Batangas State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts

Electronics, Instrumentation and Control and Mechatronics
Engineering Department

Course Code : ECE 408

Course Title : Industrial Electronics
Project Title : Automatic Street Light
Instructor : Engr. Anela L. Salvador
Date Submitted : December 11, 2018
Section : ICE 4102
Group No. 1 : MANALO, Irvin Nazmell R.
: ROSALES, John Mark M.
: VALENZUELA, Jovy Ann

Presentation (30pts) : __________

Project’s Functionality (50pts) : __________
Prototype’s Design &Aesthetics : __________
(20pts)

TOTAL : __________

Remarks:
I. Introduction
A Street light is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. When urban electric
power distribution became ubiquitous in developed countries in the 20th century, lights for urban
streets followed, or sometimes led. Many lamps have light-sensitive photocells that activate
automatically when light is or is not needed: dusk, dawn, or the onset of dark weather. Many
street light systems are being connected underground instead of wiring from one utility post to
another. Streetlights are carefully planned. Streetlight issues include light pollution of the night
sky and interference with night vision of drivers. A sudden inability to perceive lighting and
distance at night due to street lighting is because of the accommodation reflex of the human eye
as cars move from a darkened area to an area illuminated by a streetlight. To deal with the issues
of night vision, light pollution and voltage accidents, only a certain number of street lights are
installed within a given area, and they are designed for low-light exposure to drivers. There are
important benefits of streetlights. It can be used to promote security in urban areas and to
increase the quality of life by artificially extending the hours in which it is light so that activity
can take place. Street lighting also improves safety for drivers, riders, and pedestrians. Driving
outside of daylight hours is more dangerous.
Making a street light that would automatically turn on and turn off even without human
intervention is a way for innovation. People has no need to be reminded of the time to turn on the
street lights, especially on urban places during the dark hours. It would be more convenient for
the constituents to have lights at the street at the right timing. It would also lead to controlled
cost on electricity in terms of light as the street lights would only turn on when the night time
comes and would also automatically turn off during day time.
People nowadays continue to strive for innovation and there are many other ways to
achieve it. As early as today, students can also contribute to it by means of project making. Doing
an automatic street light is a way to that.

II. Objectives
This prototype/project aims to:
 Make an automatic street light with the use of a TRIAC with a 220 AC Voltage
supply.
 Know how the TRIAC would work and would be applied to an automatic street light.
  Make a device that would help the people.
 Apply the learnings from previous lessons to an actual work.

III. Summary
This project or prototype can provide an automatic street light that will turn on if it
detects dark surroundings around its sensor. A 220 V AC supply will make the light bulb turn on
and provide light. This prototype should be adjusted through Resistor 7 in a way that the device
turns ON when it is really dark. The LDR should also be directed away from the light it controls.
Under normal daytime conditions, a strong light shines on LDR1. Under this situation,
LDR1 exhibits a low resistance characteristic. Base voltage for transistor Q1, passing through
diode D1 and complemented by capacitor C1 into conduction. As a consequence, all the internal
diodes of bridge rectifier D2 conduct, in turn, shunting the gate terminal of TRIAC 1 to its MT1
terminal potential, thereby keeping the TRIAC OFF.
On the other hand, as night time approaches, the amount of light shining on LDR1
gradually diminishes. This results to corresponding increase in resistance in LDR1. The net
effect of which is reduction of the base voltage or a consequent turning OFF of transistor Q1 and
that of bridge rectifier D2. This condition, in turn, allows small AC Voltage through resistors R1
to R5 to pass through diodes D3, D4, D5 and D6. As a consequence, an AC Voltage appears at
the gate of TRIAC 1, in turn, causing it to be triggered into conduction.
Resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 limit the current through the circuit. Resistor R6, on the
other hand, limits the base drive applied to transistor Q1 to the appropriate level. Trimmer
resistor R7 is for controlling the sensitivity of the circuit. Diodes D3, D4, D5 and D6 offset the
voltage drop across D2 during the ON period so that the TRIAC could turn OFF when it is
already day time.

IV. List of Components

The components used are as follows:
 1 TRIAC, Q4004L4
 1 Rectifier Diode, 1N4005
 1 Bridge Rectifier, W04M
 4 Switching Diode, 1N4148
  1 NPN Transistor, 9013
 4 resistors, 3.9 k�
 1 resistor, 2.2 k�
 1 resistor, 120 k�
 1 resistor, 10 k�
 1 LDR
 1 capacitor, 1 µF
 1 capacitor, 0.05 µF
 PCB
 Soldering Lead
 LED Bulb

V. Circuit Design/Project Design

VI. Conclusions and Recommendations
The group were able to finish the project, applying all the necessary knowledge needed.
The TRIAC, a kind of thyristor, was used together with other components as seen on the
components. With the help of the other components, especially the LDR, the TRIAC served as an
automatic switch to the street light. The TRIAC needs to be supplied with a positive voltage with
respect to its MT2 terminal.
This automatic street light would provide ease to the person in-charge of the lighting
system, for example in an urban area, because he/she would no longer have to turn on the switch
for the street lights. In contrast to that, one does not need to employ a person to turn on and turn
off the street lights for it is so uneconomical and impractical. This assures a reliable and
maintenance-free operation throughout its useful life
The group were able to apply all the necessary knowledge, especially the laying out of
components in the breadboard. Having the initial design tested on the breadboard made the
project easier. It is important to know every single detail of the design to execute it properly.
The group recommends that one should know the components very well. Each function
of the components should be clear as well as all the specification of it. With that being said, the
laying out part of the project would be easier. Also, great teamwork and cooperation would lead
to a more successful work and would eventually lead to success.

ROSALES, John Mark M.; VALENZUELA, Jovy Ann; MANALO, Irvin Nazmell R.