TAFE SA VET ASSESSMENT

STUDENT WRITTEN ASSESSMENT

Business Unit/Work Group Community Services Health and Lifestyle
Qualification Code HLT54115
Qualification Title Diploma of Nursing
Unit Code/s HLTENN001
Unit Title/s Work in the Australian Health Care System
Assessment Task Title Assessment 1
Student Declaration I hereby declare that the material herein submitted for assessment is my
own work except where specifically acknowledged and referenced.
Student Name
Student SIS ID
Student Signature
Date
Assessor Name

STUDENT GUIDE FOR WRITTEN ASSESSMENT

Overview of  This is a written assessment task to assess your knowledge of the following
Assessment topics:
 Socio-cultural and social influences and factors that affect health and illness
 Non-western approaches to health care, and their place in contemporary
nursing practice.
 Current health issues affecting clinical practice and health policy development.
 Factors that may affect health for a range of people and groups
 Risk factors and social circumstances applying to the health of people and
referrals to appropriate health professionals
 Existing health services that support current health issues facing people in
Australia
 Nursing theorists, and incorporate theoretical concepts related to nursing care
into nursing practice
 Historical development and current perspectives of the nursing profession
 The role of relevant professional nursing bodies
 Development and historical context of the Australian health care system,
current health service models and standards of care
Task/s to be The written assessment consists of fifteen (15) questions that are a mixture of short
assessed answer and mix and match.

Time allowed This assessment is not timed but must be completed and submitted by the due date in
the unit outline.
Location In the LEARN online classroom for HLTENN001 Work in the Australian Health Care
System under the button Assessment 1 – Written Assessment
Decision making You will have two (2) attempts to achieve a Satisfactory grade. If you do not achieve
rules a Satisfactory grade on your first attempt, you will be required to repeat the
assessment.

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STUDENT GUIDE FOR WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
If you do not achieve a Satisfactory grade on your second attempt a Not Satisfactory
result will be recorded for the assessment task.

You must obtain a Satisfactory grade for all assessment tasks to be resulted with a
PA for Pass Achieved for the unit.

To receive a satisfactory outcome for this assessment you must answer all questions
correctly.

Please note: Your answers to questions must be referenced using Harvard referencing
system – where indicated on the assessment question.
Assessment This is an untimed, open book style assessment.
conditions
Resources There is a list of resources in LEARN under the Student Resources button that may be
required useful such as:
 AHPRA https://www.ahpra.gov.au/
 NMBA http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/
 Australian government https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-
services/public-safety-and-law
 AIHW https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/australias-
welfare-2017/contents/table-of-contents
 Health reforms
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/ministers/publishing.nsf/Content/health-
mediarel-yr2016-leySL109.htm

Links specific to questions in the assessment are provided in the assessment

questions.

Text Book:
Koutoukidis, G, Stainton, K & Hughson, J. 2016, Tabbner's nursing care:
theory and practice, 7th edn. Elsevier, Sydney.
Results / Refer to your Facilitating Lecturer and Unit Outline for Due Dates.
Reassessment

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS HLTENN001

(WORK IN THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM)

Question 1

The term ‘determinants of health’ refers to the factors or themes that influence whether a person will
remain healthy or become ill or injured. Identify two (2) determinants of health for each of the following
groups. Your answer should include six different determinants of health in total. (Reference required)
a. Person/people living in a remote Aboriginal community
b. Person/people who are homeless and living in a major city
c. Person/people from poorer social or economic circumstances in a regional centre

Question 2:
A person has come to Australia from overseas. Outline three (3) cultural factors that may affect their health
and /or illness. (100 words) (Reference required)

Access the following resources to provide further understanding.

https://www.hpcsa.com.au/files/651_cald_scoping_study_final.pdf Or

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http://www.abc.net.au/health/consumerguides/stories/2003/04/03/1837445.htm

Question 3:
List three (3) complementary or alternative approaches to health care and discuss where each of these
approaches may be used in contemporary nursing practice. (150 words) (Reference required)

Question 4

Access the following document and answer the questions below:

Professional standards of practice NMBA

http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx

Part A:
Outline the purpose of the Standards for Practice: Enrolled Nurses (2016) and how they affect Enrolled
Nursing practice. (Minimum 50 words)

Part B.
In your role as an Enrolled Nurse, how will you keep up to date with current health matters, issues in
clinical practice and new and emerging technologies?
Provide three (3) strategies and discuss how you will apply each of these to your own nursing practice.
(minimum 100 words)

Question 5
Using your knowledge of current health policy and current health issues read the scenario below and
answer question A, B, C and D.

Scenario
You are an enrolled nurse in a GP clinic and a patient is discussing with you the current news bulletins
concerning chronic obesity affecting your local area and hospitals in South Australia. The patient asks you if
the news bulletins are correct. Provide a response reflecting your current knowledge of health issues
(obesity) impacting clinical practice by answering the following questions:

A. Define and then explain the term obesity and include in your answer a reference to Body Mass
Index (BMI) (Minimum of 50 words) (Reference required)

B. The NSW government recently launched a campaign ‘Tackling childhood obesity’. Refer to the
following website https://www.nsw.gov.au/improving-nsw/premiers-priorities/tackling-childhood-
obesity/
List two (2) of the initiatives launched by the NSW government to address childhood obesity and
explain how these will have a positive impact. (Minimum 50 words)

C. Explain how obesity will affect clinical practice in general. (Minimum of 100 words)

D. List two (2) ways you will maintain your knowledge of emerging health issues and explain how you
will use these in your nursing practice. (100 words)

Question 6
From your own research, answer the following questions. (Reference required for each of your responses)
Part A
Name three (3) sources of funding for Australian health care.
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Part B
Discuss one (1) social, one (1) economic and one (1) political impact on health and outline how it affects
service delivery in Australia. (Reference required)

Question 7
Part A
Using resources available to you, research the following funding models. Select one (1) and discuss the key
criteria of this model. State who can access it and how. (Reference required)
 Medicare
 Private health insurance
 DVA
 NDIS
 PBS
 Casemix
 NGO

Question 7B – to be completed when assessment available online. You may like to do some research to
assist with your answers.
Part B

Listed below are different health care professionals who work in different models of care. Match the
health-care professional to their primary role and where they work in the health-care setting.

Team Member What they do (possible answers include Where they work
but not restricted to) (possible answers include
3-5 dot points but not restricted to)
General Practice
(GP)Doctor
Occupational
Therapist
GP Practice Nurse

Podiatrist

Community nurse

Physiotherapist

Dietitian

Social Worker

Dentist

Psychologist

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Question 8 (mix and match)

Using resources available to you, research the following organisations. Then select the number of the description you
think best fits each organisation.
 Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation
 Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council
 Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia
 Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency

Mix and Match choices:

 Established under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act 2009, it
audits compliance, sets national standards, accredits training and education.
 The independent accrediting authority for nursing and midwifery education
under Australia's National Registration and Accreditation Scheme
 Promotes the industrial, political and professional status of nurses and
Midwives. It is a member ship and provides advice on industrial and
professional issues. Provides journey, accident cover and CPD education
 Registers nursing and midwifery practitioners and students; develops
standards, codes and guidelines for the nursing and midwifery profession and
handles notifications, complaints, investigations and disciplinary hearings

Question 9

Access and read the document titled ‘How does Australia’s System work?’ as a guide to support your
research https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/f2ae1191-bbf2-47b6-a9d4-1b2ca65553a1/ah16-2-1-how-
does-australias-health-system-work.pdf.aspx

Provide an explanation for private health insurance. List three (3) private health insurance organisations
and briefly outline their role in the Australian Health Care system. (100 words)

Question 10

Indigenous health refers to the physical, cultural, social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and/or
Torres Strait Islander people (Indigenous Australians). Many Indigenous Australians experience poorer
health than other Australians, often dying at much younger ages.

Indigenous Australians are more likely than non-Indigenous Australians to have respiratory diseases,
mental health problems, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

From your own research, choose one (1) of the diseases listed and discuss the impact it has on health care
delivery for the Indigenous person. (100 words). (Reference required)

Question 11

The National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework (the Framework) promotes a new approach for the
Commonwealth, states and territories to work in partnership to better integrate health care across care
settings and to improve health outcomes for all Australians.

It provides a mechanism for coordinated action at the Commonwealth, state and local levels to enable a
more harmonised approach in primary health care planning and service delivery. (Reference required)
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Part A
List the principles and describe the philosophical framework of Primary Health Care.

Part B
In your local area, outline three (3) primary health care providers and describe their core business. (150
words)

Question 12

Part A
Select one (1) health condition/illness from the list below and identify three (3) health services in your local
area that could assist a person with that condition.
 Obesity
 Arthritis
 Asthma
 Cardiovascular disease

Part B
Select one of the health services you have listed in your response to Part A, identify a community health
promotional strategy used in this service that addresses the health condition/illness. (Reference required)

Part C
Evaluate the effectiveness of the community health promotional strategy listed by using the proforma
below.

Evaluation form
Name of Service:

Name of Community Health Promotion Strategy:

Question Response ()

Yes No
Will the strategy increase awareness of the health risks associated with… (add
health condition)
Will the strategy increase awareness of ways to address… (add health condition)
Will the strategy increase life skills in addressing… (add health condition)
Will the strategy change people’s habits associated with… (add health issue)
General comment
(Summary of the effectiveness of the strategy overall in relation to the health condition it was designed
to address)

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Question 13
Part A
Access and read the document titled ‘How does Australia’s System work?’ as a guide to support your
research. https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/f2ae1191-bbf2-47b6-a9d4-1b2ca65553a1/ah16-2-1-how-
does-australias-health-system-work.pdf.aspx

Outline the major types of health care that form the structure of the Australian health care system as a
model of care and provide one example from your local area for each type. (50 words)

Part B
Outline at least two (2) strengths and two (2) challenges for the Australian health care system that may
impact health policy development. (50 words)

Question 14

Reflecting on your completed, Professional Experience Placements identify five (5) professional interactions
you have performed. For each of these interactions explain how your nursing practice contributed to the
person’s health outcome. (50 words on each).

Question 15

Referring to the document ‘Health Care Systems in Transition Australia’

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/108466/E74466.pdf;jsessionid=8127AD51428E2FF9D333
CFD4DBC84D80?sequence=1

Fill in the blank word / phrases that outline the development and historical context of the Australian Health
Care System. The list of words / phrases are noted at the bottom of the text.

The colonial governments subsidized hospitals to cater for the needs of the poor, while during the nineteenth
century, ____________ mainly were charitable institutions in which doctors provided care on an honorary
basis. ______________ (run by religious organizations or private entrepreneurs) emerged to cater for more
affluent patients, while _____________ care by doctors was provided on a _____________.
The 1901 Constitution regarded health care as the responsibility of the states and granted powers to the
Federal Government only on quarantine matters in order to prevent diseases entering Australia. The need
for a public health coordination role for the Commonwealth only became evident during the influenza
outbreak around 1918 and, accordingly, the _____________ was established with the agreement of the
states in 1921.

Until the mid-twentieth century, individuals had to pay for their own health care services, apart from some
free treatment in public and charitable hospitals, and except for those who took out insurance in sickness
funds. From the late nineteenth century to the mid-1940s, the friendly society movement was a driving force
behind the health care system. These funds offered members a range of benefits including _____________
and ___________, and through negotiated capitation payments, purchased medical services from doctors
on behalf of members.

The Commonwealth began to play a significant role in health matters only after the Second World War.
Under the Commonwealth’s defence power, a Repatriation Commission was established to care for
returned soldiers. Doctors were paid to treat returned servicemen and women, and Commonwealth
repatriation hospitals in each state offered comprehensive health care.
The _______ government (1941–1949) made repeated efforts to radically reform the health care system.
These proposals met strong resistance from doctors, conservative political parties, and the voluntary
insurance funds, foreshadowing continuing contests for the rest of the century and beyond among political
and medical stakeholders.
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The Commonwealth made laws with respect to a wide range of pensions and benefits. These were ‘the
_______________, widows pensions, _____________, unemployment, _____________, sickness and
hospital benefits, medical and dental services, benefits to students and family allowances’. The
Commonwealth introduced subsidized pharmaceuticals in its second attempt at legislation, the 1950
Pharmaceutical Benefits Act, which legislation remains largely unchanged.
Under the ______________the Commonwealth entered into agreements with the states to subsidise public
hospital beds on condition that there was no charge for patients in public wards, the intention being to
reduce financial barriers to hospital access by patients. This has remained the basis of subsequent hospital
financing agreements between the Commonwealth and the states. The states continue to administer their
hospital sectors, which are characterised by a mix of _______________ funding and provision.

The _____________ government under Prime Minister Menzies and his successors (1949–1972) introduced
the ________________, which consolidated the four main pillars of the Australian post-war health care
system: the pharmaceuticals benefits scheme, the hospital benefits scheme, pensioner medical services,
and the medical benefits scheme.

The Labor government under Prime Minister Whitlam (1972–1975) tried to introduce a national health
insurance scheme. Medibank met with strong opposition from the medical profession.
The scheme aimed to provide universal health insurance, administered by a Commonwealth authority, and
funded entirely from taxation. ___________ was finally introduced in 1975 and the Health Insurance
Commission established to administer the scheme. Patients could be billed the schedule fee for a medical
service and claim 85% back from the Health Insurance Commission, or doctors could bill the Health
Insurance Commission directly for their patients (‘bulk billing’) and accept 85% of the schedule fee as full
payment. In relation to hospital care, the Commonwealth government negotiated relatively generous
hospital cost-sharing arrangements with the states, provided that patients were guaranteed universal and
free access to public hospitals.

The Liberal Party, in its election promises, undertook to maintain Medibank but also supported private
health insurance. The most important changes were that individuals could ______________ and purchase
_____________, while a levy of 2.5% of taxable income was introduced for those people who chose to
remain in the scheme. By 1981, a significant proportion of the population was effectively uninsured in
relation to hospital treatment. Public funding for health care, principally for public hospitals, continued to
be negotiated periodically between the Commonwealth and the states.
The _____________ Labor governments (1983–1996) re-established a universal, tax-funded health
insurance system, ____________, which remains in place today. The initial 1% mandatory levy on income
was raised to 1.5%. Medicare thus provides the entire population with subsidized access to the doctor of
their choice for out-of-hospital care, free public hospital care, and subsidized pharmaceuticals. Although
private insurance remains voluntary, the Commonwealth now offers financial incentives for people to take
out private cover.

Select from the below list to fill in the blanks:

 Child endowment
 Commonwealth Department of Health
 Community-based medical
 Fee-for-service basis
 Hawke and Keating
 Health Benefits Act 1946
 Labor
 Liberal Coalition
 Medibank
 Medicare
 National Health Act 1953
 Opt out of Medibank
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  Pharmaceutical
 Private health insurance
 Private hospitals
 Provision of maternity allowances
 Public and private
 Public hospitals
 Sick pay
 Unemployment benefits

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ASSESSMENT OUTCOME
Satisfactory ☐
Not Satisfactory ☐

Reassessment Details
(if applicable)
Date of reassessment
(Attach supplementary observation checklist/s used in re-assessment)

Reassessment Outcome (if applicable)

Satisfactory ☐
Not Satisfactory ☐

Feedback to Student

Student Name
Student Signature

I have been advised of the outcome of this assessment.

Assessor Name
Assessor Signature
Date:

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