INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

TREE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

(TSA)

By: Abhijeet Kumar

(BFT/17/335)
Neeraj Dhaka
(BFT/17/139)
TREE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS (TSA)
ERGONOMICS

What is a Tree Structure?

A tree structure or tree diagram is a way of representing the hierarchical nature of
a structure in a graphical form. It is named a "tree structure" because the
classic representation resembles a tree, even though the chart is generally upside
down compared to an actual tree, with the "root" at the top and the "leaves" at the
bottom.

The tree elements are called "nodes". The lines connecting elements are called
"branches". Nodes without children are called leaf nodes, "end-nodes", or "leaves".
Every finite tree structure has a member that has no superior. This member is called
the "root" or root node. The root is the starting node. But the converse is not true:
infinite tree structures may or may not have a root node.

• A node's "parent" is a node one step higher in the hierarchy (i.e. closer to the root
node) and lying on the same branch.
• "Sibling" ("brother" or "sister") nodes share the same parent node.
• A node's "uncles" (sometimes "ommers") are siblings of that node's parent.
• A node that is connected to all lower-level nodes is called an "ancestor". The
connected lower-level nodes are "descendants" of the ancestor node.

In the example in the next page, "Work Study" is the parent of "Work Measurement"
and "Method Study", its children. "Time Study" and "Motion Study" are siblings, and
children of "Work Measurement", which is their parent and thus one of their
ancestors. Also, "Work Study", as the root of the tree, is the ancestor of "Work
Measurement", "Method Study", "Time Study" and "Motion Study".
 Work Study

Work
Method Study
Measurement

Time Study Motion Study

Representing trees
There are many ways of visually representing tree structures.

Classical node-link diagrams:

Classical node-link diagrams, that connect nodes together with line segments.

Work Study
/ \
Work Method
Measurement Study
/ \
Time Motion
Study Study
Tree structure analysis is done to improve the Work
Design in Rubber Processing Industry.

Figure. Tree Combination Diagram

The tree diagram above illustrates possible combinations of solutions so that 4

alternative combinations are obtained. Then evaluated using the weighting scores
based on the criteria that have been prepared. The criteria for assessment are
divided into two sections: positive criteria and have a positive scoring weight of
scope (S) and benefit (B), and unfavourable criteria and negative weight score
consisting risk of failure (R) and Costs (C). The criteria of the weight alternative
assessment can be seen in Table 2 and the recapitulation of the scoring weights can
be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. The Weight Alternative Criteria

 Table 2. Alternative Scoring Weighted Recapitulation

CONCLUSION:
• Tree structure analysis provides different sets of alternatives to solve a given
problem.
• We can check which alternative gives us the possible result.
• According to the results different changes can be made to solve those
problems.
REFERENCES:
• Grant A M 2012 Giving Time, Time After Time: Work Design And Sustained
Employee Participation In Corporate Volunteering (The Wharton School:
University Of Pennsylvania)
• Stanton N 2005 Handbook of Human Factor and Ergonomic Method (USA:
CRC Press)
• https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/288/1/012077/pdf