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Abstract-Ka-band spectrum is relatively abundant and was backed by a metal cavity, yielding a large bandwidth [3].
therefore attractive for services of satellite communication, One study [4] presented a slot-fed stacked patch antenna, with
targeting radar, and wireless broadband access technologies. antenna feeding performed differentially via two pins. Another
However, Ka-band patch antenna is difficult in realization investigation [5] proposed a novel waveguide-to-microstrip
because the accurate manufacturing is indeed a challenge in transition to couple the stacked patch antenna array to the
obtaining excellent antenna performance at such high
transceiver module at 40 GHz. However, the design of a
frequencies. This study develops three patch antenna arrays for
compact stacked patch antenna array with large bandwidth and
operation at 28 GHz. Two of the three patch arrays with 2x2 and high gain is an ongoing challenge.
4x1 patches, respectively, are realized on microwave printed
In this study, three 28-GHz patch antenna arrays are
circuit boards (PCBs). The experimental PCB patch arrays have
designed for applications of local multipoint distribution
bandwidths up to 5.7% and gains up to 13 dBi. Another 2x2
service (LMDS). Two of them with 2x2 and 4xl patches,
stacked-patch antenna array is fabricated with low temperature
respectively, are realized on microwave printed circuit boards.
co-fired ceramic (L TCC) technology for further bandwidth
The experimental PCB patch arrays have bandwidths up to
enhancement. This LTCC stacked-patch array comprises a novel
opposite-side feeding structure to prevent any electrical effect on
5.7% and gains up to 13 dBi. Another 2x2 stacked-patch
the parasitic patch. A measured gain of 10.35 dBi and a wide antenna array is fabricated on L TCC substrates for bandwidth
bandwidth of 10.1% (26.75-29.6 GHz) are achieved. enhancement, achieving a wide bandwidth of up to 10.1%, with
a superior gain of 10.35 dBi.
Keywords- Stacked patch antenna, patch antenna array, LTCC
patch antenna, Ka-band antenna.
II. 2x2 AND 4x1 PATCH ANTENNA ARRARS WITH PCBs
1. INTRODUCTION For the preliminary design, two 28-GHz A/2 patch antenna
arrays with 2x2 and 4xl patches, respectively, on microwave
Ka-band communication systems in 26.5-40 GHz bands
printed circuit boards were developed. Figure 1 shows the
are being developed for use in satellite communications,
schematic of the 2x2 patch array with PCB substrate of Cr =
�
- 25 f-----!--:---j
Array 70 n 50 n 41.83 35J5 35 n 25 n Inset
-30 '--'-��L...��.L.�_'__'_�_'_�'-'-' Spacing n n
� � V U � w n
Length (mm) 3.74 2.6 5.74 I 0.9 OJ OJ 0.3
Frequency [GHz)
Width (mm) - 0.2 0.43 0.68 0.92 0.94 1.58 0.2
Fig. 2. Simulated and measured SII responses of the PCB 2x2 patch array.
""
(a) (b)
Fig. 3. Simulated and measured radiation patterns of the PCB 2x2 patch (a)
antenna array: (a) E-plane and (b) H-plane. -Co-Pol. (mea.), Cross-Pol.
Parasitic patch
•••
I
f-! 3.74mm �
0.08
Main patch
It I 0.16
I Ground
(b)
g. 6. Single stacked-patch element: (a) 3D schematic structure and (b) cross
ctional configuration.
14
12
�10
�
7mm
-B '"
,,
-0 • J/ ,
.� ,. ,
6 ,
-0
,.; •
0
o:s ,.
Fig. 4. Schematic and photo of the PCB 4x I patch antenna array with parallel CO 4
,/ L2
feeding network.
�;
0
2 2.5 3.5 4 4.5 5.5
W2 (mm)
Fig. 7. Bandwidth versus width of parasitic patches, W2 for various lengths,L2.
(a)
Fig. 5. Simulated and measured radiation patterns of the PCB 4xl patch
antenna array: (a) E-plane and (b) H-plane. -Co-Pol. (mea.), Cross-Pol.
•••
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impedance of the main patch. Figure 7 plots the antenna
bandwidth against the width of parasitic patches W2 with
various lengths L2, but fixed h2 0.6 mm. As shown in Fig. 7,
co -5
=
"0
'--"-10
the bandwidth increases with W2 and L2 when W2 < 3.7 mm.
Figure 7 reveals that the maximum bandwidth of 12.6% is
� - 15 � � ""'"
achieved when W2 3.645 mm and L2 1.22 mm.
o(! -20 "- ,/ " = =
"2.-25
V> ' / To test the performance of the antennas, the embedded feed
-30 l--sl:1
--S21
\I line of the main patch must be drawn out from within the
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bandwidth enhancement, the stacked patch structure is applied
with L TCC substrate. Wideband performance is achieved by
varying the dimensions of the parasitic patch. This
investigation also develops a novel opposite-side feeding
structure for interconnection. The design concept was
demonstrated by fabricating an LTCC 2x2 stacked patch array 270 �+-':-f�t-*�':"::"-*
-iIf--j' � 270 f-+41b...�:-::-F+.'*
F--1 'io
that yielded a bandwidth of 10.1% and a gain of 10.35 dBi.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
180 180
This work was partially supported by the National Science
(a) (b)
Council, Taiwan, (NSC 99-2221-E-182-033) and
Fig. II. Simulated and measured radiation patterns of the LTCC stacked-patch
Chang Gung University, Taiwan, (UERPD290051).
array: (a) E-plane and (b) H-plane. -Co-Pol. (mea.), Cross-Pol. (mea.),
•• •
The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of Co-Pol. (sim.) ,
_. _. -
Cro s s- Pol. ( s im.)
........
Ground
Ground
via
0.48 '
Feed line
(a) (b)
Fig. 12. (a) Top-view photograph and (b) bottom-view photograph, of the
fabricated LTCC 2x2 stacked patch antenna array with an attached K end
launch connector for testing.
Unit : n1l11
(a)
REFERENCES
Parasitic patch Ground
[I] L. Rong Lin, G. Dejean, M. Moonkyun, L. Kyutae, S. Pinel, M. M.
f Ground
I I
I
I Tentzeris, and 1. Laskar, "Design of compact stacked-patch antennas in
LTCC multilayer packaging modules for wireless applications," IEEE
-
[5] W. Byun, Bong-Su Kim, K.-S. Kim, and M.-S. Song, "LTCC microstrip
patch array antenna with WR-22 feeding structure for an integrated
-5�------� transceiver module," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society
Symposium, 1495-1498,2006.
Fig. 10. Simulated and measured Sl1 responses of the LTCC 2x2 stacked-patch [9] Y. P. Zhang and D. Liu, "Antenna-on-chip and antenna-in-package
antenna array. solutions to highly integrated millimeter-wave devices for wireless
communications," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 57, 2830-2841,
2009.
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