story of

Kumbhalgarh

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 story of
Kumbhalgarh
introduction
This is the story of a great empire which was set up by the great Rana
Mokhal and Valorous Maharana Pratap.
In the midst of Aravali ranges surrounded by thick forests extends a 36
km long wall, second largest after the great wall of China
It acts as a fortification to the most secure Fort of Mewar dynasty the
Kumbhalgarh Fort.
Constructed by Maharana Kumbha it is said to be the second most
important fort of the mewar dynasty.

Key features
It is World Heritage Site but still out of eyes. Location: At a distance of 64 kms in
It is second largest wall in the world after the great wall of china. north-west of Udaipur, in
It is the second most important fort of Mewar dynasty. Rajasmand district
It is the highest fort in Rajasthan constructed at a height of 1837 meters Built by: Maharana Kumbha
from sea level
Built in: 15th century
It is the birth place of Maharana Pratap.
Highlights: Badal Mahal (the Palace of
Clouds)

location
How to reach: One can easily reach
Kumbhalgarh Fort either
by taking regular buses or
by hiring Taxis from
Udaipur city

BY BUS: There are no

bus routes from other
major cities to
Kumbhalgarh. Nearest
bus stand is
Nathdwara(shrinathji).
Kumbhalgarh36 km
away
Nathdwara(Shrinathji)
Nathdwara, Rajasthan
Kumbhalgarh64 km
away
Kakroli Kankroli,
Rajasthan

BY TRAIN: Instead of Kumbhalgarh you can a

get a train to Rani on regular basis. BY FLIGHT
Kumbhalgarh35 km away Kumbhalgarh does not have an airport. Nearest
Rani (RANI), Rani, Rajasthan airport is 66 km Dabok Airport, Udaipur.
Kumbhalgarh35 km away
Khimel (KZQ), Khimel, Rajasthan

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Kumbhalgarh
History of kumbhalgarh:
1885 A.D
Kumbhalgarh fort was constructed in the year 1458 by Maharana
Kumbha of the Mewar dynasty under the supervision of architect Madan.
Prior to the construction of the fort and its fortifications, in 2nd centaury
Kumbhalgarh was the army training camp of king SAMPRATHI.
It was the over the ruins of Samprathi’s army training camp.King
Samprathi was the grandson of King Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty.
Apart from this Kumbhalgarh served as refuge to hermits and saints who
used to meditate in the wilderness of kumbhalgarh.

Folk story of construction

The rough terrain and thick forest made it impossible for Maharana
Kumbha to complete the construction of the fortification. While on his
search for a solution he came across a saint who advised him to offer a
sacrifice and insisted of that the saint himself had to be the sacrifice. The
saint said that he would wallk around the fort and he asked Kumba to
chop his head off at the spot where he stopped. He advised him to call the
location hanuman pol and construct a temple near the location. Kumbha
could finally complete its construction by 1458.

Historical features
kumbhalgarh
• No one conquered Kumbhalgarh after the
fortification
• The very old name of Kumbhalgarh is
Macchindrapur/Mahor

Dynasties ruled in
kumbhalgarh
1458 A.D
• Mauryan Danasty (322 B.C.E-185 B.C.E)
• Sungas (185 B.C.E-73 B.C.E)
• Indo Greeks (73 B.C.E-50 B.C.E) 1 2
• Indo Scythians/Shakas (fall at 50 A.D)
• Indo Parthians/Pallavas (50 A.D-100 A.D)
• Kushan Empire (100 A.D- 275 A.D)
• Mewar Dynasty (1213 A.D)

5 4 3

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FAMILY TREE OF THE SESODIA CLAN OF
RAJPUTS

MAHARANA HAMIR SINGH RANA KSHETRA SINGH RANA LAKHA SINGH MAHARANA MOKAL
(1326-1364) (1364-1382) (1382-1421) (1421-1433)

MAHARANA KUMBHA
(1433-1468)

MAHARANA UDAI SINGH I MAHARANA RAIMAL SINGH

(1468-1473) (1473-1508)
SON OF RANA KUMBHA SON OF RANA KUMBHA
(KILLED RANA KUMBHA) (KILLED RANA UDAI I)

MAHARANA SANGRAM SINGH I

(1508-1527)

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Kumbhalgarh

MAHARANA SANGRAM SINGH I

(1508-1527)

MAHARANA RATAN SINGH II VIKRAM ADITYA SINGH VANVIR SINGH MAHARANA UDAI SINGH II
(1521-1531) (1531-1536) (1536-1540) (1540-1572)

MAHARANA PRATAP SINGH

(1572-1597)

MAHARAJA JAGAT SINGH I RANA KARAN SINGH RANA AMAR SINGH I

(1628-1654) (1620-1628) (1597-1620)

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Kumbhalgarh

MAHARAJA JAGAT SINGH I

(1628-1654)

MAHARAJA RAJ SINGH I MAHARAJA JAI SINGH MAHARANA AMAR SINGH II MAHARANA SANGRAM SINGH II
(1654-1680) (1681-1698) (1698-1710) (1710-1734)

MAHARANA JAGAT SINGH II MAHARANA PRATAP SINGH II

(1734-1751) (1752-1755)

MAHARANA RAJ SINGH II MAHARANA ARI SINGH II

(1755-1762) (1761-1773)

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Kumbhalgarh

MAHARANA ARI SINGH II

(1761-1773)

MAHARANA HAMIR SINGH II MAHARANA BHIM SINGH

(1772-1778) (1778- 1828)

MAHARANA SHAMBHU SINGH HARANA SWAROOP SINGH MAHARANA JAWAN SINGH

(1861-1874) (1842-1861) (1828-1838)

MAHARANA SAJJAN SINGH

(1874-1888) MAHARANA FATEH SINGH
(1884-1930)

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Kumbhalgarh
Site plan ,WORLD HERITAGE SITE INCLUDE IN HILL
FORTS OF RAJASTHAN
kumbhalgarh fort
locatioN
-IT IS A MEWAR FORTRESS ON THE WESTERLY RANGE OF ARAVALLI HILLS,IN KELWADA TEHSIL,RAJASMAND
DISTRICT,RAJASTHAN STATE ,IN WESTERN INDIA.
-KUMBHALGARH: (Lat. 25º 09' N; Long. 73º 36' E) .
Transportation
BY ROAD
-64 KM NORTHWEST OF UDAIPUR BY ROAD.
-6KM FROM KELWARA TEHSIL.
BY RAILWAY
-FALNA RAILWAY STATION ,NEAREST RAILWAY STATION 84 KMS.
-104 KM DISTANCE FROM UDAIPUR RAILWAY STATION.
BY AeROPLANE
-NEAREST AIRPORT, MAHARANA PRATAP AIRPORT,UDAIPUR 117KM .
-JODHPUR AIRPORT 178 KM.
MAP OF KUMBHALGARH FORT

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Kumbhalgarh
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
•Semi-arid type of climate.
•The temperature at Kumbhalgarh ,
•SUMMER: 25ºC- 42ºC during the summer season varies 2ºC,
•The day and night temperatures rise rapidly from February to May, May is the hottest month of the year , mean daily maximum
temperature of 38.6ºC.
•WINTER:maximum of 22ºC during the winter season.
•winter season sets in after about the middle of November
•both day and night temperatures begin to drop steadily up to the month of January
•January is the coldest month with mean daily minimum temperature of 7.8ºC.
•MONSOON;southwest monsoon arrives in the district both day and night temperatures start decreasing appreciably.
•The night temperature, however, continues to fall gradually. The day temperature also starts falling in November
•The ideal time within the months of September to March, After March it gets a little too hot , During monsoon the climate is
quite humid.
•The annual total rainfall averages around 88 cm.
•Annual Rainfall Data (2001-2011)
•Station 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Average
•Kumbhalgarh 1266 669 1464 373 822 926 788 502 401 1077 909 836.09
•The highest average annual rainfall has been 836.09 mm at Kumbhalgarh
• People living in Kumbhalgarh prefer wearing light tropical clothes for summer and woolen clothes for winter. Girls are often
seen wearing ghaghras and guys in dhotis.
•The STD code for Kumbhalgarh, Kelwara, Rajasthan is 02954.
•relative humidity is generally low except during southwest monsoon season.
•Highest relative humidity (81%) is recorded in the month of April.
•The summer season is the driest part of the year.
•WINDS: Winds are generally light with some strengthening in the later half of summer and southwest monsoon season.
• from May to September, winds blow from directions between south and west.

AREA OF FORT
-103.14 SQ.KM

PLACES WE VISITED
-ganesha temple,lakshmi temple ,nilkanth mahadev temple,badal mahal,kumbha palace,52 canopy bawan devri,jain temple
1,2,badwa bawri etc.

ABOUT FORT
-About 84 fortresses defending mewar from its enemies out of 84 rana kumbha, himself,has designed 32 forts ,one of it is
kumbhalgarh fort .it is most impressive and famous.
-Built in 15 th century by rana kumbha and enlarged throughout 19th century.
-The perimeter of the wall that surrounds the fort extends to 36 kms and is 15 -25 feet thick wall making it the second largest
wall in asia afeter great wall of china.nowdays 10.30 km wall is in good condition.

``
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Kumbhalgarh
.
WILD LIFE SANCTURY
-THE FORT COVERED FROM ALL SIDES WITH WILD LIFE SANCTURY OF
AREA 578SQ.KM
EXTENDS ACROSS ARAVALLI RANGE.
-RANGING FROM 500 TO 1,300 METRES.
ANIMALS
-THE WILD LIFE INCLUDES LEOPARDS,SLOTH
BEAR,PANTHER,WOLF,HYENA,NILGAI
SAMBA BEAR,WILD BOAR, JACKAL,CHAUSINGHA,(FOUR HORNED
ANTELOPE)
CHINKARA,HARE,JUNGLE CATSCROCODILES AND WATER FOWL CAN BE
SEEN AT
THANDI BERI LAKE.
BIRDS
LANGUAGE
RAJASTHANI,HINDI,ENGLISH USED TO SPEAK BY LOCAL TOUR GUIDES.
TRIBES
BHILS ,GRASIA,KATHODI,RAJPUT AND MUSLIM CASTE .
OCCUPATION
FAMERS,TOR AGENTS ,TRADERS,HOTEL BUSSINESSMAN,SAFARI
AGENTS.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
FARMING TOURIST PLACE ,HOTEL BUSSINESS,SAFARI BUSSINESS.
SURROUNDING PLACES
RANKPUR JAIN TEMPLES,GHANERAO ROYAL CASTLE,RAJASMAND
LAKE,HALDIGHATI,MUNCHCHALA MAHAVIR TEMPLE
QUILA KUMBHALGARH DATA
•Particulars Total Male Female
•Total No. of Houses 85 --
•Population 363 179 184
•Child (0-6) 67 28 39
•Schedule Caste 1 1 0
•Schedule Tribe 234 116 118
•Literacy 61.49 % 78.81 % 43.45 %
•Total Workers 197 109 88
•Main Worker 185 0 0
•Marginal Worker 12 4 8

•In Qila Kumbhalgarh village out of total population, 197 were

engaged in work activities.
•93.91 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment
or Earning more than 6 Months)
•While 6.09 % were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood
for less than 6 months.
•Of 197 workers engaged in Main Work, 145 were cultivators (owner
or co-owner)

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 story of
Kumbhalgarh
introduction
The gateways of kumbhal garh fort makes it the impenetrable fortress.
This fort has 7 massive gateways.
1. Halla pol
2. Hanuman pol
3. Ram pol
4. Vijay pol
5. Bhairav pol
6. Nimbu pol
7. Pagda pol

Halla pol
The entrance to the fort is from south through HALLA POL.
This pol is then followed by hanuman pol, ram pol, vijay pol, bhairav
pol, nimbu pol and at last pagda pol.
It appears that during an enemy attack the guards of this gate could alert
the other guards by making the loud caution.
The caution is halla hence the pol is known as halla pol.

Key features Bastions

The gate is very large and magnificient with adequate rooms for
the guards on both the sides with very strong structure called
bastions.
It is the very strong structure in defense point of view.

Detail work

Elevation

There are someparts

of these pols which
needs to be
conserved .
They have been
damaged due to
enemy attacks which
attacked on fort.
Entabulature

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Kumbhalgarh
Hanuman pol
Just a close distance from badshai bawdi we find this magnificient gate
called HANUMAN POL.
This pol comes after halla pol.
The path to hanuman pol follows zig zag pattern.

The gate got its name as hanuman pole due to the idol of lord hanuman
placed in front of gate which was brought from mandore, jodhpur by
maharana kumbha himself.

We can find the description about the construction of this gate in the
inscription written on tower of fame (kirtistambha).

Detail work Outer view

View of hanuman pol from inside .The material used is local

Plaster of walls coming out of walls.
stone available there.
Square holes in walls to peep out and keep check on enemies.
A beautiful example of symmetry.

Elevation
Inner view
Sketches of hanuman pol

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LAXMI NARAYAN TEMPLE
Next to the Ganesha temple is the Laxmi Narayan
temple.
This temple is dedicated to lord Vishnu and his wife
goddess Laxmi.

Location map

Lakshmi Narayan temple

Entrance

Garbha griha on the west side with a canopy on top of it.

Spout
DOME

Having a symmetrical plan. The temple

has two parts, garbh griha and a mandapa .
South facade
Interior
These temples in Kumbhalgarh were highly
inspired by Jain architecture.

DOME

ROOF plan plan Ceiling

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Vedic complex

BUILT BY MAHA RANA KHUMBA IN

1457AD

CONSTRUCTED TO PERFORM SOME

RITUALS AFTER COMPLETION OF FORT
AND PALACES.

Maharana kumbha

SITTING AREA RAM POL

PARKING

ON EAST SIDE THERE IS

DOUBLED STOREY TEMPLE
HAVING 36 OCTAGONAL SHAPED
PILLARS AND DOME ON THE
TOP.
1. KALI TEMPLE
2. VEDI TEMPLE
3. VEDI Doubled storey complex
VEDI
3
DOME
1
2

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

VEDIC TEMPLE IS HAVING ENTRANCE FROM ALL
FOUR DIRECTIONS
AND HAVING OCTAGONAL COVERED

COURTYARD IN THE MIDDLE OF TEMPLE .

1ST AND 2ND FLOOR PLAN TERRACE PLAN

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Kumbhalgarh
Shiva temple
Shiva temple was built by Maharaja Khumba.It is
famous for its 4-5 feet high Shivling, which was
constructed according to the height of Maharana
Kumbha.Shiv temple of Kumbhalgarh have different
type of architecture, There are many carved stone
pillars in the Shiv temple people says that the shiv-ling
of this temple has made with [Kasoti Stone] which is
used to test real gold.

Key features
→It has a colonnade structure.
→It has 28 columns
→The whole structure is made up of stone.
→It has six onion shaped dome.
→It is inspired by Greek architecture.

Plan
→The dimension of a single column is 2’11” X 3’
→ The Central nave is 6’7” wide

LOCATION MAP

8’8
3’3” 4’9” 6’7”
3’4”
3’6”
4’6”
Shiv linga
6’4”
4’4”
3’6”

DETAIL OF A COLUMN
COLUMN PLACEMENT
PLANNING OF SHIVA TEMPLE

→ The height of Shivling is 4’ 5”.

→ There were 3 entrances to the Garbhagriha.
→ The main entrance of the temple is facing east.

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Kumbhalgarh
Bhairav pol

This is the magnificient and massive gateway which is

beautifully built.

Pointed hooks were used on the doors for defense

purpose from elephants.

Columns made with marble stone

Guards room along with the pol.

Abestos sheets used on roofs.

Vijay pol
Vijay pol is the another
massive gate which is
beautifully constructed .
It was the main gate
which was used before
the construction of other
gates at ancient time.

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BADAL MAHAL
Badal Mahal is the highest point in the Kumbhal Fort.
Famously known as the 'Palace of Clouds'. It is located
at the top of the Kumbhalgarh Fort. Badal Mahal is a
two storey palace. Whole building of the palace is
parted into two interconnected mahal called the
“Mardana Mahal” and the “Zanana Mahal”.Badal LOCATION MAP
Mahal has the well painted rooms which are painted
with pastel-coloured murals, representing the period of
the 19th century. Place rooms has turquoise, green and
white colour schemes on its wall.

Key features
→Badal Mahal is a merge of both Rajputana and
Mugal architecture.
→The palace is divided into 2 parts-
1.The Zana mahal 2.The Mardna mahal.
→The queen's chamber was the most secure part
of the palace.
→It had stone jallis from were the queen use to
watch the court proceedings and other events. This structure consist of
mughal arches at the base and
a chatri at the top with islamic

Plan
carvings.
In this structure the arches
The use of mugal arches
were adopted from mughal
In the interior of the
→The palace has a symmetrical plan with 4 balaster in palace
architecture while the chatri at
octagonal shape (5’ length of each side) in every corner the top is an element of rajputana
architecture.
of the palace.
→The thickness of the outer walls were 3'-6" and
the thickness of the partition wall is 2'.
→The courtyard was rectangular in plan having
dimensions 68'-10"x51'-10"

Balaster

interior
Mardana Mahal Zanana Mahal

Entry Entry

Rooms were painted in There were many beautiful

green, paintings of animals
turquoise and white. mainly elephants below the
sill level on the walls.

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Kumbhalgarh
DETAIL OF PLAN

COURTYARD

TEMPLE MARDANA
ZANANA MAHAL
MAHAL
COURTYARD
OF JANANA MAHAL

FEATURES
• The dimension of courtyard is
WORKING 51*68’
SERVANT PLACE • There was a tulsi plant at the
BALASTER ROOM
centre of the courtyard
• At the corner of the courtyard
OCTAGONAL IN there was a Bhairav temple.
SHAPE HAVING QUEENS
EACH SIDE OF 5’ CHAMBER
The door nobs were made in
KINGS the form of a lion's
head with a metallic ring

CHAMBER BHAIRAV held in there mouths

which enable one to knock
the doors.

THE CHAMBER TEMPLE

CONSIST OF THREE
ROOMS.
The windows were made of
teak wood and had
uniquely engineered
shutters

STAIRCASE

PLAN

SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW

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Kumbha Palace
It is constructed by Maharana Kumbha in 15th century in Mewar. the
Kumbha Mahal depicts the true strength of the Mewar. the magnanimous
structure is one of the purest example of indo-islamic architecture.
It is also the birth place of Maharana Pratap.

Key features
The palace has two parts ,the mardana (men's) palace and the
zenana(women's) palace separated by corridor.
It is a two storeyed structure consisting of two rooms , a corridor and an
open space in the front of the zenana palace.
The separation of the Mardana and Zenana palace was because of the
indian culture called “Parda Pratha”,in which the male and female
chambers are separated.
The courtyard facing the zenana palace has a circular temple in the corner
for the women.
There is another temple in kumbha mahal beside the Mardana palace
called Ganesh temple.
The temple has a marble flooring with inscriptions written in sanskrit.

plan
Sketch of ruined area

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MARDANA PALACE
It has 9 rooms.
There is a temple beside the Mardana palace,it is called Ganesh temple.
The males of that dynasty lives in the Mardana palace.
The main entrance of the Kumbha Palace was from the Mardana palace so that when visiters came they get into mardana
Palace and then if needed they may go to the Janana palace.
The height of the Mardana palace is approx 7.5 meters
There is a corridor which leads to the zenana palace.

Rooms case

INTERIOR OF A ROOM

The size of the Mardana palace is greater than the zenana palace.
In the centre of the courtyard there is a sitting area around a
tree,men used to sit there in the evening.

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ZENANA PALACE
Zanana palace includes of palace of the queen jhali called jhalia ka malia wher the women live.
Jhalia ka maila is the birth place of Maharana Pratap .
It is a two storey building with two rooms,a corridor and a open courtyard.
Window provided in the zanana place is in the north side for better light and air circulation.
This palace is made up of rubble stone with simple plain walls and flat roof.
There is a small temple inside the zenana palace.

Open courtyard chamber on wall Window Door

Queen’s bedroom Staircase in first floor staircase in ground floor

• rain water drain

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Kumbhalgarh
introduction
52 canopies is JAIN TEMPLE which was constructed under the rule of
rana samprati
There are remmanants of a grand edifice in the name of 52 (bawan) jain
temples .
The fine sculptures engraved on its outer walls highly enchant the visitors
even today .
The main entrance gate is is in the north side .
One big and 52 small temples were built in this yard .
Forty out of these 52 temples do not have idols .

Construction details Location : at a distance of 2km from neel

kanth mahadev temple towards forest
It is rectangular plan having inner dimension 128’2” x 68’3”. sides
The temple was constructed in grid pattern.
There was atrium in the centre 104’2” x 43’2”
There was a running corridor of width 8’1”.
There were no. of columns of size 1’1” x 1’1”.
There are 50 small canopies and 2 huge canopies .

plan

Key features
We can find beautiful stone carvings ATRIUM ENTRANCE
Columns were assembled from three parts.
1. The base
2. The shaft
3. The entabulature
The dome of this temple were coffered
Stone was used as raw material

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pictures

Detailed click of the main

shrine of 52 canopies jain
temple

kalasha

amalaka

capital

chappra

Carvings on
column

shaft

Sketches of detaling of columns

bada shaft and capitals

It has been made

completely on
human
proportion.

Capital of column Canopy

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Kumbhalgarh
bavdi
Bavdi is a rajasthani word for stepped well.
There are many bavdis in the Kumbhalgarh fort for example
Badshai Bavdi and Rana Bavdi
Badshai Bavdi is situated beside the road to the fort after
passing the Halla pol and the Rana pol which was used for the water
supply during the ancient time is situated on the northern slope from the
ram pol,a steep road which leads o the rana bavdi

Key features
About the Badshai Bavdi,Shabhaz Khan,a Mughal ruler was sent by
Akbar to defeat and capture Prathap.
Shabhaz built this bavdi to provide water for his troops which took
shelter near the fort Location map of bavdi
These bavdis are narrow at the opening and wider at the rearside.
And now,these bavdis are used for feeding cattles and for irrigation

architectural
features
Badshai bavdi is built with stones
and a very fine specimen of architecture of the medieval period
Rana bavdi is also built with stones and this bavdi is constructed beautifully
within the area approximately equal to 3400 sq ft

bandh Interior stone structure

of badshai bavdi
Bandh means dam in hindi.
This dam was the main source of water supply
to kumbhalgarh during the olden days.This
dam is situated on northern slope of
kumbhalgarh fort.There is a steep road from
Ram pol which leads to this dam.
Now this dam is just a monument. Plan of Rana bavdi

Aerial view of rana bavdi on the nprthern

side

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CONCLUSION
RAJASTHAN IS HOME TO A FOTERSS WITH THE SECOND LONGEST WALL
AFTER THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA AND PEOPLE IN INDIA ARE HARDLY
AWARE OF ITS NAME.

WE OPTED THIS FOTRESS TO CREATE AWARNESS OF ITS EXISTENCE.

HOW IS CREATING AWARNESS A PART OF CONSERVATION ?

CREATING AWARNESS IS ESSENTIAL TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF

TOURISTS VISITING THE FORT WHICH WOULD THUS INCREASE THE
FUNDS NECESSARY FOR ITS CONSERVATION.

THERE ARE A FEW PARTS OF THE FORT WHICH ARE BEING RENOVATED
BUT THERE HASN’T BEEN ANY MAJOR CONSERVATION PROGRAM YET.

RENOVATING THE FORT WITH MODERN MATERIALS LIKE CEMENT, BRICK

AND TIMBER WOULD MAKE IT LOOSE ITS OLD CHARM AND THUS THE
FORT NEEDS TO BE CONSERVED THE WAY IT WAS .

THE FORT CONSISTS OF ONLY ONE DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND TWO
RETAIL SHOPS BUT AS THE FORT IS HUGE AND THE STRUCTURES WITHIN
ITS FORTIFICATIONS ARE SPREAD OUT IT BECOMES DIFFICULT FOR
TOURISTS TO COVER THE WHOLE FORT IN THE SCORCHING HEAT OF THE
SUN WITH THESE MINIMAL SUPPLIES. THUS MORE RETAIL SHOPS AND
DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES AND OTHER NECESSARY FACILITIES SHOULD
BE SETUP.

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