Homework 7

PHIL 150
due November 13, 2018
1. For each sentence, say whether it is true or false about the set of the natural
numbers N = {0, 1, 2, 3 . . .}. Explain your answer.

(a) ∀x∃y(x < y)

(b) ∀x∃y(y < x)
(c) ∃y∀x(y < x ∨ y = x)
(d) ∀x∀y∃z∃w((x + y) = z ∧ (x + y) = w)
(e) ∀x∀y∀z∀w(((x + y) = z ∧ (x + y) = w) → z = w)
(f) ∃x∃y(x < y ∧ ∀z(z < y → x = z))

2. Using only the quantifiers ∀ and ∃, the function symbols + and ×, the sym-
bol = for identity, the Boolean connectives ∧, ∨, and ¬, and numerals like
1, 2, 3. . . , give translations of each of the following sentences into predicate
logic. (Assume that the domain of your quantifiers is the set of the natural
numbers N = {0, 1, 2, 3 . . .}.)

(a) Twelve is even.

(b) Twelve is a prime number.
(c) Every number is either odd or even.

*3 Extra Credit: Using the constraints in question 2, translate the following

sentence into predicate logic:

Every even number is the sum of two primes.

(If you provide a valid proof of that the translated sentence is true, or a valid
proof that the translated sentence is false, I will give you an A for the entire
course.)