
𝑉1 𝑥1
𝑥2 = 1.01𝑥1 (𝑒𝑞2)
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑒𝑞2) 𝑖𝑛 (𝑒𝑞1)
𝑉2 1.01𝑥1 3
=( )
𝑉1 𝑥1
𝑉2 = 1.0303𝐴1
𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝑽𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝟑. 𝟎𝟑%

54. Given a sphere of a diameter, d. What is the percentage increase in its diameter when the surface
area increases by 21%?
Solution:

𝐴2 𝑑2 2
=( ) (𝑒𝑞1)
𝐴1 𝑑1
𝐴 = 1.21𝐴1 (𝑒𝑞2)
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑒𝑞2) 𝑖𝑛 (𝑒𝑞1)
𝑑2 2 1.21𝐴1
( ) =
𝑑1 𝐴1
𝑑2 =1.1𝑑1
𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒅𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝟏𝟎%

55. Given a sphere of a diameter, d. What is the percentage increase in its volume when the surface
area increases by 21%?
Solution:
Note: In proportions, balance the resulting units on both sides.
𝑉2 2 𝐴2 3
( ) =( ) (𝑒𝑞1)
𝑉1 𝐴1
𝐴2 = 1.21𝐴1 (𝑒𝑞2)
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑒𝑞2) 𝑖𝑛 (𝑒𝑞1)
𝑉2 2 1.21𝐴1 3
( ) =( )
𝑉1 𝐴1
 𝑉2 3
= 1.212
𝑉1
𝑉2 = 1.33𝑉1
𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝑽𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝟑𝟑. 𝟏%

56. How many times does the volume of a sphere increases if the radius is doubled?
Solution:
𝑉2 𝑟2 3
=( ) (𝑒𝑞1)
𝑉1 𝑟1
𝑟2 = 2𝑟1 (𝑒𝑞2)
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑒𝑞2) 𝑖𝑛 (𝑒𝑞1)
𝑉2 2𝑟1 3
=( )
𝑉1 𝑟1
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟖𝑽𝟏

57. A circular cone having an altitude of 9 m is divided into 2 segments having the same vertex. If the
smaller altitude is 6 m, find the ratio of the volume of the small cone to the big cone.
Solution:

𝑉1 ℎ1 3 6 3
=( ) =( )
𝑉2 ℎ2 9
𝑉1
= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟔
𝑉2

58. Find the volume of a cone to be constructed from a sector having a diameter of 72 cm and central
angle of 210°.
Solution:
 Let: C1= circumference of the circle
C2= circumference of the base of the cone
C= length of arc
C2 = C1 – C
2𝜋𝑥 = 2𝜋𝑟 − 𝑟𝜃
𝑟𝜃 36 2𝜋
𝑥=𝑟− = 36 − [150° 𝑥 ]
2𝜋 2𝜋 360°
𝑥 = 21 𝑐𝑚

ℎ = √𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 = √362 − 212 = 29.24 𝑐𝑚

1 1
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑥 2 ℎ = 𝜋(21)2 (29.24) = 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟑. 𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟑
3 3

59. Find the volume of a cone to be constructed from a sector having a diameter of 72 cm and a
central angle of 150°.
Solution:
Let: C1= circumference of the circle
C2= circumference of the base of the cone
C= length of arc
C2 = C1 – C
2𝜋𝑥 = 2𝜋𝑟 − 𝑟𝜃
𝑟𝜃 36 2𝜋
𝑥=𝑟− = 36 − [210° 𝑥 ]
2𝜋 2𝜋 360°
𝑥 = 15 𝑐𝑚

ℎ = √𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 = √362 − 152 = 32.726 𝑐𝑚

1 1
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑥 2 ℎ = 𝜋(15)2 (32.726) = 𝟕𝟕𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟖 𝒄𝒎
3 3
60. A conical vessel has a height of 24 cm and a base diameter of 12 cm. It holds water to a depth of
18 cm above its vertex. Find the volume (in cu. cm) of its content.
Solution:

By ration and proportion:

6 𝑥
=
24 18
𝑥 = 4.5
1 1
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑥 2 ℎ2 = 𝜋(4.5)2 (18) = 𝟑𝟖𝟏. 𝟕𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟑
3 3

61. What is the height of a right circular cone having a slant height of √(10x) and a base diameter of
2x?
Solution:

By Pythagorean theorem:
2
(√10𝑥) = ℎ2 + 𝑥 2
10𝑥 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑥 2
ℎ2 = 9𝑥 2
ℎ = 𝟑𝒙

62. The ratio of the volume to the lateral area of a right circular cone is 2:1. If the altitude is 15 cm,
what is the ratio of the slant height to the radius?
Solution:

𝐴𝐿 = 𝜋𝑟𝐿
 1
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
3
𝑉 = 2𝐴𝐿

1 2
𝜋𝑟 ℎ = 2(𝜋𝑟𝐿)
3
𝑟 2 ℎ = 6𝑟𝐿
𝐿 ℎ 15 𝟓
= = =
𝑟 6 6 𝟐

63. A regular triangular pyramid has an altitude of 9 m and a volume of 187.06 cu. m. What is the
base edge in meters?
Solution:

1
𝑉 = (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)ℎ
3
1 1
𝑉 = [( ) 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃]h
3 2
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝜃 = 60°, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒

1 1
187.06 = [( ) 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃] (9)
3 2
𝑥 = 𝟏𝟐𝒎

64. The volume of the frustum of a regular triangular pyramid is 135 cu. m. The lower base is an
equilateral triangle with an edge of 9 m. The upper base is 8 m above the lower base. What is the
upper base edge in meters?
Solution:
 ℎ
𝑉= [𝐴 + 𝐴2 + √𝐴1 𝐴2 ] (𝑒𝑞1)
3 1
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝜃 = 60°, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
1
𝐴1 = (9)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛60°
2
𝐴1 = 35.074 (𝑒𝑞2)
1
𝐴2 = (𝑥)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛60°
2
𝐴2 = 0.433𝑥 2 (𝑒𝑞3)
Substitute (2) and (3) in (eq1)
8
135 = [35.074 + 0.433𝑥 2 + √(35.074)(0.433𝑥 2 )]
3
50.625 = 35.074 + 0.433𝑥 2 + 3.897𝑥
𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 36 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 12) = 0
𝒙 = 𝟑𝒎

65. What is the volume of a frustum of a cone whose upper base is 15 cm in diameter and lower base
10 cm. in diameter with an altitude of 25 cm?
Solution:

ℎ
𝑉= [𝐴 + 𝐴2 + √𝐴1 𝐴2 ] (𝑒𝑞1)
3 1
𝐴1 = 𝜋𝑟1 2 = 𝜋(5)2 = 25𝜋
𝐴2 = 𝜋𝑟2 2 = 𝜋(7.5)2 = 56.25𝜋

Substitute 𝐴1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴2 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞1:

25
𝑉= [25𝜋 + 56.25𝜋 + √(25𝜋)(56.25𝜋)] = 𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟖𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟑
3

66. In a portion of an electrical railway cutting, the areas of cross section taken every 50 m are 2556,
2619, 2700, 2610 and 2484 sq. m. Find its volume.
Solution:
Note: Since the areas being cut is at the same distance, then the given solid is a prismatoid. And
since there are 5 different areas being cut then, this is equivalent to 2 prismatoids.
 𝐿 100 100
𝑉 = [𝐴1 + 4𝐴𝑚 + 𝐴2 ] = [2256 + 4(2619) + 2700] + [2700 + 4(2610) + 2484]
2 6 6
𝑉 = 𝟓𝟐𝟐, 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝟑

67. A circular cylinder with a volume of 6.54 cu. m is circumscribed about a right prism whose base is
an equilateral triangle of side 1.25 m. What is the altitude of the cylinder in meters?
Solution:

360
𝜃= = 120°
3
By cosine law:
𝑥 2 = 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 − 2𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
(1.25)2 = 2𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 2 − 2𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠120
1.5625 = 3𝑟 2
𝑟 = 0.72𝑚
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
6.54 = 𝜋(0.72)2 ℎ
ℎ = 𝟒𝒎

68. A circular cylinder is circumscribed about a right prism having a square base one meter on an
edge. The volume of the cylinder is 6.283 cu. m. Find its altitude in meters.
Solution:

𝑑 = √12 + 12 = 1.4142𝑚
𝜋
𝑉 = 𝑑2 ℎ
4
𝜋
6.283 = (1.4142)2 ℎ
4
ℎ = 𝟒𝒎
69. The bases of a right prism is a hexagon with one of each side equal to 6 cm. The bases are 12 cm
apart. What is the volume of the right prism?
Solution:

Note: A= area of one base

B= length of each side of the base
𝑛𝑏 2
𝐴=
4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
360° 360°
𝜃= = = 30°
2𝑛 2(6)
Substitute:
(6)(6)2
𝐴= = 93.53𝑐𝑚2
4𝑡𝑎𝑛30°
𝑉 = 𝐴ℎ = 93.53(12) = 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝒄𝒎𝟑

70. Two vertical conical tanks are joined at the vertices by a pipe. Initially the bigger tank is full of
water. The pipe valve is open to allow the water to flow to the smaller tank until it is full. At this
moment, how deep is the water in the bigger tank? The bigger tank has a diameter of 6 ft and a
height of 10 ft, the smaller tank has a diameter of 6 ft and a height of 8 feet. Neglect the volume
of water in the pipeline.
Solution:
Let: V1= total volume of the bigger tank
V2= total volume of the smaller tank
V= volume left in the bigger tank
1 𝜋𝑑1 2 𝜋
𝑉1 = [ ] ℎ1 = (6)2 (10) = 94.247 𝑓𝑡 3
3 4 12
1 𝜋𝑑2 2 𝜋
𝑉2 = [ ] ℎ2 = (6)2 (8) = 75.398 𝑓𝑡 3
3 4 12
𝑉 = 𝑉1 − 𝑉2 = 94.247 − 75.398 = 18.849𝑓𝑡 3
𝐵𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
 𝑉1 ℎ1 3
=( )
𝑉 ℎ
94.247 10 3
=( )
18.849 ℎ
1000
5= 3
ℎ
𝟑
𝒉 = √𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒇𝒕

71. The central angle of a spherical wedge is 1 radian. Find its volume if its radius is 1 unit.
Solution:

Let: V= volume of the wedge

Vc= volume of the sphere
By ratio and proportion:
4 3
𝑉𝑐 (3)𝜋𝑟 𝜃
=
2𝜋 2𝜋
4(1)3 (1) 𝟐
𝑉= = 𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒊𝒄 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
6 𝟑

72.