Solenoid Powered Vehicle with Adaptive Headlight Leveling System
Sampada Dhole1, Sneha Gaikwad1, Kiran Shinde1,
Shrikant Baste2, Ganesh Mhatre2
Department of Mechatronics Engineering
New Horizon Institute of Technology and Management, Thane
sampadadhole4@gmail.com, sneha.gaikwad72@gmail.com,
ganeshmha@gmail.com
Abstract - In today’s fast moving world, Road safety is
the most important factor to be considered. While travelling,
many people have lost their lives due to accidents. So, we should
take a step forward towards road safety to reduce the risk of
accidents. To reduce the accident rates, we have proposed an
adaptive steering controlled headlight system by considering that
it shouldn’t be an economic burden on the end user. A lot of
companies have developed technologies that incorporate turn
able headlight to better illuminate the path, but these
technologies are quite expensive and continue to be distant from
the majority of car owners. So, we are developing the
technology using simple components like PIC microcontroller,
servo motor, etc. By considering the effect on the environment as
well as economic factors such as gradual increasing price of fluid
fossil fuels, maintenance and others, we also considered
proposing an attractive electric vehicle alternative to the car with
combustion engine.
Keywords: Adaptive Steering, PIC controller, Adaptive
headlight, Renewable Sources, Electric Vehicle, Servo motor.
I. INTRODUCTION
Traditionally used fuels (petrol, diesel, CNG) for vehicles
are vanishing at an alarming rate but the demand is growing
very rapidly as the consumer market is growing rapidly (50
million automobiles per year). The need of alternative fuels
for transportation has become a necessity. This system focuses
on using non-conventional source of energy to run any
vehicle. In current world scenario there is requirement to look
and use renewable sources of energy to have sustainable
future. Now-a-days electricity is being utilized to switch from
conventional combustion vehicles to electric vehicles.
Electrical energy can be used everywhere to drive our life.
But the technology we use is low in efficiency. Though there
are electric vehicles present in the market their power
requirements and system requirements are very high and load
conditions is very restricted, hence solenoid engine can be an
alternative to such engines as its working and building
process is comparatively easy. The objective of this paper is to
explore the use and requirements of building a solenoid
engine to study the dynamics involved.
Hence there is need to find ways with more power as well as
higher efficiency can be generated. Magnetism possesses a
magnificent opening for development. The working principle
of this engine is based on attraction and repulsion between a
permanent magnet and a current carrying coil. Thus the forces
developed are used to generate mechanical power.
kiisunshine1711@gmail.com, baste.shrikant@gmail.com,
Further enhancement in this field can be an alternative to
switch over IC Engines In general term, a solenoid engine is
an engine which works on the movement of solenoid, it works
like reciprocating engine when we supply the current through
a coil. Due to principle of electromagnetism magnetic field is
generated around that coil due to which the rod inside the coil
gets repelled or attracted based on the direction of current.
This reciprocating motion of piston is converted into rotary by
connecting it to crank shaft with help of connecting rod.
In the known technology of the prior art, a headlight of the
vehicle has a fixed line of emission which is aligned with the
front direction of the vehicle. Although the effects of high
beam or low beam can be achieved by adjusting the angle of
elevation of the headlamp, the direction of emission is not
adjustable as to the left or right. Safety is the main concern
when operating a vehicle, aside from functionality. The static
headlights just provide certain illuminating fields for drivers
in the night-time and are insufficient to serve for curved roads
and intersections. Over 75% of road accidents occur in
darkness.
When a curve or turn is approached on the road, the corner is
not illuminated properly on time when the vehicle turns;
thereby creating a dead angle of illumination and lack of
visibility poses threat in driving at night or in darkness. Hence
it necessary to design a device to solve this problem and such
device is of high utility.
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Methodology to Adaptive Headlight System:
The following paper was referred to study the design
considerations and parameter selection for the adaptive
system.
Ahmed Sharos [7] has proposed a design for Adaptive
Headlight control, which basically focuses on reducing the
risk of accidents in the darkness. He suggested the use of
software with the input of steering wheel to control the
position of Headlights.
Fig.1 shows the flow chart which properly discusses the
algorithm of the working of adaptive headlight system. The
inputs obtained from the sensor will be processed for the
automatic leveling of the headlight. The input is given by
rotating the steering wheel at some angle, as seen in the
flowchart, the system waits for the condition to ensure
whether
the condition is valid or not.

Fig.1. System Flow chart
After verifying the condition, if the condition is true then the
microcontroller sends the signal to servo motor and LDR,
later it rotates the servo operating LED accordingly. But, if
the condition doesn’t satisfy then there will apparently be no
change in the system and hence no rotation of the servo motor
will occur. The basic design principle is controlling the
position of headlight by rotating steering wheel accordingly as
needed.
B. Methodology to Solenoid engine
Papers from different international and national journals were
referred to find the best fit method to approach this study. The
following papers were reviewed to study the design aspects
for the engine.
Md Modassar Akhtar et.al.[1] has designed the solenoid
engine and used effectively in an electric vehicle. Even the
speed regulation calculation is done successfully.
Fanse Mayur N. et.al. [2] has suggested the use of solenoid in
vehicles. The main purpose of their research was to
implement the design of pentagonal engine parameters and
speed calculations.
Dr. Vijay Kumar et.al.[3] projected the design and working of
magnetic piston engine which works on the principle of
magnetism, which states that it is also used to perform various
tasks and functions that involves application of force or
displacement of objects.
Syed Suhel, et.al.[4] have proposed a design of V 2-cylinder
solenoid engine. They have also discussed about the design
parameters and speed calculations regarding this.
Gaurav S. Chavan et. al. [5] has discussed using
electromagnets on traditional engine arrangement. The
concept is to use electromagnetic force to drive the piston and
produce power.
Neetha H. M. et.al.[6] have proposed a design using eight
solenoids to transmit power directly to the transmission shaft.
The concept is to use electromagnetic force to drive the piston
and produce power.
After evaluation most of the approach followed to study about
the design and working of solenoid engine is theoretical.
From the data obtained from the papers, was used to
understand the appropriate dimensions and power capabilities
of the engine. Formulas related to design and supply
requirements were also known through these papers.
The best approach procedure is to first analytically calculate
dimensions using formulas, designing a cad model for the
engine, testing stresses acting on the prototype using software
and finally building a prototype to test.
III. APPLICATION
A. For Adaptive Headlight Leveling
1. This adaptive headlight can be used in vehicle while
vehicle about to turn. As vehicle’s light are
automatically turned when the vehicle tries to turn.
2. In rainy season the indicator present in the vehicle
can be automatically glows. So vehicle can be easily
seen.
3. This will also on or off the headlights of vehicle.
4. This project can also implemented in home or remote
places to on or off the lights as per the surrounding
light.
B. For Solenoid Engine
1. It can be mainly be used to reduce overuse of fossil
fuels and implement the concept of green energy.
2. The project may be a prototype application but can
later be used for real life application.
IV. CONCLUSION
Through the study following conclusion were made
1. It has presented engine structure and adaption of headlights
with respect to the lights falling on the cars and its intensity.
For more design and structure, we can design this as
mentioned in this paper or future development can also be
made.
2. After doing an extensive research for this project, we now
have a wider knowledge about this technology. Due to the use
of this system, use of non-renewable resources is reduced to a
certain extend and energy can be conserved for the future use.
3.By using the adaptive lights headlight, we can conclude that
it helps to reduce black spots while cornering and hence
reduces risk of accidents simply by showing the incoming
object in advance. Hence, promoting road safety.
4. Moreover, solenoid engine is an alternative to the use of
fuels and also it reduces the consumption of fuel, because of
this production of hydrocarbons are much reduced. Even
though, we already have electric motor, but the drawback of
electric motor is they cannot be use in heavy pay-loads or for
more time, but this system which we have presented can be
used in these situations.
Moreover, this system does not require any external battery.
With the future development, this system will have wide
applications.
 V. REFERENCES

[1] Md Modassar Akhtar, Santosh Kumar Tripathy, Ekula Prasant Kumar,

Suryakanta Biswal, Sourabh Kumar, Himanshu Shekhar Dash, “Solenoid
Engine”, ISSN:2455-2631, April 2017 IJSDR | Volume 2, Issue 4.
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[3] Dr. Vijay Kumar, Anurag, Abhishek Rocky, Ashutosh Kumar, Ankit
Kusum, Aaditya Nath Yadav, “Solenoid Engine”, PARIPEX - Indian Journal
of Research volume-6 ISSUE-7, JULY-2017, ISSN - 2250-1991
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Electromagnetic and Solenoid Engine with Neodymium Magnet Running
Vehicle”, Journal of Control and Instrumentation Engineering volume 3 Issue
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[7] Ahmed Sharos, “Development of An Adaptive Steering Control
Headlight”, SAE Technical Paper.