Chapter 3

3.1 Introduction

In this chapter, the methodology of the research will be discussed. Chapter 3 has

undergone the steps of research design where it specifies whether qualitative or

quantitative. It also cover the data collection methods. Primary data will be collected

from respondents are discussed and the collection of secondary data will be shown.

Next, the procedure of selecting sample are also discussed. Research instrument

such as pilot test, and questionnaire development, construct measurement, methods of

data processing and data analysis also will be included in this chapter.

3.2 Research Design

This study is based on quantitative methods and the researchers used

Correlational Research as the design. A correlation is simply defined as a relationship

between two variables. Researchers using correlations are looking to see if there is a

relationship between two variables. A Survey Research is use to collect data. It

consists of gathering information via surveys or questionnaires by choosing a random

sample of participants. According to Aaker, Kumar and Day (1995), a questionnaire

has the advantage to increase the area of data and make respondents more confident in

giving the correct.

3.3 Research Framework

The establishment of this framework is the Relationship between the IV toward

DV. It based on the objectives of the study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

(IV1)
Employee Motivation

(IV2) (DV)
Workplace Environment Employee Productivity
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework between independent and dependent variable

 Employee Motivation program can influence the employees' productivity.

 Workplace Environment can influence the employees’ productivity.

 Job Rotation can influence the employees’ productivity.

3.4 Research Hypothesis

HO1: There a significant relationship between Employee Motivations and

Employees’ productivity.

HO2: There a significant relationship between Workplace Environtment and

Employees’ Productivity.

HO3: There a significant relationship between Job Rotation and Employees’

Productivity.

3.5 Unit of Analysis

 Refers to the level of aggregation of the data collected during the subsequent data

analysis stage. As for this study, the researchers use individual as their unit of analysis.

It is because the data are gathered from each individual or respondent and treating

each respondent response as an individual data source.

3.6 Population and Sampling

The first step in determining the research sample is to define the research

population of interest both clearly and accurately (Schofield, 1996). According to

Kumar (2000), the population is the set of all objects that have some common set of

predetermined characteristics with respect to some research problems. On the other

band, Sekaran (2000) defines population as: The entire group of people, events, or

thing of interest that the researcher wishes to investigate. Moreover, he also defines

population frame as: The listing of all the elements in the population from which the

sample is drawn.

The population for this study are the organizations in Shah Alam and Puchong

Jaya. The population consist to employees. The researchers are using the SRS. The

researchers use SRS because a small group of the big population that can be taken and

can provide some benefits such as have lower cost, have greater accuracy of results,

have greater speed of data collection and availability of population elements.

3.7 Research Instrument

I n survey research, a questionnaire is an instrument that is comprised of a set of

questions to be asked to the participants of the survey and the researchers will analyse

the feedback given. According to Rensis Likert (1932) and Bobby Yan Piew (2006),

the use of Likert Scale based index constructed by adding the appropriate items and

related concepts. Researchers use the 5-point Likert Scale to facilitate the conclusion

of findings. Likert Scale is use to measure the independent and dependent variables.

The table below show the 5-point Likert Scale Variation used in this study. The scale

refers to the level of agreement of respondents.

Strongly
Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

1 2 3 4 5

Table 1: Likert Scale Variation

There are 5 parts in this questionnaire and the respondents were given a choice

according to the Likert Scale 5 points as shown in Table 1.

Part A: Demographic Background

Part B: IV1 ( Employee Motivation)

Part C: IV2 ( Workplace Environment)

Part D: IV3 ( Job Rotation)

Part E: DV ( Employees’ Productivity)

3.8 Reliability Test

Test-Retest: Respondents are administered identical sets of a scale of items at two

different times under equivalent conditions. The degree of similarity between the two

measurements is determined by computing a correlation coefficient. The higher the

correlation coefficient in reliability analysis, the greater the reliability. This does have

some limitations. Test-Retest Reliability is sensitive to the time interval between

testing. The initial measurement may alter the characteristic being measured in

Test-Retest Reliability in reliability analysis.

Value of Cronbach’s Alpha Strength of Reliability Test

 Below 0.6 Poor

0.6 – 0.69 Moderate

0.7 – 0.79 Good

0.8 – 0.89 Very Good

0.9 and above Excellent

Table 2: Range and Strength of Reliability Test

3.9 Data Analysis Techniques

Primary data was gathered through questionnaire. SPSS (v.23) was used to

analyze the data. Data were being analyzed through descriptive analysis, it analyzed

the demographic backgrounds of respondents in terms of frequency, percentage, mean

and standard deviation. On the other hand, as for the inferential analysis is based on

Correlation Analysis and Regression.

3.9.1 Descriptive Analysis

Descriptive statistics are brief descriptive coefficients that summarize a given

data set, which can be either a representation of the entire population or a sample of it.

Descriptive statistics are broken down into measures of central tendency and
measures of variability, or spread. Measures of central tendency include the mean,

median, and mode, while measures of variability include the standard deviation or

variance, the minimum and maximum variables.

MEAN LEVEL OF MEAN

1.00 – 3.33 Low
3.34 – 3.67 Average
3.68 – 5.00 High
Table 3: Level of Mean

3.9.2 Correlation

Is a measure of the strength and direction and direction of association that exists

between two continuous variables. The Pearson correlation generates a coefficient

called the Pearson correlation coefficient, denoted as r. Its value can range from -1 for

a negative relationship to +1 for a positive relationship. A value of 0 (zero) indicates

no relationship between two variables. This relationship is measured according to

Evan (1996)’s interpretation. As shown in the table below:

Value ‘r’ Strength

0.80 – 1.00 Very strong

0.60 – 0.79 Strong

 0.40 – 0.59 Moderate

0.20 – 0.39 Weak

0.00 – 0.19 Very weak

Table 4: The interpretation of Pearson ‘r’

3.10 Conclusion

This chapter had been organized to include introduction, research design,

population and determination of sample size, data collection method, questionnaire

development, data analysis and summary. Elaboration and explanation of the issues

related to research methodology had been highlighted that included the choices of

research methodology and data collection methods. Details of the analysis, results and

inferences were presented in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5.