LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

San Pablo City Campus

Del Remedio, San Pablo City
College of Engineering

Frequency Shift Keying

Laboratory Activity No. 5

Ortega, Noah Millicent

R.
Group Leader

Delin, Xena Marie C.

Rios, Irish Dawn D.
Group Members

BSECE4B 1
Section Group Number

Criteria Rate Criteria Rate

Abstract Introduction
Experimental Procedure Results
Discussions Conclusions
Word Structure Appearance Score
Laboratory Frequency Shift Keying
Activity 5

ABSTRACT

ESSENTIALS
The process to generate FSK is similar to that for FM except that the
message is now a digital signal, d(t). In this simulation the square wave
generator is used to simulate a ‘1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0…’ sequence. As for FM, the
frequency modulator is a voltage-to-frequency converter V/F, (or voltage
controlled oscillator, VCO).

The ideal characteristic relating the output frequency and the input
voltage is linear as illustrated below.

∆ fOUT
The gradient, , is called the frequency conversion factor,
∆VIN
denoted by a Hz per volt.

In this case the input switches between two voltages. The diagram shows
illustrates the characteristic for a unipolar digital signal, where a ‘O’ is 0 volts
and a ‘1’ is + V volts. Bipolar signals, where a ‘O’ is-V volts and a ‘1’ is + V volts
also possible.

The peak-to-peak frequency deviation is given by:

f 1 −f 0 =V 1−V 0

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Laboratory Frequency Shift Keying
Activity 5
The parameter corresponding to Modulation Index in FM is the ‘Normalised
Frequency Deviation Ration’, denoted by h, where:

h= ( f −fR )
1 0

APPARATUS
Computer or Laptop
NI Multisim Software

SPECIFICATION
NI MULTISIM

Family Value Quantity

SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES 1kHz 5V 1

CONTROLLED_VOLTAGE_SOURCES -1.0V 1.0V 1

SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES 5V 1kHz 100Hz 1

SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES 1Vpk 1kHz 90º 1

POWER_SOURCES Ground 4
INSTRUMENT Oscilloscope 2

INSTRUMENT Spectrum 2
Analyzer

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 2.1 – Frequency Shift Keying

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Laboratory Frequency Shift Keying
Activity 5

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 In this simulation, the square wave generator at 600 Hz represents
data at 1200 bits per second and at 1200 Baud.
 Refer to the class discussion for a more detailed explanation of FSK,
bot rate and Baud rate.
 The first step in this simulation is to measure the V/F characteristic.
Double click on the V/F and record the parameters referring to
voltage and frequency. Sketch the V/F characteristics, and
determine the frequency conversion factor, a Hz per volt.
 Given that the message bit rate is 1200 bps, determine the
normalized frequency deviation ratio, h. Observe the waveforms and
spectrum of the FSK signal.

DATA AND RESULTS

Simulation using NI Multisim Software

Simulation using NI LabView Software

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

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