PETROLEUM REFINERY

WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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 Outline
Introduction
Overview of Petroleum refinery
Wastewater generation in refinery
Main pollutants in refinery wastewater
Global Standards for Refinery wastewater
Refinery wastewater treatment processes
Conclusion
References
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 INTRODUCTION
 The purpose of refining is to convert natural raw materials such as crude oil and
natural gas into useful saleable products. Crude oil and natural gas are naturally
occurring hydrocarbons found in many areas of the world, in varying quantities and
compositions. The processing of these different refinery products requires huge
quantity of water that serve as utility (hot or Cold) to different units in the
processing plant.

 Refinery wastewater treatment is a process that remove different types of pollutants

from refinery liquid effluents.

 The process utilizes API separator, Dissolved gas flotation and Aerobic biological
treatment methods to treat wastewater that can be reuse in the refinery or discharge
for further treatment.

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Overview of Refinery

 Petroleum refinery Process

 Unit operators
 Wastewater Generation
 Pollution Prevention

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 Wastewater Generation
in Refinery
Cooling water
Process Water
Storm Water
Sanitary Sewage

The refinery units that are involved in the generation of the wastewater
are; Desalter, Distillation, Thermal Cracking, Visbreaking, Coking,
Catalytic cracking, heat exchangers, storage tank drainage
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Main Pollutants Involved

LIQUID HYDROCARBONS SUSPENDED SOLIDS Mercaptans (RSH)

Amines
Phenols (R-C6H5O)

HF
Cyanides
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H2SO4
Global Standards for Refinery
Wastewater
Table 1. Liquid Effluents Levels for Petroleum Pollutant Units Guideline Value
Refining Facilities Mercury Mg/L 0.003
Pollutant Units Guideline Value Arsenic mg/L 0.1
pH S.U 6-9 Vanadium Mg/L 1
BOD5 mg/L <30 Phenol Mg/l 0.2
COD Mg/L 125 Benzene Mg/L 0.05
(TSS) Mg/L 30 Benzol(a)pyrene Mg/L 0.05
Oil and Grease mg/L 10 Sulfides Mg/L 0.2
Chromium Mg/L 0.5 Total Nitrogen Mg/L 10
(total)
Total Phosphorus Mg/L 2
Chromium Mg/L 0.05
Temperature C <3
(hexavalent)
increase
Copper Mg/L 0.5
Iron Mg/L 3
Cyanide Total Mg/L 1
Free 0.1
Lead Mg/L 0.1
6
Nickel Mg/L 0.5
 Refinery Wastewater
Treatment
Wastewater
inlet

Note:
Sludge produce from biological
treatment is treated to reduce
its volume to be finally disposed
to the dedicated dump or
landfill (usually mechanical
thickening and dewatering Discharge Reused
processes are provide for this
task). 7
Refinery Wastewater
Treatment Stage 1 (Primary Treatment)
API Separation
 Wastewater enters the API
separator.
 Floating oil is skim from the
top of the wastewater .
 Sediment and oily sludge sink
to the bottom.
 Remaining water move on to
stage two were further
processing takes place.

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Refinery Wastewater
Treatment Stage 2 (Primary Treatment)
Dissolve Gas Flotation

 Microscopic nitrogen bubbles are introduce

into the water.
 Remaining oil particles float to the surface
of the water where they are remove for
reprocessing in the refinery.

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Refinery Wastewater
Treatment Stage 3 (Secondary Treatment)
Aerobic Biological Treatment

 Special formula of bacteria brakes down

the biodegradable volatile organic
compounds and ammonia in the water.
 Improve water quality, reducing
emission and odor.

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Refinery Wastewater
Treatment Stage 4 (Tertiary Treatment)

 Demineralization process to remove

suspended solid.
Water  Ion exchange process to reduce
output hardness or soften the permeate
water.
 Carbonator to Scrap Corrosion
causing carbon dioxide.
 Reverse osmosis to remove any
remaining dissolve solid and organic
from the water.
Water output  Mixed bed ion exchanger to remove
undesirable ions.
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 Conclusion
 Refinery wastewater treatment is an important segment of the daily operation of
refineries.
 Primary and secondary treatments remove most of the pollutants within refinery
wastewater but due to the wastewater standards in different countries and
provinces, tertiary treatment is also use in the process to meet stringent limits for
different contaminants.
There are three options for pollution reduction in a refinery:
 Reduce or eliminate waste generation at sources.
 Recycling back or use for other purposes
 Waste Treatment

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 References
[1] IPIECA. Petroleum Refining Water /Wastewater use and management
(Operation best practice series). 2010. Retrieved from www.ipieca.com

[2] World Bank Group. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Petroleum
Refining. 2016. Retrieved from www.ifc.org/ehsguidelines

[3] Pascal Barthe, Michel Chaugny, Serge Roudier, Luis Delgado Sancho. Best
Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil
and Gas 2015.

[4] Fusheng Pan. Environmental Chemical Engineering lecture notes. 2019. School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University.

[5] Photos retrieve from www.wikipedia.com

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 THE END

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