Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MILLENNIAL GENERATION
HIKMA
06120150118
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
2019
TABLE OF CONTENS
TABLE OF CONTENS ..................................................................................................... i
CHAPTER I...................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Problem Statements ................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................... 3
1.4 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................ 3
1.5 Scope of the Study .................................................................................................. 4
CHAPTER II .................................................................................................................... 5
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE ............................................................... 5
2.1 Language ................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Characteristics of Human Language .............................................................. 10
2.2 Generation ............................................................................................................. 14
2.2.1 Millennial Generation .................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................. 22
RESEARCH METHOD ................................................................................................. 22
3.1 Research Design ................................................................................................... 22
3.2 Population and Sample ......................................................................................... 22
3.2.1 Population....................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2 Sample ............................................................................................................ 23
3.3. Data Collection Procedure ................................................................................... 23
3.5 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................ 24
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 25
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
they want to do interaction for daily activities. Human will always meet with social
interaction to maintain their life. In this case language becomes media of social
interaction. Concomitant science and technology increases, we can not to imagine that
the human comprehension toward language also create increased both in terms of
perspective and interaction. It means language understanding that arises from human
perspective not only for media interaction but as need too as a necessity that must be
The rapid development of science and technology greatly affects the lives of
every human, for example the ease of obtaining information from various aspects both
domestically and abroad. But in this case every human being must have a good
understanding of language, especially language that is universal so that they are able to
communicate internationally.
languages that aim to realize universal communication because most of science and
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English, for example, is one of the international languages that has been
officially recognized throughout the world. English today has become one of the
languages that must be understood by every human being as evidenced by the fact that
English is the most studied language in the whole world, even most countries in the
world have applied English learning as a compulsory subject to develop the potential of
Discussing about English and millennial generations, these two things are very
related and influence each other, especially in a sustainable life. Millennial, as we have
seen, are a generation that is very active in using science and technology today. The
ease of obtaining new information is very much felt by the millennium through
information technology currently available, but does not exclude millennial who
English, where information and technology is available in English. This case caused a
longer found it difficult to utilize all the rapidly increasing information and technology.
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1.2 Problem Statements
Generations?
international communication?
Generations.
international communication.
answer the millennial generation's question of how much influence English has on their
lives.
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1.5 Scope of the Study
This research will focus on English teachers who will give us opinions about the
class.
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CHAPTER II
2.1 Language
Language is nothing but human subjects in as much as they speak, say and
know. Language is something coming from the inside of the speaking subject manifest
contrary, is something coming from the outside, from the speech community, something
offered to the speaking subject from the tradition in the technique of speaking. The
speech act is the performance of an intuition by the subject, both individual and social.
and means offered to the speaking subject from the tradition in the technique of
speaking. The speech act is the performance of an intuition by the subject, both
using the parameters and means offered to the speaker by the speech community.
symbolic signs, vast vocabularies, syntactic rules, and propositional structure, all of
which allow for unlimited productivity in the creation of communicative signals whose
meaning transcends the here and now. Modern theories of language evolution attempt to
understand precursors to these discontinuous traits and what scenarios may have given
rise to their emergence. The study of the evolution of language presents extraordinary
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traits to uncover potential common ancestry as well as the study of analogous traits that
have emerged across different lineages to understand common selection pressures. This
method has revealed strikingly few parallels between the vocal communicative
repertories of humans and their nearest relatives, the great apes, although there may be
time, the comparative method has revealed some striking similarities between humans
and songbirds with respect to the imitative behaviors of juveniles and the role of social
which exact traits constitute analogues or homologues in species that do not possess the
faculty of language. Paleo-anthropological methods are of limited use since the fossil
record does not contain clear traces of anatomical prerequisites (i.e., vocal tract
methods rely on inferences about the link between the notoriously incomplete record of
artifacts and the cognitive abilities involved in their production and use. Finally, the
recent applications of molecular biology that try to trace the emergence of language
depend on the growing, but currently still limited knowledge about the genetic
underpinnings of this unique human ability. Thus, in the absence of “hard” evidence, the
selection pressures that operate during biological evolution and cultural transmission to
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provide proof of concept for basic principles that may underlie the emergence of
language.
language as a system of signs (“langue”) and language as the product of the application
of knowledge about this system (“langage” or “parole”), linguistic theory has upheld the
performance describes the behaviors associated with language use such as the
comprehension, production, and learning of linguistic signals. These behaviors and their
control, conceptual representations, and intentionality, have recently been termed the
“Faculty of Language in the Broad Sense” (Hauser et al. 2002), and are the subject of
study of the discipline of psycholinguistics with its vast arsenal of experimental and
neurophysiological paradigms.
concerned with abilities like control over vocalization and gesture, vocal and gestural
with animal vocal signaling systems like bird song or whether precursors of language
may have initially arisen in the gestural modality, there is consensus that many of these
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abilities constitute adaptations to a variety of selection pressures that may not be related
to language, but were likely to be related to social organization, mate choice, and tool
use, and are the product of a gradual and continuous process of evolution by natural
selection.
encompassing knowledge of a finite set of rules that can be used to generate an infinite
seen as being at the heart of the human faculty for language. According to the theory of
language they must have innate knowledge of universal constraints that limit the types
Universal Grammar (i.e., the innate substrate for acquiring a Generative Grammar) is
grammar have changed since the 1960s: The Standard Theory encompassed the notions
of a deep structure describing the underlying logical relationships between the parts of a
sentence, and a surface structure describing the specific manifes-tations of how those
parts are assembled based on a set of transformation rules, the specification of which
underwent major revisions in subsequent editions of the theory throughout the 1970s. In
coreference (Binding) between words, and a set of parameters, i.e., values that define
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variability in language-specific manifestations of these principles, the specific values of
which are set upon receiving input during the process of acquisition. Finally, in the
1990s, the Minimalist Program narrowed the human faculty for language down to a
consisting of a head and its complement, into a superordinate unit that inherits the
properties of the head (e.g., in the phrase big dog, the adjective big serves as the
dependent of dog, and thus modifies its meaning). Crucially, the product of Merge can
new unit (e.g., the big dog), thereby implementing the fundamental property of
recursion considered at the core of the human “Faculty for Language in the Narrow
Sense” (Hauser et al. 2002). As theories of the evolution of language predate the
proposal of the concept of the “Faculty for Language in the Narrow Sense” this entry
retains the term “Universal Grammar” when talking about the evolution of language
competence.
In the twenty‐first century, there are between 6000 and 8000 different languages
spoken in the world, all of which are in a continuous state of evolving, by inter‐mixing
size of the people who use them, the frequency and form of their use in different media,
through migration and through inter‐mixing with other languages. As Stadler et al.
argue, human languages are a ‘culturally evolving trait’ and when it occurs language
change is both sporadic and robust (faithfully replicated) and the main established
variants are replaced by new variants. Only about 200 of these disparate languages are
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in written as well as spoken form, and most, except the popular ones like Mandarin,
Spanish, English, Hindi, Arabic, Portuguese, Bengali, and Russian, are in decline of
use. But how did language itself evolve and come to be the most important innate tool
because of its associations with culture, social behavior and the development of the
human mind.
It is generally believed that human beings are the sole species capable of
developing language thanks to their intelligence and appropriate structure of the vocal
tract. It is clear, however, that animals are also capable of communicating in their own
way. Numerous features common to all natural human languages have been proposed,
a. Productivity
possible the construction and interpretation of new signals that have not been
already faced and are not to be found on some list-however-large that list
might be-of prefabricated signals, to which the user has access. The
for the conquest of language by children. The fact that children, at their early
age, are able to make utterances that they never heard before is a proof that
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language is not learned only by means of stimulation and memorization.
(Lyons, 1981:22)
b. Discreteness
the two words 'bit' and 'bet' differ in form, in both the written and the spoken
between the vowels that normally occur in the pronunciation of these two
words. But if one substitutes this intermediate sound for the vowel of 'bit' or
'bet' in the same context, one shall not that way have pronounced some third
words different from either or sharing the characteristics of both. One shall
have pronounce something that is not recognized as a word at all or, instead of
c. Duality
levels of structure, such as that units of the primary level are included in
elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own
and 'unit' that has introduced will be noticed, but this not a standard
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d. Displacement
to speak not only about things that happened at the time and place of talking,
but also about other situation, real or unreal, past or future. Human can talk
about electronic parts catalog while playing cards without saying one. As far
suggest that bee can direct other bees to a food source. Although in some
limited fashion this might mean that bees' communication system also have
this
property. (Wiśniewski,2007)
e. Arbitrariness
systematic connections with what they mean. The first three numbers in
English are one, two, three,- but in Chinese they are yi, er, san. Neither
language has the "right" word for the numerals or anything else, because there
is no such thing (Bolton, 1982: 5). Even onomatopoetic words for sounds, like
ding-dong and click, that are supposed to sound like the noise they name,
f. Variability
language. The language that people use varies depending on who's speaking
and the situation in which they are speaking. Variation is the gist of
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information which is also known as difference and diversity. Without variation
allows people to communicate far more than the semantic content of the
Speakers vary the language they use to define the immediate speech situation,
also to signal their social identities ( social status, geographical, ethnicity, and
even gender).
g. Cultural Transmission
trial-and-error process. For example, no one needs to tell a person not to stand
outside and spend hours staring directly into the sun because one would
probably learn fairly quickly that this is not a good idea. This trial-anderror
being present in our culture. For example, if one lives in the United States, one
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knows that spooky decorations during October are one of the ways that people
celebrate Halloween. Likewise, you probably also know that there are certain
holiday in general.
2.2 Generation
the different researchers and consultants exploring and writing about generational
differences have come up with a variety of different names to label the specific
about which span of years should be encompassed within any one generation. Table
25.1 presents a comparison of the different labels given to various generations as well as
the different chronological schemes used to assign people born in any given year to one
of the generations defined by the sources listed in the first column. As illustrated in the
table, some authorities state that Generation Y workers were born as early as 1978
(Martin and Tulgan, 2002), whereas others (Howe and Strauss, 2000) have established a
start date as late as 1982. Interestingly, both of these sources (Howe and Strauss, 2000;
Martin and Tulgan, 2002) define the end date for Generation Y as 2000. The focus of
this review is on the three middle generations (Boomer, X, and Millennial), because
members of these three generations will be in higher education and the workforce over
the next 15 years. For purposes of this review, the generations will be labeled and
delineated as illustrated in Table 25.2; however, other synonymous terms for the three
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major generations are used in various sections of this review, especially when referring
According to demographer David Foot, the Millennial are a cohort born between
1980 and 1995 (Foot and Stoffman, 1998). He also refers to them as “Baby Boom
Echo,” as the Millennial are the children of the Baby Boomers (1946–65). As a cohort,
Millennial are said to share a common location in historical time, shaped by the
historical events and experiences of that time (cf. Gilleard, 2004). This
of generations, where members of the same generation share more than the same birth
year. As a result, the environment in which Millennial grew up during their formation
through 1997, which followed the “birth dearth” period of Generation X (born 1965-
1980) , which was preceded by the baby boom generation (born 1946-1964). The exact
dates of the millennial generation vary among researchers. However, as with the baby
boomers, the millennial’s distinction is associated not just with their large size—at 75.3
million, the millennial generation has now surpassed the baby boomers—but also with
their unique attributes in terms of demographics, tastes, and lifestyles. As their name
implies, they are the first generation to reach adulthood in the new millennium,
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suggesting that they will usher in changes that will be followed by later generations this
century.
Despite their large size, millennial, are not as dominant as a share of the
total population today as the baby boomers were when they were young adults.
This can be seen in Figure 1, which compares the baby boomers in 1980 with
percent of the population and vastly outweighed generations that were their
seniors. Their demographic imprint alone shows why, at the time, baby boomers
held such power in the workplace and marketplace. In contrast, millennial young
adults today, while also large in numbers, represent 23 percent of the population
and must contend with sizable older generations, including baby boomers, in
millennial are 55.8 percent white and nearly 30 percent “new minorities”—
Hispanic, Asian, and those identifying as two or more races. In 2000, when
millennial were just beginning to turn 18, young adults were 63 percent white. In
1980, when occupied by baby boomers, young adults were 78 percent white.
The large waves of immigration to the U.S. in the 1980s and 1990s, especially
from Latin America and Asia, coupled with the aging of the white population,
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made millennial a far more racially and ethnically diverse generation than any
between millennial and prior generations. In 2015, the 55 and older population,
including most baby boomers and those born before them, were “whiter” than
the country as a whole (75 percent vs. 61.6 percent), and among them, blacks
were the largest racial minority. Those in the 35-54 age group, including
Generation X and the tail end of the baby boomers (at 61.5 percent white, 17.6
percent Hispanic, and 12.5 percent black), were roughly representative of the
The young adult population ages 18-34 grew nationally by 4,7 percent
from 2010 to 2015. This represents gains from immigration and the aging of
younger millennial into the 18-34 age bracket during that time. However, this
pattern of young adult growth differs across metropolitan areas and states in
terms of the extent to which: (1) they 24 attract immigrants; (2) young millennial
age into the 18-34 age bracket; and (3) these areas gain or lose domestic
migrants with other parts of the U.S. The combination of these components
yields the overall young adult growth rate for a given metropolitan area or state.
percent for Provo, Utah, to just 15,9 percent in North Port-Sarasota, Fla. The 15
metropolitan areas with the highest shares of millennial are all in the fast-
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growing South and West, with the exception of Madison, a university town and
state capital—an attribute it has in common with Austin, which has the second
highest millennial share. Four of the areas with the highest shares are in
California: San Diego, Bakersfield, Fresno, and Los Angeles. Metropolitan areas
with the lowest millennial shares tend to be in Florida – where millennial are
Midwest. Included among the first group are Cape Coral, Palm Bay, Deltona-
Daytona Beach, Tampa, Lakeland, and Miami. Among those in the last group
are Ohio cities Youngstown, Bridgeport, and Cleveland, Detroit, and the
evident from the tremendous publicity they receive and the consumer base they
represent. Yet their most lasting legacy is yet to be determined, based on how
successfully they serve as a social, economic, and political bridge to the next
racially diverse generation. Racial minorities make up well over two-fifths of the
millennial population nationally, and more than half the population in 10 states
generations—Gen Xers, baby boomers, and their seniors. In so doing, they face
tolerant attitudes than earlier generations and leading the way among young
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adults in forming interracial marriages. As a generation, they are also the most
educated of all those that came before them, which should bode well for future
socioeconomic divide that puts some millennial groups behind others. Black and
homeownership, and income than whites and many Asian millennial—a divide
concerning given that black and Hispanic families possess fewer resources to
draw from to lift up their younger generations. Racial and ethnic poverty
disparities are even wider among children than for millennial or the population
as a whole.
These racial and ethnic divisions are compounded by the one-two punch
that hit millennial and their parents directly, from which many are still
recovering: the Great Recession and subsequent housing market crash. These
two events affected all millennial. Long-term societal trends toward later
saddled with high student debt, faced with poor job prospects, and frozen out of
the mortgage market were stalled in creating home equity and obtaining jobs that
would lead to careers. However, these stalled patterns became even bigger
impediments to racial and ethnic minorities whose parents took major hits in
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millennial and post-millennial from these minority groups will make up ever
Despite this late start and predictions that future generations will earn
less than their parents, millennial tend to be optimistic about the future A
majority of them say that they want to get married, have children, and purchase a
home. Most members of each major racial and ethnic group are optimistic about
their own future; and Hispanic, Asian, and black millennial are more likely than
whites to say both that they personally will do better financially than their
parents and that the life of their generation will be better than that of their
parents.
improving, and there are signs that housing affordability is reviving. These
when they enter improving labor and housing markets under circumstances with
multihued country of the future, millennial will play an important role toward
achieving their own success and that of subsequent generations. One challenge
will be to assist in bridging the “cultural generation gap” that exists in much of
today’s politics in which older generations are reluctant to embrace the nation’s
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By example and as advocates, millennial of all racial and ethnic
backgrounds can make the case that investing in a more inclusive America is
essential to the nation’s economic success and will, as well, benefit these older
already comprises the largest generation of eligible voters. Beyond that, as they
move into middle age, millennial will represent the new face of America in
politics, in business, in popular culture, and as the nation’s image to the rest of
the world.
Millennial are indeed worthy of attention. They are smart. They are
creative. They are passionate about many issues. But the most consequential
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
population and sample, research instrument, data collection, and data analysis.
In this research, the researcher use qualitative method. Ary et.al (1985: 322)
explains descriptive research method was used to obtain information about exiting
produces descriptive data in the form of words or spoken of people and behaviors that
will be observed.
Sugiyono (2014) the qualitative method decides a research based on the whole social
situation including place, actor and activity that interact synergy each other. The method
3.2.1 Population
The population for this research will be focus on some persons whose provide
the influence of English language toward Millennial Generation and some of Millennial
Generation who has been felt the advantage of English language in their life.
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3.2.2 Sample
Thailand, the research will use interview about their experience of English language,
what is their propose to learn English language and what is the they are think about the
School, One teacher from other country who felt the influence English Language and
have experience about English language and also will take interview from Headmaster
of Miftahudden School who have applied the English Program (EP) In Miftahudden
chronological as follows:
b. Recording and note taking, the researcher recorded the conversation between
c. Documentation, to complete the datum, the researcher will collect the pictures
as proof.
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d. After interview and documentation, the researcher transcribed the result of
collecting datum if the researchers has known for sure about what information will be
obtained. (Sugiono, 2010: 233). The instrument in this research used interview to collect
the data and recording the interview used tape recorder but researcher must to prepare
note contain some questions. Interview has function to find out descriptions that include
Millennial Generation.
The next step is researcher described the result by using descriptive qualitative method.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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