Before reading this text, answer these question.

1. What is the function of protection ?

2. What is the rellay protection ?
3. How operate rellay protection ?

Rellay Protection
A good electric power system should ensure the availability of
electrical power without any interruption to every load connected to it.
Generally power is transmitted through high voltage transmission line
and lines are exposed, there may be chances of their breakdown due to
storms, falling of external objects, and damage to the insulators etc.
These can result not only mechanical damage but also in an electrical
fault.
Protective relays and relaying systems detect abnormal
conditions like faults in electrical circuits and automatically operate
the switchgear to isolate faulty equipment from the system as quick as
possible.
This limits the damage at the fault location and prevents the
effects of the fault spreading into the system. The switch gear must be
capable of interrupting both normal currents as well as fault current.
The protective relay on the other hand must be able to recognize an
abnormal condition in the power system and take suitable steps so that
there will be least possible disturbance to normal operation.
 Relay does not prevent the appearance of faults. It can take
action only after the fault has occurred. However, there are some
devices which can anticipate and prevent major faults.
For example, Buchholz relay is capable of detecting the gas
accumulation produced by an incipient fault in a transformer.

Nature and causes of faults

The nature of fault simply implies any abnormal condition which
causes a reduction in the basic insulation strength between phase
conductors, between phase conductor and earth or any earth screen
surrounding the conductors.
The reduction of the insulation is not considered as a fault until
it produces some effect on the system i.e. until it results either in an
excess current or in the reduction of the impedance between the
conductors, between the conductor and earth to a value below the
lowest load impedance normal to the circuit.
Power systems mainly consist of generator, switch gear,
transformer and distribution system. The probability of failure is more
on the power system due to their greater length and exposure to
atmosphere.
Dr.R.K.Jena. 2016. Power Sistem Protection:note lecture
Glossary
Transmitted (n) : di salurkan
Switch gear (n) : saklar mekanik
Capable (n) : mampu
Current (n) : tegangan
interrupting (Adj) : mengganggu
surrounding (Adv) : mengelilingi

Exercise 1
Decide whether following statements are true or false by reffering
to the information in the text.
1. Protective relays and relaying systems can detect abnormal.
2. Relay does not prevent the appearance of faults.
3. Power systems mainly consist of generator, switch gear,
transformer and distribution system.
4. Buchholz relay is not capable of detecting the gas accumulation.
5. power is transmitted through low voltage transmission line.
6. Rellay protection can make a noise and heat.
7. The Rellay protection make a troublen in line conection.
8. The switch gear must be capable of interrupting both normal
currents as well as fault current.
9. Generally power may be chances of their breakdown due to storms,
falling of external objects, and damage to the insulators etc.
10. Rellay can result not only mechanical damage but also in an
electrical fault.
Exercise 2
Look back at the text and find out what the underlined words refer
to.
1. ….. there may be chances ….. ( P.1 line 4 )
2. ….. These can result ….. ( P.2 line 5 )
3. ….. It can take action ….. ( P.4 line 2 )
Exercise 3
Answer the following question!
1. What is a Rellay protection ?
2. What is the function of a Rellay protection?
3. What is the material can capable detecting the gas accumulation ?
4. What is the mainly of power system ?
5. What is the switch gear must capable ?

Exercise 4
Match the following words with their explanation in the right side.
1. Power Sistem a. a network of electrical components deployed
to supply
2. protective relay b device designed to trip a circuite breaker when
a fault is detected.
3. Switchgear c. composed of electrical disconnect switches
4. electrical sircuite d. device that converts motive power(mechanical
energy) into electrical power
5. Current e. the rate of flow of electric charge past a point
6. Phase conductor f. typically expressed as an angle
7. grounding g. the reference point in an electrical circuit from
which voltages are measured
8. Impedance h. static electrical device that transfers electrical
energy between two or more circuits.
9. Generator i. path in which electrons from a voltage or
current source flow
10.Transformator j. the measure of the opposition that a circuit
presents to a current when a voltage is applied.
LANGUAGE WORK: Possesive Form
Notice the use of Adverb of Manner.
It’s a picture. Its about electicity
 It’s a picture of electicity

Exercise 5
Do exercises like the model above
1. It’s a fan. Its on bed room
2. It’s a pin. Its on my phone
3. They are monkey. They for attraction
4. They are banana. They monkey
5. It’s a car. Mr andri bought it
6. They are chair. They are in the bus
7. It’s a job. Its for tomorrow
8. It’s a under. Its on the car
9. It’s a motorcycle. Jumadi has it
10. They are lamp. They are for mosque

Exercise 6
Complete this missing with our,mine,its,ours,yours.

Niki: ___club requires ___ members to wear badges. Do you have

some?

Disco: I, uh… I think ____must be somewhere here… No, I don’t have

it!

Sandy: Too bad for you. Then, you can’t join us.

Yun: Wait a sec! *lifts up a strange badge* Hey, isn’t

this badge ____?

Sandy: Isn’t that badge supposed to be ___? Look at this symbol.

LET’S TALK: Discussion
A. Discuss and present the Protection you had ever made.
B. Practicing adverbs through games can be very exciting. Team A
and B face each other. One player give a sentence, e.g: “Andrew
speak English beautifully. “A member of the other team responds
by substituting a different adverb beginning with the next letter in
the alphabet, e.g: “Andrew speak English correctly.” And so on. A
team loses when it cannot provide the next adverb within a certain
limited time.