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Y
at T0 and p 0 and ft1 and ft2 are fugacities of species in the mixture at T0 , p 0 . If the
N
mixture is ideal then W is
(B) − RT0 6y1 ln y1 + y2 ln y2@
PA
(A) 0
(C) RT0 6y1 ln y1 + y2 ln y2@ (D) RT0
M
Q. 2 The partial molar enthalpies of mixing (in J/mol) for benzene (component 1) and
O
cyclohexane (component 2) at 300 K and 1 bar are given by ∆H 1 = 3600 x 22 and
∆H 2 = 3600 x 12 , where x1 and x2 are the mole fractions. When 1 mol of benzene is
(A) 3600 C
added to 2 mol of cyclohexane, the enthalphy change (in joule) is
(B) 2400
(C) 2000
& (D) 800
IA
Q. 3 1 mol of methane is contained in a leak proof piston-cylinder assembly at 8 bar
D
and 1000 K. The gas undergoes isothermal expansion to 4 bar under reversible
conditions. Methane can be considered as an ideal gas under these conditions.
O
The value of universal gas constant is 8.314 J/mol-K. The heat transferred (in
N
kJ) during the process is
(A) 11.52 (B) 5.76
©
(C) 4.15 (D) 2.38
. The vapour pressures of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene at 323 K are 36.9
kPa and 12.3 kPa respectively. Assuming that the vapour phase is ideal, the
equilibrium pressure (in kPa) of a liquid mixture containing 90 mol% toluene is
(A) 19 (B) 18
(C) 16 (D) 15
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
Q. 5 A new linear temperature scale, denoted by ºS, has been developed, where the
freezing point of water is 200ºS and the boiling point is 400ºS. On this scale,
500ºS corresponds, in degree celsius to
(A) 100ºC (B) 125ºC
(C) 150ºC (D) 300ºC
Q. 6 A saturated liquid at 1500 kPa and 500 K, with an enthalpy of 750 kJ/kg is
throttled to a liquid-vapour mixture at 150 kPa and 300 K. At the exit conditions,
the enthalpy of the saturated liquid is 500 kJ/kg and the enthalpy of the saturated
vapour is 2500 kJ/kg. The percentage of the original liquid, which vaporizes, is
Y
(A) 87.5% (B) 67%
N
(C) 12.5% (D) 10%
Year 2010
PA TWo Marks
M
Q. 7 For a binary mixture at constant temperature and pressure, which one of the
following relations between activity coefficient ^γ i h and mole fraction ^xi h is
O
C
thermodynamically consistent?
(A) ln γ 1 =− 1 + 2x1 − x 12 , ln γ 2 = 1 x 12
2
2
&
(B) ln γ 1 =−+ 2x1 − x , ln γ 2 = x
1
2
1
IA
(C) ln γ 1 =− 1 + 2x1 − x , ln γ 2 =− 1 x 12
2
1
2
D
(D) ln γ 1 =− 1 + 2x1 − x 12 , ln γ 2 =− x 12
O
Common Data For N Questions 8 and 9 :
©
An ideal gas with molar heat capacity C p = 25 R (where, R = 8.314 J/mol-K) is compressed
adiabatically from 1 bar and 300 K to pressure p2 in closed system. The final temperature
after compression is 600 K and the mechanical efficiency of compression is 50%.
Q. 8 The final pressure p2 (in bar) is
(A) 23/4 (B) 25/4
(C) 23/2 (D) 25/2
Q. 11 For a Carnot refrigerator operating between 40ºC and 25ºC, the coefficient of
performance is
(A) 1 (B) 1.67
(C) 19.88 (D) 39.74
Q. 12 The work done by one mole of a van der Waals fluid undergoing reversible
isothermal expansion from initial volume Vi to final volume Vf , is
(A) RT ln c V m
Vf
i
(B) RT ln c V - b m
Vf - b
i
(C) RT ln c V - b m - a cVf - Vi m
Vf - b 1 1
i
(D) RT ln c V − b m + a cVf − Vi m
Vf − b 1 1
Y
N
i
Year 2008
PA Two Marks
M
Q. 13 The standard Gibbs free energy and enthalpy change at 25ºC for the liquid phase
reaction CH 3 COOH ^ l h + C 2 H 5 OH ^ l h " CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 ^ l h + H 2 O ^ l h are given
o
as ∆G 298 =− 4650 J/mol and ∆H 298 o
O
=− 3640 J/mol . If the solution is ideal and
(A) 0.65 C
enthalpy change is assumed to be constant, the equilibrium constant at 95ºC is
(B) 4.94
(C) 6.54
& (D) 8.65
IA
D
Statement For Linked Answer Q 14 and 15 :
O
A binary mixture containing species 1 and 2 forms an azeotrope at 105.4ºC and 1.013
bar. The liquid phase mole fraction of component 1 ^x1h of this azeotrope is 0.62. At
N
105.4ºC, the pure component vapor pressures for species 1 and 2 are 0.878 bar and 0.665
©
bar, respectively. Assume that the vapour phase is an ideal gas mixture. The van Laar
constants, A and B , are given by the expressions
A = ;1 + x ln g E ln g 1 , B = ;1 + x ln g E ln g 2
x2 ln g 2 2 x1 ln g 1 2
1 1 2 2
Q. 16 If TA and TB are the boiling points of pure A and pure B respectively, and TAB is
that of a non-homogeneous immiscible mixture of A and B , then
(A) TAB < TA and TB (B) TAB > TA and TB
(C) TA > TAB > TB (D) TB > TAB > TA
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
Q. 17 The state of an ideal gas is changed from ^T1, p1h to ^T2, p2h in a constant volume
process. To calculate the change in enthalpy, ∆h , which of the following properties/
variables are required?
(A) CV , p1, p2 (B) C p, T1, T2
(C) C p, T1, T2, p1, p2 (D) CV , p1, p2, T1, T2
Q. 18 The change in entropy of the system ∆S sys , undergoing a cyclic irreversible process
is
(A) greater than zero
(B) less than zero
(C) equal to zero
Y
(D) equal to the ∆S surrounding
Q. 19
N
Parameters a and b in the van der Waals and other cubic equations of state
represent
(A) a -molecular weight, b-molecular polarity
PA
M
(B) a -molecular size, b-molecular attraction
O
(C) a -molecular size, b-molecular speed
C
(D) a -molecular attraction, b-molecular size
Year 2007
& Two Marks
IA
Q. 20 For the two paths as shown in the figure, one reversible and one irreversible, to
change the state of the system from a to b
D
O
N
©
(A) ∆U, Q, W are same (B) ∆U , same
(C) Q, W are same (D) ∆U, Q are different
Q. 21 For a pure substance, the Maxwell’s relation obtained from the fundamental
property relation
dU = TdS − pdV is
(A) ^2T/2V hS =−^2p/2S hV (B) ^2p/2T hV = ^2S/2V hT
(C) ^2T/2p hS = ^2V/2S hp (D) ^2V/2T hp =−^2S/2p hT
Q. 22 Which of the following represents the Carnot cycle (ideal engine)?
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
Y
(A) 0 kJ (B) 230 kJ
(C) 334 kJ (D) 388 kJ
N
A
Q. 24 Vapour phase hydration of C 2 H 4 to ethanol by the following reaction
C 2 H 4 ^g h + H 2 O ^g h C 2 H 5 OH ^g h
P
M
attains equilibrium at 400 K and 3 bar. The standard Gibbs free energy change
of reaction at these conditions is ∆Gc = 4000 J/mol . For 2 mol of an equimolar
O
feed of ethylene and steam, the equation in terms of the extent of reaction ε (in
C
mol) at equilibrium is
e ^2 − eh ^1 − eh2
&
e ^2 − eh
− = − 0.9 = 0
^1 − eh2
(A) 0 . 3 0 (B)
e ^2 − eh
IA
(C) e − 0.3 = 0 (D)
^1 − eh ^1 − eh
− 0.9 = 0
D
O
Statement For Linked Answer Q 25 and 26 :
Q. 25
N
A methanol-water vapour liquid system is at equilibrium at 60ºC and 60 kPa. the
©
mole fraction of methanol in liquid is 0.5 and in vapour is 0.8. Vapour pressure
of methanol and water at 60ºC are 85 kPa and 20 kPa respectively. Assuming
vapour phase to be an ideal gas mixture, what is the activity coefficient of water
in the liquid phase?
(A) 0.3 (B) 1.2
(C) 1.6 (D) 7.5
Q. 26 What is the excess Gibbs free energy (GE , in J/mol) of the liquid mixture?
(A) 9.7 (B) 388
(C) 422 (D) 3227
Q. 27 A perfectly insulated cylinder of volume 0.6 m3 is initially divided into two parts
by a thin, frictionless piston, as shown in the figure. The smaller part of volume
0.2 m3 has ideal gas at 6 bar pressure at 100ºC. The other part is evacuated.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
At certain instant of time t , the stopper is removed and the piston moves out
freely to the other end. The final temperature is
(A) –140ºC (B) –33ºC
(C) 33ºC (D) 100ºC
Y
N
Q. 28 The cylinder insulation is now removed and the piston is pushed back to restore
A
the system to its initial state. If this is to be achieved only by doing work on the
P
system (no heat addition, only heat removal allowed). What is the minimum work
required?
M
(A) 3.4 kJ (B) 107 kJ
O
(C) 132 kJ (D) 240 kJ
Q. 29
&
A heat engine operates at 75% of the maximum possible efficiency. The ratio of
IA
the heat source temperature (in kelvin) to the heat sink temperature (in kelvin)
is 5/3. The fraction of the heat supplied that is converted to work is
(A) 0.2
D (B) 0.3
(C) 0.4
O (D) 0.6
Q. 30
N
For the isentropic expansion of an ideal gas from the initial conditions p1 , T1 to the
final conditions p2 , T2 which one of the following relations is valid? ^γ = CP /CV h
©
(A) b p l = bT1 l (B)
p1
2
T2 γ
b p l = bT l
p1
2
g
T1 g − 1
2
g−1
Q. 33 Pure A at 200ºC is fed to a steady state adiabatic continuous reactor at the rate
of 100 kg/h, where it undergoes an exothermic reaction to give its isomer B . The
product stream is at temperature 500ºC. The heat of reaction is 21 kJ/mol of
A and the specific heat of the reaction mixture is constant at 35 J/mol-ºC. The
conversion in the reactor is
Y
(A) 25% (B) 50%
(C) 75% (D) 100%
N
A
Q. 34 The molar density of water vapour at the normal boiling point of water is
P
33 mol/m3. The compressibility factor under these conditions is close to which
one of the following? R = 8.314 J/mol-K.
(A) 0.75 (B) 1
M
(C) 1.25
O
(D) 1.5
C
&
Year 2005 One Mark
IA
Q. 35 In van der Waals equation of state, what are the criteria applied at the critical
point to determine the parameters a and b?
D
(A) c2V m = 0 ; c 2 m = 0 (B) c2p m = 0 ; e 2 o = 0
2p 22 p 2V 22V
2V T 2p T
O
T T
N V 2T V p 2T p
Q. 36
©
Which one of the following statements is true?
(A) Heat can be fully converted into work
(B) Work cannot be fully converted into heat
(C) The efficiency of heat engine increases as the temperature of the heat
source is increased while keeping the temperature of the heat sink fixed
(D) A cyclic process can be devised whose sole effect is to transfer heat from a
lower temperature to a higher temperature
Q. 37 A Carnot heat engine cycle is working with an ideal gas. The work performed
by the gas during the adiabatic expansion and compression steps W1 and W2
respectively, are related as
(A) W1 > W2 (B) W1 < W2
(C) W1 = W2 (D)
W1 =− W2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
Q. 38 The van Laar activity coefficient model for a binary mixture is given by the form
ln γ 1 = A* B*
2 ; ln γ 2 =
b1 + B * x1 l b1 + A * x2 l
A*x B*x 2
2 1
Q. 39 What is the actual power required to drive a reciprocating air compressor which has
to compress 34 m3 of air per minute from 1.013 # 105 N/m2 to 4.052 # 105 N/m2
Y
? Assume that pV 1.25 is constant, where, p is the pressure and V is the volume,
and the efficiency of the compressor is 85%.
(A) 107.9 kW (B) 200 kW
N
(C) 82.6 kW
A
(D) 91.7 kW
P
Statement For Linked Answer Q 40 and 41 :
M
O
A frictionless cylinder piston assembly contains an ideal gas. Initially pressure ^p1h = 100 kPa
C
, temperature ^T1h = 500 K and volume ^V1h = 700 # 10−6 m3 . This system is supplied with
&
100 J of heat and pressure is maintained constant at 100 kPa. The enthalpy variation is
given by H ^J/molh = 3000 + 50T ; where, T is the temperature in kelvin and the universal
IA
gas constant R = 8.314 J/mol -K.
D
O
N
Q. 40 ©
The final volume of the gas ^V2h in m3 is
(A) 700 # 10-6 (B) 866.32 # 10-6
(C) 934.29 # 10-6 (D) 1000.23 # 10-6
Q. 42 For an ideal gas mixture undergoing a reversible gaseous phase chemical reaction,
the equilibrium constant
(A) is independent of pressure
(B) increases with pressure
(C) decreases with pressure
(D) increases/decreases with pressure depending on the stoichiometric
coefficients of the reaction
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
Q. 43 As pressure approaches zero, the ratio of fugacity to pressure ^ f/p h for a gas
approaches
(A) zero (B) unity
(C) infinity (D) an indeterminate value
Y
Q. 45 A car tyre of volume 0.057 m3 is inflated to 300 kPa at 300 K. After the car is
N
driven for ten hours, the pressure in the tyre increases to 330 kPa. Assume air is
A
an ideal gas and CV for air is 21 J/mol-K. The change in the internal energy for
P
air in the tyre in J/mol is
(A) 380 (B) 630
(C) 760
M
(D) 880
Q. 46
O
A gas obeys p ^V − b h = RT . The work obtained from reversible isothermal
C
expansion of one mole of this gas from an initial molar volume Vi to a final molar
volume Vf is
(A) RT ln c V m (B)
Vf
& RT ln c V m
Vf - b
IA
i i
(C) RT ln cV - b m (D)
RT ln c V - b m
Vf Vf - b
i
D i
Q. 47
O
A cyclic engine exchanges heat with two reservoirs maintained at 100 and 300ºC
N
respectively. The maximum work (in joule) that can be obtained from 1000 J of
©
heat extracted from the hot reservoir is
(A) 349 (B) 651
(C) 667 (D) 1000
Q. 48 At standard conditions,
N 2 + 2O 2 2NO 2 , ∆Gc = 100 kJ/mol
NO + 1 O 2 NO 2 , ∆Gc =− 35 kJ/mol
2
The standard free energy of formation of NO in kJ/mol is
(A) 15 (B) 30
(C) 85 (D) 170
Q. 49 The temperature at which the above mixture will exert a pressure of one standard
atm is
(A) less than 100ºC (B) 100ºC
(C) between 100 and 100ºC (D) 110.6ºC
Q. 50 At a total pressure of one standard atm exerted by the vapours of water and
toluene, the mole fraction of water xw in the vapour phase satisfies
(A) 0 < xw < 0.5 (B) xw = 0.5
(C) 0.5 < xw < 1.0 (D) xw = 1.0
Y
N
Q. 51 For estimation of heat capacity of a solid compound, one can use
(A) Clapeyron equation (B) Gibb’s equation
(C) Kopp’s rule
A
(D) Trouton’s rule
P
M
Q. 52 For organic compounds, Group Contribution Method can be used for estimation
of
(A) critical properties
O
(B) specific gravity
(C) specific volume
C(D) thermal conductivity
&
Q. 53 When dilute aqueous solution of two salts are mixed, the process is associated
with
IA
(A) decrease in temperature
D
(B) increase in temperature
O
(C) no change in temperature
(D) change in temperature which is a function of composition
Q. 54 N
In Joule’s experiments, an insulated container contains 20 kg of water initially at
©
25ºC. It is stirred by an agitator, which is made to turn by a slowly falling body
weighing 40 kg through a height of 4 m. The process is repeated 500 times. The
acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Neglecting the heat capacity of agitator,
the temperature of water (in ºC) is
(A) 40.5 (B) 34.4
(C) 26.8 (D) 25
Q. 56 For water at 300ºC, it has a vapour pressure 8592.7 kPa and fugacity 6738.9 kPa.
Under these conditions, one mole of water in liquid phase has a volume 25.28 cm3
, and that in vapour phase 391.1 cm3 . Fugacity of water (in kPa) at 9000 kPa will
be
(A) 6738.9 (B) 6753.5
(C) 7058.3 (D) 9000
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
Q. 59
PA
The following heat engine produces power of 100000 kW. The heat engine operates
between 800 K and 300 K. It has a thermal efficiency equal to 50% of that of the
M
Carnot engine for the same temperatures. The rate at which heat is absorbed
O
from the hot reservoir is
(A) 100000 kW (B) 160000 kW
(C) 200000 kW
C (D) 320000 kW
&
IA
Q. 60 A steam turbine operates with a superheated steam flowing at 1 kg/s. This steam
is supplied at 441 bar and 500ºC, and discharges at 1.01325 bar and 100ºC.
D
Date: At 41 bar, 500ºC;
O
enthalpy 3443.9 kJ/kg
entropy 7.0785 kJ/kg-K
N
At 41 bar, 251.8ºC;
©
enthalpy of saturated steam 2799.9 kJ/kg
entropy of saturated steam 6.0583 kJ/kg-K
At 1.01325 bar, 100ºC
enthalpy of saturated vapour 2676 kJ/kg
enthalpy of saturated liquid 419.1 kJ/kg
entropy of saturated vapour 7.3554 kJ/kg-K
entropy of saturated liquid 1.3069 kJ/kg-K
The maximum power output (in kW) will be
(A) 644.0 (B) 767.9
(C) 871.3 (D) 3024.8
Q. 61 At 60ºC, vapour pressure of methanol and water are 84.562 kPa and 190953
kPa respectively. An aqueous solution of methanol at 60ºC exerts a pressure of
39.223 kPa ; the liquid phase and vapour phase mole factions of methanol are
0.1686 and 0.5714 respectively. Activity coefficient of methanol is
(A) 1.572 (B) 1.9398
(C) 3.389 (D) 4.238
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
Y
(C) 2263 (D) 540
N
A
Year 2002 One Mark
P
Q. 64 Which of the following conditions are satisfied at the critical point by the p-V-T
M
relation of a real fluid?
(A) c 2 m = c2V m = 0 (B) c 2 m > 0 ; c2V m = 0
22 p 2p 22 p 2p
2V T T
O 2 V T T
&
T T
IA
composition z , at a temperature T and pressure p, is a function only of
(A) T (B) T and p
D
(C) T , p and Z (D) T and Z
Q. 66
O
Which of the following identities can be most easily used to verify stream table
2T N
data for superheated steam
(A) b2V l =−c2S m (B)
2p
c2p m =−b2S l
2T 2V
© 2p
S
2S
T
V
V T
Q. 67 A rigid vessel, containing three moles of nitrogen gas at 30cC , is heated to 250cC
. Assume the average heat capacities of nitrogen to be C p = 29.1 J/mol -ºC and
CV = 20.8 J/mol -ºC. The heat required, neglecting the heat capacity of the vessel,
is
(A) 13728 J (B) 19206 J
(C) 4576 J (D) 12712 J
Q. 69 1 m3 of an ideal gas at 500 K and 1000 kPa expands reversibly to 5 times its
initial volume in an insulated container. If the specific heat capacity (at constant
pressure) of the gas is 21 J/mol -K, the final temperature will be
(A) 35 K (B) 174 K
(C) 274 K (D) 154 K
Q. 71
PA
High pressure stream is expanded adiabatically and reversibly through a well
insulated turbine, which produces some shaft work. If the enthalpy change and
M
entropy change across the turbine are represented by ∆H and ∆S , respectively,
O
for this process
C
(A) ∆H = 0 and ∆S = 0 (B) ∆H =Y 0 and ∆S = 0
(C) ∆H = Y 0 and ∆S =
Y 0 (D) ∆H = 0 and ∆S = Y 0
&
IA
Year 2001 TWo Marks
D
Q. 72 The Maxwell relation derived from the differential expression for the Helmholtz
free energy ^dAh is
(A) b2T l =−c
O
2p
m (B) c2S m =−b2V l
N
2V S 2S V 2p T 2T P
(C) −b2V l = c2T m (D) b2S l = c m
2p
©
2S P 2p S 2V T 2T V
Q. 73 At 100cC water and methyl cyclohexane both have vapur pressures of 1.0
atm. Also at 100cC , the latent heats of vapourization of these compounds are
40.63 kJ/mol for water and 31.55 kJ/mol for methyl cyclohexane. The vapour
pressure of water at 150cC is 4.69 atm. At 150cC , the vapour pressure of methyl
cyclohexane would be expected to be
(A) significantly less than 4.69 atm
(B) nearly equal to 4.69 atm
(C) significantly more than 4.69 atm
(D) indeterminate due to a lack of data
Q. 75 Assume that benzene is insoluble in water. The normal boiling points of benzene
and water are 80.1ºC and 100ºC respectively. At a pressure of 1 atm, the boiling
point of a mixture of benzene and water is
(A) 80.1ºC
(B) less than 80.1ºC
(C) 100ºC
(D) greater than 80.1ºC but less than 100ºC
Y
adiabatic line c2V m and the slope of the reversible isothermal line c2V m are
2p 2p
N
S T
related as
A
2p γ
c m c m c m =c mG
2p 2p 2p
P
(A) 2V = 2V (B) 2V S = 2V T
S T
O
S T S T
Year 2000
C Two Marks
Q. 77
&
The thermal efficiency of reversible heat engine operating between two given
IA
thermal reservoirs is 0.4. The device is used either as a refrigerator or as a heat
pump between the same reservoirs. Then the coefficient of performance as a
refrigerator ^COPhR and the coefficient of performance as a heat pump ^COPhHP
D
O
are
(A) ^COPhR = ^COPhHP = 0.6 (B) ^COPhR = 2.5 ; ^COPhHP = 1.5
N
(C) ^COPhR = 1.5 ; ^COPhHP = 2.5 (D) ^COPhR = ^COPhHP = 2.5
Q. 78
©
At a given temperature, K 1 , K 2 and K 3 are the equilibrium constants for the
following reaction 1, 2 and 3 respectively
CH 4 ^g h + H 2 O ^g h CO ^g h + 3H 2 ^g h
CO ^g h + H 2 O ^g h CO 2 ^g h + H 2 ^g h
CH 4 ^g h + 2H 2 O ^g h CO 2 ^g h + 4H 2 ^g h
Then K 1 , K 2 and K 3 are related as
(A) K 3 = K 1 K 2 (B) K 3 = ^K 1 K 2h0.5
(C) K 3 = K 1 + K 2 (D) K 3 = ^K 1 K 2h2
2
**********
GATE SOLVED PAPER - CH Thermodynamics
ANSWER KEY
Thermodynamics
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(B) (D) (B) (C) (C) (C) (D) (D) (D) (B)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(C) (D) (B) (B) (C) (A) (B) (A) (D) (B)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
(A) (C) (C) (A) (B) (C) (D) (C) (B) (B)
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(D) (C) (B) (B) (A) (C) (D) (B) (A) (B)
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Y
(D) (D) (B) (C) (B) (D) (A) (C) (A) (C)
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
(C) (A) (B) (B) (B) (B) (C)
N
(B) (D) (B)
61
(A)
62
(B)
63
(C)
64
(A)
65
(B)
66
(D)
67
(B)
PA
68
(B)
69
(B)
70
(C)
71 72 73 74 75 76
M 77 78
(B) (D) (C) (A) (D) (C)
O (C) (A)
C
&
IA
D
O
N
©