Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2

Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following statements regarding the head tiIt can onl It should bIt is the t
Airway, Respiration and VenIn which of the following situations should the jaw-th When the m tilt the he apply 100%
Airway, Respiration and VenA patient has severe facial injuries, inadequate breat Alternate sProvide artTurn the pa
Airway, Respiration and VenWhen ventilating an apneic adult patient with a bag-va an airway you are posventilation
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following processes occurs during inhalati The interc The interc The diaphra
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following processes occurs during cellular The cells r The cells gThe cells r
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat is the preferred method for initially providing artifMouth-to m One-person Two-person
Airway, Respiration and VenA reduced tidal volume would most likely occur from unequal chincreased flaring of t
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following patients is exhibiting signs of i A 41-year- A 60-year- A 30-year
Airway, Respiration and VenSnoring respirations in an unresponsive patient most likeupper airwcollapse offoreign bo
Airway, Respiration and VenIn an unresponsive patient who has not sustained trau An airway An airway Suctioning
Airway, Respiration and VenInitial management of an unconscious adult patient whoperformingperformingproviding o
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat should your first action be when treating a 40-yeaAssess the Initiate ar Apply 100%
Airway, Respiration and VenIn what position would you expect a patient with sever Fowler's Lateral re Prone
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following listings of techniques and devices Pocket masOne-person Two-person
Airway, Respiration and VenTidal volume is best defined as the volume of vaolume of taotal volum
Airway, Respiration and VenYou would most likely encounter agonal respirations in A patient wA semiconsA hypoxic
Airway, Respiration and VenA young woman who has overdosed on a strong narcoticremove d theremove thesuction the
Airway, Respiration and VenAs you are ventilating an apneic patient patient using evaluate thensure thatsqueeze th
Airway, Respiration and VenAfter an adult cardiac arrest patient has been intubate deliver eachyperventildeliver eac
Airway, Respiration and VenWhen ventilating a patient with apnea with a pocket ma1 second 2 seconds 3 seconds
Airway, Respiration and VenA 60-year old woman presents with acute respiratory disSupplement A nasopharA nasophar
Airway, Respiration and VenA semiconscious young man has shallow, gurgling respira suctioning inserting initiating
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following
A 56-year-old airway
woman calls EMSsounds
becausewould
of a most likely
sudden Wheezing
onset Crowing
of difficult Gurgling
y breathing . When you asses
Airway, Respiration and Ven positive p supplement determinin
Airway, Respiration and VenYou have intubated a 33-year-old woman in cardiac arres Potential i InadvertenIntubation
Airway, Respiration and VenImmediately after placing an endotracheal tube in an a inflate the perform a 5attach a BV
Airway, Respiration and VenSnoring respirations in an elderly woman found uncons manually mperformingsuctioning
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat is the BEST airway device to use in a deeply unconscious intoxicated patient?
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following signs is LEAST reliable when asses Distal capilBreath souChest wall
Airway, Respiration and VenA 21-year-old man is semiconscious and has shallow, gursuction th attach a pulse begin
oximeter
assis
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following signs is MOST indicative of adeqWarm, mois Diffuse
Cyanotic oHyperpnea
Audible rhonchi
Eupneic
andrespirations
flushed skin
at
rales and
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following signs would indicate inadequateRespiration
Inspiratoryrhonchi
stridor Expiratory wheezing
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following signs would be MOST indicative
Airway, Respiration and VenWhen should you use a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in W t hen the pWhen the pWhen the pa
Airway, Respiration and VenThe clinical finding in which the systolic BP drops more pulsus par vagus nervintercostal
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich abnormal respiratory pattern do you see in the pKussmaul Agonal Biots
Airway, Respiration and VenIn what position should the patient's head be placed w Neutral posSlightly to Flexed for
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat is the MOST definitive way to control the airway i EndotracheHead tilt-chOral airwa
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat medication is the only depolarizing neuromuscularSuccinychoVecuroniuPharynx Pancuroni
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat is the leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and Epiglottis Uvula
Airway, Respiration and VenHow much air should inflate the proximal balloon on t 100 mL 150 mL 15 mL
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat is the maximum flow rate for a Nasal Cannula? 6 lpm 12 lpm 8 lpm
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat is the following device ? A device designed to facilDual LumeEndothrachNon Rebre
 20-24 LPM
Airway, Respiration and VenIn order to provide Oxygen Therapy at "100%" what shou 12-15 LPM100 LPM
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat airway opening maneuver should be used on a man JawthThrustHead Tilt - Intubation
Airway, Respiration and VenA device that delivers a specific amount of medication to Metered Do A lbuterol
Vocal cordsiNebulizer
Airway, Respiration and VenThe anatomy of the airway consists of the upper and thCricoid car Thyroid car
Airway, Respiration and VenThe tongue often is a source of airway obstruction; it Pharynx Larynx Trachea
Airway, Respiration and VenThe lower airway ends at the Alveoli, where gas exch Capillary bBronchioleCapillary b
Airway, Respiration and VenTo create negative pressure in the thorax (chest cavity DownwardThe diaphrUpward
Airway, Respiration and VenWhen the diaphragm relaxes, it regains its domed shape. AtmospherTrans abdoRespirator
Two person Flow
bag-valve-mask
restricted oxygen
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following ventilatory techniques is likely One person
Airway, Respiration and VenIn order to assist intubation, a paramedic may utilize S Cricoid carAryepiglottThyroid car
Airway, Respiration and VenThe patient has very shallow, rapid respirations with minimal
Elevated
chestNot
wallenough
motion
Cardiogenic Normal
and slight wheezing
shock
Airway, Respiration and VenDuring the history, you learn that the patient was involved in resp
Adult a fall at work and suffered a hip fractu
Congestive
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following is the most effective method for Two personFROPVD One person
Airway, Respiration and VenExplain the acronym ABC used during first aid procedureAirway, BreAirway, BreAssessment,
Lack of food
Airway, Respiration and VenIdentify the type of problem that blue mucous membrane Lack of ox Rolling in
Airway, Respiration and VenAn artificial airway, like an endotracheal tube, is used inPositive PrNegative pUpward pr
Airway, Respiration and VenPressure is applied to the abdomen and thorax to draw Negative
ai pPositive PrUpward pr
Airway, Respiration and VenIron lung ventilators used after the polio epidemics in t Negative prPositive PrUpward pr
Airway, Respiration and VenOne of the following modes of ventilation “locks out” the ControlledSynchronou Assist Con
Airway, Respiration and VenOne of the following modes of ventilation has the risk ofAssist Con Pressure CControlled
Airway, Respiration and VenThe mode of ventilation which allows the patient to breSynchronou Assist Con Pressure C
Airway, Respiration and VenMinute ventilation is equal to… Tidal Volu Tidal Volu FiO2 X PEE
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat are the Ventilator Parameters adjusted to mainta Tidal Volu FiO2 and Tidal Volu
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich are the Ventilator Parameters adjusted to maint FiO2 and PTidal Volu Tidal Volu
Airway, Respiration and VenOne of the following modes of ventilation reduces the wPressure ControlledSynchronou
Airway, Respiration and VenCPAP and BiPAP modes are usually used… All of the in conjuncto delay in
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich one of the following modes of ventilation is triggPressure CSynchronou Assist Con
Airway, Respiration and VenThere can be variations in the minute ventilation in onePressure ControlledSynchronou
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following conditions require a higher PEEPAcute RespBronchietaEmphysem
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat differences in a child’s airway might make airway a smaller j smaller jawsmaller jaw
Airway, Respiration and VenA normal respiratory rate for an adult is ____ while a n 12 to 20 a 22 to 30 a 12 to 20 a
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat is the first thing you should do before inserting Select the Make sure Look t up the
Airway, Respiration and VenEmergency care for patients who are not breathing adequ CPR ventilatoryairway ma
Airway, Respiration and VenYou arrive on scene to find a young woman who is having assess the administeradminister
Airway, Respiration and VenYou’re called to a home and find an unresponsive male. SimultaneoGet a bloodGet a tempe
Airway, Respiration and VenWheezing can be described as ____. a high-pit wet, crack tiny poppi
Airway, Respiration and VenYou’re responding to a call for a 44 year-old woman whoAssess her Place a no Perform an
Airway, Respiration and VenWhen assessing breathing, tidal volume refers to ____. the depth how regulawhether a
Airway, Respiration and VenYou are treating an adult patient who is unresponsive a 10—15 sec15—20 secas long as
Airway, Respiration and VenIf manually ventilating a patient, you should squeeze th 5 to 6, 3 to5 to 6, 5 to8 to 10, 6
Airway, Respiration and VenA nasal cannula can be run at how many LPM? 1 to 6 LPM5 to 10 LP 1 to 15 LP
Airway, Respiration and VenYou are manually ventilating a patient using a bag valv RepositionSqueeze thPut down t
Airway, Respiration and VenYou’re on scene at a high school football game. A footbaperformingadministerdoing a hea
Airway, Respiration and VenThe lungs are made up of how many lobes? 5 4 6
Airway, Respiration and VenYou arrive on scene to a car accident and are treating a doing the placing a copening hi
Airway, Respiration and VenYou have a patient who has a history of asthma and is haincreased hbradycardivomiting
Airway, Respiration and VenYou have an unresponsive patient with an intact gag reflTry the othTry a smalleSwitch to a
Airway, Respiration and VenYou’re treating an adult patient who is wearing a non-reMake sure Tell t the pa Tell the pa
Airway, Respiration and VenSymptoms of asthma most often include ____. wheezing, headache vomiting a
Airway, Respiration and VenName the process of gaseous exchange in the body. Respiratio Lymphatic Respirator
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following is NOT the function of the respi Protection Contains reRegulate b
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of this statement is TRUE for pulmonary respirat Exchange oExchange oBreathing
Airway, Respiration and VenWhich of the following controls the normal breathing p Dorsal respAmino acidCholestero
Airway, Respiration and VenOxygen and hemoglobin bind in a reversible manner to OxyhemoglMethoglobBPG
Airway, Respiration and VenHow many oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin to gi 2 3 4
Airway, Respiration and VenWhat is the name of the gland which secrete melatoninPineal gla Thyroid gl Hypothala
Airway, Respiration and VenIntercostal spaces
State the type of blood vessel that has been damaged ifare stiffen
there contain
is steady mus
flow contain
of dark an
Cardiology and Resuscitati red blood coming from a wound : Vein Capillary Artery
Cardiology and Resuscitati State the type of blood vessel that has been damaged, iArtery Vein Capillary
Cardiology and Resuscitati What is the time frame in which cardiogenic shock can oimmediatelbetween 24 immediatel
Cardiology and Resuscitati ____ is when the heart muscles are not strong enough congestiveacute myoca transient i
Cardiology and Resuscitati Compare acute myocardial infarction and dissecting aorAcute myoca Acute myoca Dissecting
Cardiology and Resuscitati Vital signs should be assessed at least every ____ minute 5 8 2
Cardiology and Resuscitati The average titration of oxygen for treatment is betwee95% and 992% and 994% and 9
Cardiology and Resuscitati Which could be a reason that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) documented all of thesestomach ul
Cardiology and Resuscitati Select the best answer regarding the precautions that arWear gloveCheck expiWear glove
Cardiology and Resuscitati The administration of nitroglycerin by an EMT requires dpatient takpatient witpatient di
Cardiology and Resuscitati Select the most accurate list of precautions/contraindicause of ere systolic b use of lasi
Cardiology and Resuscitati What is the maximum dosage frequency and time frame3 fo doses, a 4 doses, a 2 doses, a
Cardiology and Resuscitati What is the correct placement of the color coded ECG cwhite-pt riwhite-pt riwhite-pt ri
Cardiology and Resuscitati What specific measures are taken for a patient experiencing symptoms of an acute myocardial infar
Cardiology and Resuscitati What specific measures are taken for a patient experienc ImplementCheck to seAvoid perfo
Cardiology and Resuscitati Continuous pumping performed by a left ventricular assis palpate, putreat, card assess, bl
Cardiology and Resuscitati You come on the scene of a 2-year-old patient with her A g ttach AEDShake and Attach AED
Cardiology and Resuscitati Identify the sequential links of the chain of survival for Identify e Identify eaActivate E
Cardiology and Resuscitati If your AED says, “no shock advised” because patient rhBegin CPR,Begin CPR,Begin CPR,
Cardiology and Resuscitati You encounter a 4-month-old baby in cardiac arrest of manual defi any AED AED withou
Cardiology and Resuscitati What is the best step for a responsive cardiac emergencDo not useCheck vitalBegin CPR,
Cardiology and Resuscitati The acronym ROSC means ____. return of sreturn of srapid oxyg
Cardiology and Resuscitati The pulse of the unconscious patient should be checked 30 60 10
EMS Operations Name
Name thethe substance
substance in
in the
the list
list that
that can
can be
be used
used to
to treatVinegar
treat bee stingsBicarbonatWater
:
EMS Operations BicarbonatVinegar
The position in whichWater to place the animal to
EMS Operations Explain the term ‘recovery position’ when related to firstthe heart isThe exposed
positiofor
The
Overemergency
positio procedu
the counter (OCT
EMS Operations You arrive on scene to find a patient with an altered men MedicationA smell of
Coronary Artery
High cholesterol
Disease
EMS Operations Your patient is not responding to your loud verbal stimuDiabetic reBeta blocker overdose
EMS Operations Your neuro assessment of an unresponsive patient reveal Narcotic Insulin ov
EMS Operations What is the best description of the National Incident NIMS proviNIMS provid NIMS is use
EMS Operations What is the advantage of using the Incident Command SThe ICS givThe ICS is The ICS pro
EMS Operations What is the term for an incident with many victims? Mass-Casua Multiple R Multiple Vi
EMS Operations What is triage? a method of a method ta method t
EMS Operations What is the name of the reference used to determine ththe DOT E the Shippi the Materi
EMS Operations What is among the greatest causes of crashes in a mo distracted high speedincreased v
EMS Operations Who is responsible for the daily inspection of an ambu the staff a the governthe staff w
EMS Operations Upon arrival on a scene, your first responsibility is to __size-up th begin care gown/glove
EMS Operations When cleaning an ambulance, what mixture of bleach 1:10 to 1:11:2 dilutio Bleach is
EMS Operations Which of these procedures are necessary in preparationall of thesechecking t checking s
EMS Operations In the event of a dangerous situation where hazardous upwind andat the sce downwind
EMS Operations According to patients, what is the portion of contact w the ride i having probeing back
EMS Operations From which direction should you never approach a helico the rear the pilot’s the left sid
EMS Operations What is the minimum recommended area for a helicopt60’ by 60’ 120’ by 12030’ x 30’ or
EMS Operations Which of the following is generally not considered a a machine a weaponiza chemical
EMS Operations Which of the following should not be considered if you It doesn’t A hazardouA chemical
EMS Operations What is a blind spot? Any area arThe area inThe area i
EMS Operations What motor vehicle safety system is a hazard to personnan airbag the seat bethe passive
EMS Operations The most lethal type of radiation is ____. neutron raAlpha partiBeta partic
EMS Operations The lights and siren on an emergency vehicle ____. are a requeallow an em allow the e
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following is a probable sign of pregnancy?Goodell's SQuickeningAmenorrhe
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which statement by the patient (who is 5'5 127 lbs) wo "I can expe"I will nee "I need to
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A patient who is 35 weeks pregnant states she thinks her Nitrazine stUltrasoundNonstress t
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A pregnant patient has a nonstress test performed. The "Reactive" "NonreactiNegative Co
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A patient is undergoing an amniocentesis. Which statemThe patientThe patientIt is perf
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A patient is having an abdominal ultrasound to assess feBefore theAn abdomina Generally,
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A patient is the third trimester of her pregnancy states DorsiflexinAvoiding reTell the pa
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Your patient has underwent testing of her blood type anAt 28 weekAt 36 weekNo further
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which period of gestation does the 3rd trimester repre 29-40 wee28-40 wee30-41 wee
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following are risk factors for pre-eclampsi all of the Change of Family hist
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following need to be present for a womenHypertensiHypertensiHypertensi
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following are complications of induction? Uterine hyCaesarian
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which one of the following pregnancies carries the hig MonochoriA Singleto Dichorioni
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following statements is true of the fetal ci The umbilicA 100% of Tt he arteria
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn By how much does the body cells need for oxygen incre 20% 10% 30%
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Excessive vomiting in early pregnancy is known as: HyperemesH ypervomi
“You Normal
will have inyour physici
to ask
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following would be the nurse’s most appro“The placen “You need
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn When assessing a client during her first prenatal visit “I support “It’s yourcontr
commitment; however, you
“You shoul
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A client, 30 weeks pregnant, is scheduled for a biophysic The client The client
A client with severe preeclampsia is admitted with of BP 160/110, proteinuria, and severe pitting ed
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Seizure precautions
Daily weig Right lateralmalformed
A severely positionin
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A clientadministering
When makes a routine visit to the
magnesium prenatal
sulfate to a clinic. A Grapelike
client with cAn
preeclampsia, empty
Reduce g pressure
the blood
nurse understands that t
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A client with severe preeclampsia is admitted with of BP 160/110, proteinuria, andthe
Prevent se Slow pr pitting ed
severe
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Seizure precautions
Daily weig Right lateral
Goodell’s signpositionin
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn During a pelvic exam the nurse notes a purple-blue tingChadwick’sBraxton-HiFetal kicking felt by the
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn The nurse documents positive ballottement in the client’Passive moPalpable c
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Ripening of the cervix occurs during the: First stage Second st Third stag
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn In what presentation is the head in extreme flexion? Vertex Sinciput Brow
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following factors is the underlying cause oMechanicaNutritionalEnvironmen
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn In face presentation the dominator is Mentum Scapula Occiput
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn When the fetal head is at the level of the ischial spine, itStation “0”Station –1 Station +1
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which is a primary power of labor? Cterine conPushing ofIntrathorac
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn In the second stage of labor, uterine contraction last 60 seconds20 second 30 second
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn The time between uterine contractions is Interval Intensity Duration
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Because of the position of the fetus, an episiotomy has Heals moreIt is more dIt is more
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Low birth weight is due to a number of factors includingall of the Age of the Improper o
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn How many centimetres must the cervix dilute to before10cm 5cm 15cm
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn The term "effleurage" refers to _____________ in the Llight stro muscle rel controlled
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn When the baby’s head is out, the immediate action of thCheck if thCut the umb Wipe the b
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn In vaginal delivery done in the hospital setting, the do Oxytocin caOxytocin wiOxytocin wi
Place the mother on se
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn When the bag of waters ruptures spontaneously, the nurse Cover the Push back t
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn In a gravido-cardiac mother, the first 2 hours postpartum a The
There isafter maternThe delive
The placenta should be delivered normally within ___ minutes the delivery of the baby.
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn 30 minutes 5 minutes 45 minutes
3.Cranial hematoma in the fetus
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn 4.Fetal anoxia 1,2,3,4 1 & 2 2&4
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn When giving narcotic analgesics to mother in labor, the U s terine conCervical di Uterine con
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Upon assessment, the nurse got the following findings: Hemorrhage InadequateBlood volu
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A nurse in the labor room is caring for a client in the a AdministerPlace the mDocument t
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A nurse is performing an assessment of a client who is Fetal heartWhite blooMaternal p
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A nurse is monitoring a client in active labor and notes Notify the Encourage
Document
t
Encourage
the findings and tell the mother
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A nurse is caring for a client in labor and is monitoring Take the mo Notify the of accelerati
Identifying the types
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A nurseofisthe
Which admitting a pregnant
following clientinitial
is the nurse's to theaction
labor when
roomAssessing
umbilical tcord prolapse
Determinin
occurs?
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Place the cNotify the Apply a steintervals
Gradually increasing
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following characteristics of contractions wIncreasing Starting m
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Which of the following nursing interventions would the Promote paCoach for eObtain
Limiting hypovolemic shock a u
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn When uterine rupture occurs, which of the following wo Obtaining Instituting
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A client asks the nurse what a third degree laceration is That Through thThat involv
extenan
Obtaining order toPreparing
begin IV oxytocin
for a cesarea
infu
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn After 4 hours of active labor, the nurse notes that the c Administeri
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn When PROM occurs, which of the following provides evid PROM remov The chorioNursing car
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A client who’s admitted to labor and delivery has the foPreparing fProviding Checking f
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A multigravida at 38 weeks’ gestation is admitted with Cervical dilation
ContractioFetal heart
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A normal heart rate for a newborn is typically ____ thanfaster It dependsslower
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn The female reproductive system includes all of the folloureter fallopian t ovaries
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn In school-age children between 6 and 12, the leading caunintentionchoking child abus
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn When dealing with a medical call, your primary assessmthe nature a thoroughpatient’s
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn The most important aspect of a scene size-up is ____. determining deciding wh counting t
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn You’re called to the home of a 65-year-old man. When you all of theseunconscioutrouble br
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn The time you should spend on scene for critical patients10 minutes30 minutes20 to 30 m
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Conditions that may mimic the symptoms of a stroke incl a myocardia hyperglycea subdural
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn You are called to the scene and find a 10-year-old boy ogeneralizedan aura a simple pa
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn You respond to a call for a possible overdose. You arrivepossibly a intubating inducing v
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn A weak and rapid pulse, low blood pressure, and clammy hypoglyce a diabetic hyperglyce
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn You respond to a call for a man with an ALOC. When youCall for l Place restrApproach th
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn You are called to provide emergency treatment to a femal Ask the woLimit the pTry to pres
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn To determine if a newborn needs resuscitation, you shotone, respiblood presheart rate
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn Crowning during labor refers to ____. the appearthinning ofthe baby m
Medical / Obstetrics / Gyn You are called to the home of a 90-year-old male who isstart CPR Call hospicProvide lim
Trauma Identify which of the following terms does not describeInfused Incised Contused
Trauma Identify which of the following terms does not describe Infused GreenstickCompound
Trauma State the key action involved in stopping any bleeding : Pressure Elevation Cooling
Trauma Which type of fracture is most common in the newbornCalvicular Humeral Femoral
Trauma A nurse is caring for a client in labor. The nurse deter The cervix The client The contrac
 Wrong 3 Rationale
It can onl The correct answer is It can only be used temporarily and must be replaced by an airway adjunct.
assess the The jaw-thrust maneuver should be used when the mechanism of injury is unclear.
Insert an oThis situation sould be managed by alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes.
the pop-ofYou must make sure that an airway adjunct has been inserted.
The diaphrDuring inhalation the intercostal muscles and diaphragm both contract.
The capillaDuring cellular/capillary gas exchange the capillaries give up oxygen to the cells.
Flow-restr Mouth-to mask technique with supplemental oxygen is the preferred method for initially providing artificial ventilati
accessory A reduced tidal volume would most likely occur from unequal chest expansion.
A 50-year-oA 41-year-old woman with shallow respirations of 20 breaths/min. She is exhibiting signs of inadequate breathing.
swelling ofSnoring respirations in an unresponsive patient most likely are the result of upper airway obstruction by the tongue.
The jaw-thRespirations of 16 breaths/min with good chest expansion are most appropriately managed by an airway adjunct an
providing oInitial management of an unconscious adult patient who fell 15' from a tree includes performing a jaw-thrust.
insert an The first action when treating a 40-year old man with rapid respirations is assessing the regularity and quality of bre
Supine Fowler's position would be expected to a patient with severe dyspnea.
Pocket masPocket mask, two-person BVM, flow-restricted oxygen-powered ventilation device, one-person BVM are the list of te
volume of Tidal volume defined as the volume of air inhaled in a single breath.
A severely It would be most likely to encounter agonal respirations in a patient who is in the midst of complete respiratory failu
make sure You should next remove the oropharyngeal airway and be prepared to suction the mouth.
suction theYou should evaluate the mask-to-face seal and the position of the patient's head.
deliver 2 byou should deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min.
4 seconds When ventilating a patient with apnea with a pocket mask device, each breath should be delivered over 1 second.
A nasal canthe most appropriate method of airway management for this patient is supplemental oxygen with a non-rebreathing
applying 1 A semiconscious young man has shallow, gurgling respirations at a rate of 10 breaths/min. Initial management shoul
Stridor Wheezing sounds would most likely indicate a lower airway obstruction.
immediateYour initial management should include positive pressure ventilations with 100% oxygen.
Left mains This finding MOST likely indicates potential internal injury to the thorax.
attach an eImmediately after placing an endotracheal tube in an adult patient, th e paramedic should inflate the distal cuff with
inserting aSnoring respirations in an elderly woman found unconscious in herbed are most rapidly managed by manually mane
the best airway device to use in a deeply unconscious intoxicated patient
State of al Distal capillary refill signs is least reliable when assessing the ventilatory status of an adult patient ?
prepare forThe correct answer is suction the oropharynx
TachypneaThe
Expiratory correct
wheezing answer
and pink, is Warm,
moist skinmoist skin is most indicative of adequate breathing
Labored The correct answer is Respirations at a rate of 18 breaths/min with reduced tidal volume
breathing
The correct answer is Inspiratory stridor
When the palaryngeal mask airway (LMA) should be used when the patient cannot be intubated, as an alternative to the bag-ma
asymmetriThe clinical finding in which the systolic BP drops more than 10 mm Hg during inhalation is called: pulsus paradoxus.
Cheyne-St Kussmaul is the abnormal respiratory pattern that you see in the patient with ketoacidosis.
Hyperexte The patient's head must be placed In neutral position when preparing to intubate with a Combitube.
Bag-mask device
The MOST definitive way to control the airway in an unconscious patient is Endotracheal tube.
Rocuroniu Succinycholine chloride is the only depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that is used in the field.
Vallecula Epiglottis is the leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and liquid from getting into the larynx during swallowing?
25 mL
2 lpm 100 mL air inflates the proximal balloon on the Combitube.
A nasal cannula used to administer O2 at flow rates from 2 - 6 LPM, delivering an O2 concentration so 28 - 44%
Nasal GastThis device is also known as a Combi-Tube
2-6 LPM
Bite Block 12-15 LPM administered via a NBR or Non Rebreather mask is considered "100% O2"
The "Jaw Thrust" maneuver should be used to open the airway of any patient who has suffered a traumatic injury
Aero ChamA Metered Dose Inhaler is commonly used to treat Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and other respi
Epiglottis The airway is divided into two different anatomical locations; the upper airway and lower airway. The upper airway
NasopharyThe pharynx or throat is often occluded by the tongue falling back and obstructing air flow. When air enters the nos
Veinules Within each air sac, the oxygen concentration is high, so oxygen passes or diffuses across the alveolar membrane int
Outward The diaphragm is a thin tough muscle which separates the thorax and abdomen. The diaphragm is domed upward i
Trans thoracic
For air to be pushed out of the lungs, the trans thoracic pressure must rise above atmospheric (barometric) pressure
Mouth-to-With both mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask ventilation, it is relatively easy to maintain a good seal with the pati
Hyoid cartiWhile all of theses structures are in the same general area, the paramedic specifically utilizes the Cricoid cartilage. T
Lowered The patient would be hypercapnic as he is probably only ventilating dead space. The patient is not breathing deep e
Acute bronAdult respiratory distress syndrome involves non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that presents 12-72 hours post inju
Mouth-to-mouth.
The two person
if required; bag-valve-mask
Circulation is the
– Heart and most
pulse effective
– check the method
beat, its to administer
rate ventilations
and strength, with a BVM; however, it is no
and record
Airway, Bodthe
Blueinformation.
Lack of water If the heart
mucous membranes has stopped,
indicate then
that there is aproceed
problemwith
with heart massage.
oxygen getting to the tissues of the body.
DownwardAn artificial airway, like an endotracheal tube, is used in the Positive Pressure type of ventilation.
DownwardPressure is applied to the abdomen and thorax to draw air into the lungs through the upper airway in the Negative p
DownwardIron lung ventilators used after the polio epidemics in the first half of the 20th century belong to Negative pressure V
Pressure CControlled Mandatory Ventilation “locks out” the patient's efforts to breathe.
Synchronou Assist Control Mode mode of ventilation has the risk of the patient getting respiratory alkalosis.
ControlledThe mode of ventilation which allows the patient to breathe spontaneously at his or her own respiratory rate and de
FiO2/PEEPMinute ventilation is equal to Tidal Volume X Respiratory Rate.
FiO2 and RTidal Volume and Respiratory Rate are the Ventilator Parameters adjusted to maintain the optimum Minute Ventilati
FiO2 and RFiO2 and PEEP are the Ventilator Parameters adjusted to maintain the optimum oxygenation.
Assist Con Pressure Support Mode of ventilation reduces the work of breathing by overcoming the resistance created by ventila
as a weaniAll of the above are the right answers.
ControlledPressure Control Mode of ventilation is triggered by time, limited by pressure and affects aspiration only.
Pressure CThere can be variations in the minute ventilation as the respiratory rate and tidal volume is determined by the
Asthma Hypotension is a risk of keeping high PEEP
longer air Children have a smaller jaw a proportionally larger tongue, which can make manual ventilation and intubation more
8 to16 and
Tilt the he Before the airway can be inserted, the correct size needs to be selected. If the wrong size is inserted the airway may
supplement If the patient is not breathing adequately b
provide ai Epinephrine is used to treat anaphylactic shock, and should be administered. The patient’s airway may be comprom
Check the pIn an unresponsive person, you may have to initiate CPR. It’s essential to check to determine if a patient has a pulse
loud snori Wheezing is produced by narrowing or obstruction of the lower airways, which often causes a high-pitched, whistlin
Immediately The patient is breathing since she is talking. There is no need to manually ventilate her at this time. You should perfo
the rate a Tidal volume is the amount of air a person inhales with one breath or how deeply they are breathing.
< 5 secondNote that we have had reports of a new standard for adult suctioning that has been reduced to 10 seconds, but we
2 to 3, 6 toTo maintain adequate perfusion, manual ventilation should be performed at a rate of 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds i
1 to 8 LPMA flow of over 6 LPM will not increase the delivered FIO2 and may dry the mucus membranes and be uncomfortable
Do a fingerTo ensure ventilations are effective, make sure the airway is open by repositioning the head. It’s also essential to hav
placing a The patient is not ventilating adequately. A RR of 4 is too low and he needs ventilatory support. Placing a non-rebrea
2 There are three lobes on the right lung including the upper, middle and lower. The left lung has two lobes including t
doing the heThe patient was in a car accident and injuries are not entirely known. The jaw thrust technique should be used to op
 sleepiness Albuterol, a bronchodilator used to treat asthma, may cause cardiovascular side effects such as increased heart rate
Push it in You do not want to use the wrong size airway or it will not be effective. Never force the airway in. An oral airway will
Switch to aA non-rebreather should be used with an oxygen flow rate high enough to inflate the reservoir bag, which is a minim
fever and Asthma causes a constriction of the airways and increased mucus production, which often causes shortness of breat
CardiovascRespiration is the process of gaseous exchange in the body while cardiovascular regulates the blood flow throughou
Helps in g Respiratory system helps in regulation of blood, pH, and also contain receptors of smell, produces vocal sound and fi
ProductionPulmonary respiration is the exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in the capillaries. Exc
Ventral resVentral respiratory group contains both inspiratory and expiratory neurons and controlled forced breathing while do
CarboxyheOxyhemoglobin is formed by the combination of oxygen and hemoglobin. Oxygen binds to the hemoglobin in a reve
6 Hemoglobin can bind with maximum 4 oxygen molecules, so for obtaining 50% saturation only 2 molecules of oxyge
Pituitary g Pineal gland is the smallest endocrine gland attached to the roof of the brain and secrete melatonin. Melatonin is re
contain th The
Darkcorrect answer
red blood is Intercostal
flowing spaces
from a wound in are stiffened
copious during inspiration and expiration by the contraction of the inte
amounts
nerve indicates a damaged
Bright-red-spurting vein always
blood and should be treated
indicates a damagedimmediately.
artery
nerve and should be treated immediately
immediatelCardiogenic shock is a condition in which the heart suddenly cannot pump enough blood to meet the demands of th
pulmonaryWhen the ventricular heart muscle lacks the ability to pump blood adequately and do the job of moving blood throu
Pain from aThat said, it may be difficult for the patient to describe his or her pain, but these are things to look for. Also, treatme
10 Close observation of vital signs allows for timely action if the patient status declines. The caregiver must maintain fre
93% and 9The patient whose pulse oximetry is below 94% will require support and assistance. Delivering oxygen at a 95-99% le
bleeding c ASA is a key and best practice preventative measure for cardiac emergencies. While stomach ulcers and bleeding con
Check expiNitroglycerin is absorbed through the skin and the administrator should wears gloves to prevent contact. A mask is n
patient re Medications for erectile dysfunction and nitroglycerin can interact with fatal results. On the other hand, nitroglycerin
use of ASAVasodilator drugs, head injury, or low blood pressure can be further complicated, as nitroglycerin acts to decrease th
6 doses wiThe maximum dosage should not be exceeded without express orders from a physician. Nitroglycerin given in highe
white-pt ri
n acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who also has a history of heart bypass or an internal defibrillator?
Never start
treat, res The left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) mechanism can be pulsatile or continuous. When the pumping mechanism
Attach AEDCardiac arrest is uncommon in children with no history. If there are no pulses, respiratory incident is most likely the c
Activate E Note that CPR should be immediately resumed after the first AED shock. Also, the AED will analyze the patient’s hea
No interveTo provide immediate support, manual CPR should be started, even if the patient is asystole and the AED says not to
AED with pOf course, you’ll need to follow all local protocols for defibrillation as you do with other procedures. Some local serv
Attach andThe AED is a computer: It may not be able to differentiate among an active patient’s movement, manual CPR, and he
respiratoryThis acronym is used when a patient who was unresponsive and without pulses regains circulation during the course
15 Note that
Vinegar a pulse
can be usedmay
tobe checked
treat wasp for 10 seconds
stings. The acidic and multiplied
nature of by 6.
salt wter the vinegar neutralizes
Bicarbonate of soda canthebealkaline
used to nature
treat beeof the wasp
stings. Thesting.
alkaline
salt water nature neutralizes
regularly. the acidic nature of the bee sting.
The positio
Unkempt ho The scene survey can lead to some very important clues as to what might be going on with your patient. Medication
High bloodGlucophage is a diabetic medication. You may not be able to identify what type of reaction your patient is having wi
Aspirin Narcotics will cause pupils to constrict making them the classic pin point. All of the other medications mentioned he
NIMS is th NIMS provides a framework to enable federal, state, and local governments, as well as private sector and nongovern
The ICS pr
Triage A Mass-Casualty Incident generally involves at least three patients or a similar demand on the EMS system or is an in
a method oThe goal of triage is to do the greatest good for the greatest number of patients.
CHEMTRECWhile all these documents do provide information about emergency response, the Emergency Response Guide prov
other vehicWhile all of these are contributing causes of crashes involving ambulances, the ever-increasing use of technology in
the chief oA mechanical,
following safety,
standard and equipment
precautions for theinspection should be done prior to using a vehicle.
type of incident
evaluate foMaintaining the line of communication can be critical to getting all needed resources to a scene and this quick asses
1:5 dilutio Our most-used study book recommends a ratio of 1:10, but other sources say that high ratio is not necessary and/or
familiarizi No one of these items is less important for doing your job.
at the stat Being upwind and uphill prevents heavier than air chemicals from reaching your position.
being move
the front Note: Helicopter designs do vary and no untrained personnel should approach a helicopter during field operations.
80’ by 90’ Helicopters are designed to land on a variety of surfaces. Different facilities, helicopter fleets, and localities may have
a “dirty” WMDs is a nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological weapon designed to inflict maximum damage or casualties o
The possibiConsistent breathing symptoms in all victims indicates an outside cause to the problem. It is likely that EMS does no
The area uTo a great extent, each of these answers is correct, however, the correct answer is the best choice.
an airbag An airbag that hasn’t gone off is a threat to both patient and responder on a scene. Firefighters should disable the e
Gamma radi Neutron radiation is by far the more powerful and requires several feet of concrete for protection.
allow the oallow the operator of an emergency vehicle to drive without regard for the safety of others
Fetal heartPregnancy signs are categorized into 3 categories: Presumptive, Probable, and Positive. Amenorrhea and quickening
If a woman has a normal pre-pregnancy weight she should expect to gain 25 to 35 lbs during her pregnancy. All othe
"I don't h
Amniocente Because 35 weeks is still early for the delivery of a baby, an ultrasound and nonstress test will probably be ordered a
Positive CoThe results of the question describe a "reactive" nonstress test and the fetus is healthy.
It is normaAll options are incorrect expect for that the patient should be in the supine position.
There are A patient should have a full bladder before the procedure so better images of the fetus can be obtained. So instructi
A prenatal Legs cramps are normal in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and is usually caused by an altered calcium-phosp
The patient's Rh factor is negative so she will need to receive the Rh immune globulin at 28 weeks. If the patient wa
The patient
27-39 weeThe third trimester starts at 29 weeks and ends at 40 weeks.
Obesity (B All of the above are the risk factors.
HypertensiPre-eclampsia is defined as the presence of both hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy.
Uterine ru Induction of labour increases the risk of a number of complications. The uterus can become over stimulated causing
Monochorio Pregnancies that share the placenta and amnion are at highest risk of adverse outcome because of risk of twin-to-tw
The foramenUnusually for a vein, the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the IVC via the ductus venosu
40% There is a significant increase in oxygen demand during normal pregnancy. This is due to a 15% increase in the meta
Morning siHyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight l
“The placenA complete placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers the opening of the uterus, thus blocking the passagewa
“You shouldRecent
be ablebreast reduction without
to breast-feed surgeriesdifficulty.”
are done in a way to protect the milk sacs and ducts, so breast-feeding after surge
The fetus sThe BPP evaluates fetal health by assessing five variables: fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal
Women hospitalized with severe preeclampsia need decreased CNS stimulation to prevent a seizure. Seizure precau
Stress reduction
In a client
An extrauterine with gestational trophoblastic disease, an ultrasound performed after the 3rd month shows grapelike clus
pregnancy
Increase diThe chemical makeup of magnesium is similar to that of calcium and, therefore, magnesium will act like calcium in t
Women hospitalized with severe preeclampsia need decreased CNS stimulation to prevent a seizure. Seizure precau
Stress reduction
McDonald’sChadwick’s sign refers to the purple-blue tinge of the cervix. Braxton Hicks contractions are painless contractions be
Enlargemen Ballottement indicates passive movement of the unengaged fetus. Ballottement is not a contraction. Fetal kicking fe
Fourth staCervical ripening refers to the softenig of the cervix that typially begins prior to the the onset of labor contractions a
Face Vertex presentation allows well flexed head.
Medical Dystocia is difficult, painful, prolonged labor due to mechanical factors involving the fetus (passenger), uterus (powe
Brow In face preentation the dominator is mentum (chin).
Station +2 0 station. This is when the baby's head is even with the ischial spines. The baby is said to be "engaged" when the lar
AbdominalThe primary power of normal labour is uterine contraction. It puts the baby in position,causes decent, cervical dilati
120 secon The second stage can last from 20 minutes to 2 hours. Contractions will last about 60 seconds at intervals of 3-5 min
FrequencyThe time between contractions includes the length or duration of the contraction and the minutes in between the c
It involve Episiotomy include easy repair and improved healing
DecreasedFactors related to low birth weigt babies are poor maternal nutrition, maternal age, and Improper or inadequate pr
20cm The time of the onset of true labor until the cervix is completely dilated to 10 cm. The period after the cervix is dilat
the absencEffleurage - a rhythmic stroking; "effleurage of the abdomen is used in the Lamaze method of childbirth"
Deliver theThe nurse should check if there is a cord coil because the baby will not be delivered safely if the cord is coiled aroun
Giving oxytThe action of oxytocin is to make the uterus contract as well make the cervix close. If it is given prior to placental de
Push back The correct action of the nurse is to cover the cord with sterile gauze wet with sterile NSS. Observe strict asepsis in t
The motherDuring the pregnancy, there is an increase in maternal blood volume to accommodate the need of the fetus. When
60 minutesThe placenta is delivered within 30 minutes from the delivery of the baby. If it takes longer, probably the placenta is
2,3,4 all the above conditions can occur following a precipitate labor and delivery of the fetus because there was little tim
The progres Narcotic analgesics must be given when uterine contractions are already well established so that it will not cause sto
Normal bloAll the signs in the stem of the question are signs of hemorrhage. If the fundus is soft and boundaries not well defin
Increase thLate decelerations are due to uteroplacental insufficiency as the result of decreased blood flow and oxygen to the fe
Hemoglobin A normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute. A count of 180 beats per minute could indicate fetal distress a
Continue mo A normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute. Fetal bradycardia between contractions may indicate the nee
RepositionAccelerations
the mother andarecheck
transient increasesfor
the monitor in changes
the fetalin
heart rate that
the fetal often accompany contractions or are caused by feta
tracing
Determining Assessing the baseline fetal heart rate is important so that abnormal variations of the baseline rate will be identified
Begin moniThe immediate priority is to minimize pressure on the cord. Thus the nurse’s initial action involves placing the client
With true labor, contractions increase in intensity with walking. In addition, true labor contractions occur at regular
Occurring atrue labor contractions gradually shortens.
Assess uteDuring the third stage of labor, which begins with the delivery of the newborn, the nurse would promote parent-new
Inserting aWith uterine rupture, the client is at risk for hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the priority is to prevent and limit hypov
That extenThird degree laceration involves all in the second degree laceration and the external sphincter of the rectum. Option
Increasing The client’s labor is hypotonic. The nurse should call the physical and obtain an order for an infusion of oxytocin, wh
PROM is asPROM can precipitate many potential and actual problems; one of the most serious is the fetus loss of an effective d
Placing theThis question requires an understanding of station as part of the intrapartal assessment process. Based on the client
Maternal viThe signs indicate placenta previa and vaginal exam to determine cervical dilation would not be done because it cou
the same
vagina The ureter is part of the urinary system. The ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina are all considered part of the femal
cancer Injuries sustained from accidents are reported by the CDC to be the number one cause of death in children in this ag
complete m
figuring ouIt’s essential to make sure the scene is safe before you attempt to care for the patient. Failing to do so can result in in
severe ble Severe bleeding, inadequate breathing, and a loss of consciousness (which can compromise the patient’s airway) can
as long as Patients who are critical need to be transported ASAP to have the best chance of survival. Many lifesaving treatment
postictal s
status epil
doing a hea(Any needle removal would have been dealt with during the “Scene Size-Up” with its resulting safety procedures.)
none of th Hyperglycemia can present with similar symptoms, but blood pressure is often within normal range.
Approach hYou have to make sure the situation is safe for you and your partner before approaching the man. Law enforcement
If possible Your job is to provide medical care, not to investigate the crime. Asking detailed information about the assault is the
tone and oTone, respiratory effort and heart rate are the most important factors in determining if a newborn is transitioning we
when a wom Crowning indicates that the baby is at the opening of the birth canal and delivery is imminent.
Assume heUnless you have a written DNR order, signed by the doctor and the patient or his legal surrogate, you should provide
lacerated, abrasions or gunshot wounds. An infused wound is not a recognized type
Puncture of wound. compound and simple are all types of fracture.
Greenstick,
Simple There
nearbyisarea
no such thing asbody
if a foreign an infused fracture.
is embedded in the wound is essential to stopping any
Cleaning bleeding.
Manibula Clavicle, also known as collar bone, fractures are the most common injury sustained by newborns during birth. A cla
The membrThe second stage of labor begins when the cervix is dilated completely and ends with the birth of the neonate.
 rway adjunct.

ons for 2 minutes.

tially providing artificial ventilations to a patient with apnea

signs of inadequate breathing.

rway obstruction by the tongue.
managed by an airway adjunct and oxygen via non-rebreathing mask.
s performing a jaw-thrust.
the regularity and quality of breathing.

one-person BVM are the list of techniques and devices represents the correct order of preference for providing artificial ventilation.

dst of complete respiratory failure.

ld be delivered over 1 second.

al oxygen with a non-rebreathing mask.
s/min. Initial management should include suctioning the oropharynx.

should inflate the distal cuff with 5 to 10 mL of air .

idly managed by manually maneuvering the head.

adult patient ?

as an alternative to the bag-mask device (alone)

ation is called: pulsus paradoxus.

ith a Combitube.

s used in the field.

o the larynx during swallowing?

2 concentration so 28 - 44%
has suffered a traumatic injury
monary Disease, and other respiratory problems.
ower airway. The upper airway starts where air enters the body - the nose (Nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is fil
ir flow. When air enters the nostrils it passes through the nasopharynx, then the oropharynx, and then the pharynx before it enters the tra
cross the alveolar membrane into the pulmonary capillary. At the beginning of the pulmonary capillary, the hemoglobin in the red blood ce
e diaphragm is domed upward in its relaxed state, so when it contracts the diaphragm flattens out causing the volume of the thorax to incr
mospheric (barometric) pressure. The diaphragm will relax and dome upward and the intercostal muscles will contract and pull the rib cag
aintain a good seal with the patient's mouth, allowing for delivery of adequate tidal volumes. Likewise, two person bag-valve-mask techniq
ly utilizes the Cricoid cartilage. This is particularly important since this is the only "full ring" cartilage.
e patient is not breathing deep enough for air exchange to occur in the alveoli, hence the elevated levels of carbon dioxide.
t presents 12-72 hours post injury or surgery. Congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock, while they may occur from the ARDS, have an
ons with a BVM; however, it is not always practical for field application due to limited resources and limited space. The use of mouth to ma

f ventilation.
e upper airway in the Negative pressure type of ventilation.
ury belong to Negative pressure Ventilation.

ry alkalosis.
her own respiratory rate and depth between the ventilator breaths is Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation.

in the optimum Minute Ventilation

the resistance created by ventilator tubing.

ffects aspiration only.

ume is determined by the

ventilation and intubation more difficult. Smaller teeth do not affect airway management.

g size is inserted the airway may not be effective. A nasopharyngeal airway can be used on a patient with or without a gag reflex.

atient’s airway may be compromised due to swelling, so airway support is essential. Supplemental oxygen should also be administered. The
etermine if a patient has a pulse and is breathing. Other vital signs and measurements, such as a BP, blood sugar and temperature can be o
n causes a high-pitched, whistling sound as the air travels through the narrowed space. Stridor is another sound that can often be heard ev
her at this time. You should perform a respiratory assessment including checking oxygenation.
hey are breathing.
reduced to 10 seconds, but we cannot find evidence of this change in any reliable materials. We have also been told that the answer choic
of 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds in an adult, for a total of 10 to 12 breaths a minute. In a child, manual ventilation should be performed at a
embranes and be uncomfortable. If higher flow rates are needed to maintain adequate oxygen levels, switch to another device, such as a si
he head. It’s also essential to have a tight seal between the patient’s face and the mask or air will escape and not be delivered to the patien
ory support. Placing a non-rebreather or nasal cannula will not be sufficient since he has a poor spontaneous respiratory effort. While the “g
eft lung has two lobes including the upper and lower. The left lung only has two lobes because of the room needed for the heart, which is o
technique should be used to open the airway if a cervical injury is suspected.
ects such as increased heart rate.
the airway in. An oral airway will not be tolerated with a patient with an intact gag reflex.
e reservoir bag, which is a minimum of 10 LPM. Switching to a nasal cannula will not deliver the same FIO2. The rate or depth a person inh
h often causes shortness of breath, wheezing breath sounds, and a cough. Fever, vomiting, confusion and a runny nose are not typical.
ulates the blood flow throughout the body.
mell, produces vocal sound and filter inspired air while cardiovascular system protects against blood loss by the formation of blood clots.
d the blood in the capillaries. Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cell occurs in internal respiration.
rolled forced breathing while dorsal respiratory group contains only inspiratory neurons control normal breathing.
inds to the hemoglobin in a reversible manner. 98% of oxygen is trapped inside RBC.
ration only 2 molecules of oxygen should be bound to hemoglobin.
crete melatonin. Melatonin is responsible for settling of the biological clock.
on by the contraction of the intercostal muscles

blood to meet the demands of the body. It typically occurs within 24 hours of an AMI. It is important to know the signs and symptoms of ca
do the job of moving blood through from the atria, it is referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF). This lack of pumping action creates flu
things to look for. Also, treatment may be the same for both kinds of pain, but knowing these characteristics will enable you to give more
. The caregiver must maintain frequent and realistic monitoring and should not let too much time pass between measurements or critical c
Delivering oxygen at a 95-99% level would be appropriate for these patients. Adequate oxygen levels are needed to support the body’s blo
stomach ulcers and bleeding conditions might be a contraindication for therapeutic ASA use, neither would preclude its use in a cardiac em
es to prevent contact. A mask is not necessary. Checking expiration and correct ownership ensures both potency of medication and correct
On the other hand, nitroglycerin is often prescribed to reduce the pain of angina attacks and the patient’s systolic blood pressure should b
nitroglycerin acts to decrease the work of the heart by dilating the cardiac artery and relaxing the blood vessel wall muscles.
ian. Nitroglycerin given in higher doses may negatively impact cardiovascular condition.

When the pumping mechanism is continuous, there are no palpable pulses. It is possible to assess the LVAD patient’s blood pressure— you
atory incident is most likely the cause. AED will help guide cardiac concerns and starting CPR for a child will initiate assessment of airway o
ED will analyze the patient’s heart function and prompt the user concerning shocks and use of continued CPR.
asystole and the AED says not to shock.
her procedures. Some local services do not permit manual or other defibrillation by certain levels of EMTs.
movement, manual CPR, and heart rhythms that should not be shocked.
ains circulation during the course of BLS, CPR, and/or AED use.

on with your patient. Medications for specific medical conditions can lead you in the correct direction. Not only does it give you the patien
eaction your patient is having without more diagnostic testing but it puts you looking in the correct direction. The Lipitor may come into pl
other medications mentioned here do not affect the pupils, even though they may cause an altered mental status.
as private sector and nongovernmental organizations, to work together effectively. It does not dictate responsibility, nor does it aid in prev

nd on the EMS system or is an incident that could cause multiple casualties.

Emergency Response Guide provides immediate information and could be the only accessible document on scene. It should be in all emerg
-increasing use of technology in crew cabs is distracting drivers beyond their ability to drive.

s to a scene and this quick assessment enables you to provide proper precautions necessary to protect yourself.
igh ratio is not necessary and/or may damage finishes, with 1:100 being the ratio needed to disinfect. Consult your local services for recom

icopter during field operations.

ter fleets, and localities may have varying landing zone requirements, but a 60’ x 60’ area is the minimum landing zone size recommended
maximum damage or casualties over a large area.
em. It is likely that EMS does not have proper equipment to enter such a scene and should stage at a safe location.
he best choice.
Firefighters should disable the electrical system of the vehicle.
for protection.

ve.during
bs Amenorrhea and quickening
her pregnancy. All otherare presumptive
options signsstatements.
are correct of pregnancy, and fetal heart rate detected by an electronic devices is a positive sign

s test will probably be ordered after the confirmation via the Nitrazine strip test that the membranes have ruptured. The nitrazine strip tes

tus can be obtained. So instructing the patient to drink water to fill the bladder for the procedure would be ideal.
used
in at by
28 an altered
weeks. calcium-phosphorus
If the balanceher
patient was A+ (meaning andRhpressure
factor isofpositive)
the uterus
sheon the nerves.
would not haveGetting regular
to receive the exercise,
Rh immune increasing calcium intak
globulin.

ng pregnancy.
become over stimulated causing prolonged contractions which can starve the baby of oxygen. It can also cause contractions to be so powe
me because of risk of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and cord entanglement.
to the IVC via the ductus venosus. Umbilical cord pH is usually higher in the vein than in the artery.
ue to a 15% increase in the metabolic rate and a 20% increased consumption of oxygen.
evere nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration. Signs and symptoms may also include vomiting many times a day and feelin
rus, thus blocking the passageway for the baby. This response explains what a complete previa is and the reason the baby cannot come ou
cts, so breast-feeding after surgery is possible. Still, it’s good to check with the surgeon to determine what breast reduction procedure was
ts, gross body movements, fetal tone, reactive fetal heart rate, and qualitative amniotic fluid volume. A normal response for each variable r
revent a seizure. Seizure precautions provide environmental safety should a seizure occur. Because of edema, daily weight is important bu
3rd month shows grapelike clusters of transparent vesicles rather than a fetus. The vesicles contain a clear fluid and may involve all or part
gnesium will act like calcium in the body. As a result, magnesium will block seizure activity in a hyper stimulated neurologic system by inter
revent a seizure. Seizure precautions provide environmental safety should a seizure occur. Because of edema, daily weight is important bu
ons are painless contractions beginning around the 4th month. Goodell’s sign indicates softening of the cervix. Flexibility of the uterus agai
ot a contraction. Fetal kicking felt by the client represents quickening. Enlargement and softening of the uterus is known as Piskacek’s sign.
the onset of labor contractions and is necessary for cervical dilation and passage of the fetus.

fetus (passenger), uterus (powers), pelvis (passage), or psyche.

 id to be "engaged" when the largest part of the head has entered the pelvis.
on,causes decent, cervical dilation and effacement.
60 seconds at intervals of 3-5 minutes of rest in between.
nd the minutes in between the contractions (called the interval).

and Improper or inadequate prenatal care of the mother.

he period after the cervix is dilated to 10 cm until the baby is delivered.
method of childbirth"
safely if the cord is coiled around its neck. Wiping of the face should be done seconds after you have ensured that there is no cord coil but
f it is given prior to placental delivery, the placenta will be trapped inside because the action of the drug is almost immediate if given paren
e NSS. Observe strict asepsis in the care of the cord to prevent infection. The cord has to be kept moist to prevent it from drying. Don’t atte
ate the need of the fetus. When the baby and placenta have been delivered, there is a fluid shift back to the maternal circulation as part of
longer, probably the placenta is abnormally adherent and there is a need to refer already to the obstetrician.
etus because there was little time for the baby to adapt to the passageway. If the presentation is cephalic, the fetal head serves as the main
ished so that it will not cause stoppage of the contraction thus protracting labor. Also, it should be given when delivery of fetus is imminen
ft and boundaries not well defined, the cause of the hemorrhage could be uterine atony.
blood flow and oxygen to the fetus during the uterine contractions. This causes hypoxemia; therefore oxygen is necessary.Option A: The su
ute could indicate fetal distress and would warrant physician notification. By full term. a normal maternal hemoglobin range is 11-13 g/dL a
ntractions may indicate the need for immediate medical management. and the physician or nurse-midwife needs to be notified.
ntractions or are caused by fetal movement. Episodic accelerations are thought to be a sign of fetal-well being and adequate oxygen reserv
e baseline rate will be identified if they occur. Options 1 and 3 are important to assess. but not as the first priority.
ction involves placing the client on bed rest and then placing the client in a knee-chest position or lowering the head of the bed, and eleva
or contractions occur at regular intervals, usually starting in the back and sweeping around to the abdomen. The interval of

nurse would promote parent-newborn interaction by placing the newborn on the mother’s abdomen and encouraging the parents to touch
rity is to prevent and limit hypovolemic shock. Immediate steps should include giving oxygen, replacing lost fluids, providing drug therapy a
sphincter of the rectum. Options B, C and D are under the second degree laceration.
r for an infusion of oxytocin, which will assist the uterus to contact more forcefully in an attempt to dilate the cervix. Administering light se
is the fetus loss of an effective defense against infection. This is the client’s most immediate need at this time. Typically, PROM occurs abou
ment process. Based on the client’s assessment findings, this client is ready for delivery, which is the nurse’s top priority. Placing the client in
ould not be done because it could cause hemorrhage. Assessing maternal vital signs can help determine maternal physiologic status. Fetal

all considered part of the female reproductive system.

use of death in children in this age group.

nt. Failing to do so can result in injury to you or your partner, which only creates more patients that need to be treated. Determining if you
promise the patient’s airway) can all be potentially life-threatening and need to be addressed quickly.
rvival. Many lifesaving treatments can only be administered at the hospital, which is why time on the scene should be limited to 10 minute

s resulting safety procedures.)

n normal range.
hing the man. Law enforcement should always be involved if you’re dealing with an erratic individual.
rmation about the assault is the job of law enforcement. Also, at this point in time, the woman usually does not want to relive the experien
g if a newborn is transitioning well. They can also be assessed quickly, without any special equipment. Color is not a good indicator, since m
al surrogate, you should provide resuscitation.

by newborns during birth. A clavicle fracture is a break in the collar bone and occurs as a result of a difficult delivery or trauma at birth.
h the birth of the neonate.
ding artificial ventilation.
l pass through the nose and is filtered and warmed before passing through the remainder of the upper airway and entering the lower airwa
e pharynx before it enters the trachea. Jaw thrust or chin lift will pull the tongue off the back of the pharynx to open the airway allowing ai
e hemoglobin in the red blood cells has carbon dioxide bound to it and very little oxygen. The oxygen binds to hemoglobin and the carbon d
the volume of the thorax to increase. Since the pressure in the thorax is lower than atmospheric pressure, air will rush into the lungs and
will contract and pull the rib cage inward. This action increases the trans thoracic pressure above atmospheric pressure which forces air ou
o person bag-valve-mask techniques dedicate one rescuer solely to ensuring adequate mask seal and the second rescuer to squeeze the ve

carbon dioxide.
ay occur from the ARDS, have an initial cardiac compromise. Flash pulmonary edema has a rapid onset and deterioration over as little as 30
d space. The use of mouth to mask ventilations is also identified as a viable form of artificial ventilations, but the risk of cross contamination

y Ventilation.

or without a gag reflex.

hould also be administered. There is no need to assess the bee sting for infection at this point as that is not immediately life-threatening.
sugar and temperature can be obtained at a later point.
ound that can often be heard even without a stethoscope and can indicate an obstruction, but it is a brassy, crowing sound.

been told that the answer choices will be ranges of time, so choose 10-15 seconds and you should be fine.
tilation should be performed at a rate of 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds, for a total of 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
ch to another device, such as a simple mask or non-rebreather.
nd not be delivered to the patient’s lungs.
us respiratory effort. While the “grunting* may be an indicator of an obstruction, it would not be a reason to withhold manual ventilation.
needed for the heart, which is on the left side.
2. The rate or depth a person inhales does not cause the reservoir bag to collapse.
runny nose are not typical.

the formation of blood clots.

ow the signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock, as without prompt treatment it often proves fatal.
ck of pumping action creates fluid stasis to the pulmonary veins and excess fluid volumes that interfere with proper heart function.
tics will enable you to give more useful information to medical officials.
ween measurements or critical care outcome markers, or next step actions will be missed.
needed to support the body’s blood oxygen delivery to organs and tissues. Use of a nasal cannula or nonrebreathing mask will need to be d
d preclude its use in a cardiac emergency because keeping the patient alive would override most possible side effects. If there is a docume
tency of medication and correct patient for medication.
systolic blood pressure should be over 100 for administration. Also, it is common for there to be a slight burning sensation under the tongu
essel wall muscles.

D patient’s blood pressure— you’ll just need to use a manual, not automated, cuff and have the Doppler US probe over the brachial artery.
l initiate assessment of airway obstruction.

t only does it give you the patient’s past medical history, but it tells where to start your assessment and investigation of the patient’s signs a
on. The Lipitor may come into play later on in long term care but high cholesterol generally has no effect on mental status the way hypo or

onsibility, nor does it aid in prevention. Remember, you are looking for the best description, here.
n scene. It should be in all emergency vehicles and is available online.

urself.
sult your local services for recommendations.

anding zone size recommended by many authorities and 100’ by 100’ is preferred.

ectronic devices is a positive sign of pregnancy. Out of this selection Goodell's sign is the only probable sign.

ruptured. The nitrazine strip test is quick and easy to do and will assess for the presence of amniotic fluid in the vaginal secretions.

exercise,
Rh immune increasing calcium intake (NOT IRON), and dorsiflexing the foot of the affected leg with help this patient.
globulin.

ause contractions to be so powerful they cause rupture of the uterus. Finally if a women is induced to early it can result in prolonged labou

ting many times a day and feeling faint. Hyperemesis gravidarum is considered more severe than morning sickness.
eason the baby cannot come out except by cesarean delivery. Telling the client to ask the physician is a poor response and would increase
breast reduction procedure was done. There is the possibility that reduction surgery may have decreased the mother’s ability to meet all o
mal response for each variable receives 2 points; an abnormal response receives 0 points. A score between 8 and 10 is considered normal,
ma, daily weight is important but not the priority. Preclampsia causes vasospasm and therefore can reduce utero-placental perfusion. The c
fluid and may involve all or part of the decidual lining of the uterus. Usually no embryo (and therefore no fetus) is present because it has b
lated neurologic system by interfering with signal transmission at the neuromascular junction.
ma, daily weight is important but not the priority. Preclampsia causes vasospasm and therefore can reduce utero-placental perfusion. The c
rvix. Flexibility of the uterus against the cervix is known as McDonald’s sign.
erus is known as Piskacek’s sign.
red that there is no cord coil but suctioning of the nose should be done after the mouth because the baby is a “nasal obligate” breather. If
almost immediate if given parentally.
prevent it from drying. Don’t attempt to put back the cord into the vagina but relieve pressure on the cord by positioning the mother either
e maternal circulation as part of physiologic adaptation during the postpartum period. In cesarean section, the fluid shift occurs faster beca

the fetal head serves as the main part of the fetus that pushes through the birth canal which can lead to cranial hematoma, and possible co
hen delivery of fetus is imminent or too close because the fetus may suffer respiratory depression as an effect of the drug that can pass thr

gen is necessary.Option A: The supine position is avoided because it decreases uterine blood flow to the fetus. The client should be turned
hemoglobin range is 11-13 g/dL as a result of the hemodilution caused by an increase in plasma volume during pregnancy.
e needs to be notified.
eing and adequate oxygen reserve.

g the head of the bed, and elevating the maternal hips on a pillow to minimize the pressure on the cord. Monitoring maternal vital signs an
n. The interval of

ncouraging the parents to touch the newborn. Collecting a urine specimen and other laboratory tests is done on admission during the first
fluids, providing drug therapy as needed, evaluating fetal responses and preparing for surgery. Obtaining blood specimens, instituting com

the cervix. Administering light sedative would be done for hypertonic uterine contractions. Preparing for cesarean section is unnecessary a
me. Typically, PROM occurs about 1 hour, not 4 hours, before labor begins. Fetal viability and gestational age are less immediate considerati
top priority. Placing the client in bed, checking for ruptured membranes, and providing comfort measures could be done, but the priority h
maternal physiologic status. Fetal heart rate is important to assess fetal well-being and should be done. Monitoring the contractions will help

o be treated. Determining if you need additional help and how many patients you have should also be noted, but safety comes first.

e should be limited to 10 minutes.

es not want to relive the experience. Asking her to do so may cause a shut down in communication which may delay appropriate medical ca
r is not a good indicator, since many babies are not pink right away.
ult delivery or trauma at birth.
way and entering the lower airway. The upper airway ends at the Cricoid cartilage, the distal end of the larynx. The Thyroid cartilage is loca
nx to open the airway allowing air flow to the lungs. The trachea is too distal for the tongue to occlude it.
to hemoglobin and the carbon dioxide is released. Carbon dioxide is also released from sodium bicarbonate dissolved in the blood of the p
, air will rush into the lungs and allow gas exchange. While the chest wall does expand, the diaphragm is the primary respiratory muscle. C
heric pressure which forces air out.
econd rescuer to squeeze the ventilation bag with two hands (again allowing for adequate tidal volumes to be delivered). One person bag-

d deterioration over as little as 30 minutes and is associated with renal dysfunction.

ut the risk of cross contamination in mouth to mouth ventilations renders it less desirable to health care providers.

t immediately life-threatening.

y, crowing sound.

o withhold manual ventilation.

h proper heart function.

breathing mask will need to be determined based on severity of shortness of breath (SOB).
side effects. If there is a documented (proven, not just stated by the patient or a bystander) allergy to ASA, consult a medical professional, i

urning sensation under the tongue when nitroglycerin is administered.

S probe over the brachial artery.

estigation of the patient’s signs and symptoms. An unkempt house and smells can provide an indication of a patient’s lifestyle and ability t
n mental status the way hypo or hyperglycemia will.
n the vaginal secretions.

y it can result in prolonged labour.

or response and would increase the patient’s anxiety. Although a cesarean would help to prevent hemorrhage, the statement does not exp
he mother’s ability to meet all of her baby’s nutritional needs, and some supplemental feeding may be required. Preparing the mother for
n 8 and 10 is considered normal, indicating that the fetus has a low risk of oxygen deprivation and isn’t in distress. A fetus with a score of 6
utero-placental perfusion. The client should be placed on her left side to maximize blood flow, reduce blood pressure, and promote diures
fetus) is present because it has been absorbed. Because there is no fetus, there can be no extrauterine pregnancy. An extrauterine pregnan

utero-placental perfusion. The client should be placed on her left side to maximize blood flow, reduce blood pressure, and promote diures
 is a “nasal obligate” breather. If the nose is suctioned first before the mouth, the mucus plugging the mouth can be aspirated by the baby.

by positioning the mother either on trendellenberg or sims position

the fluid shift occurs faster because the placenta is taken out right after the baby is delivered giving it less time for the fluid shift to gradua

anial hematoma, and possible compression of cord may occur which can lead to less blood and oxygen to the fetus (hypoxia). Likewise the
ect of the drug that can pass through placental barrier.

tus. The client should be turned to her side to displace pressure of the gravid uterus on the inferior vena cava. An intravenous Pitocin infusi
ring pregnancy.

Monitoring maternal vital signs and FHR, notifying the physician and preparing the client for delivery, and wrapping the cord with sterile salin

one on admission during the first stage of labor. Assessing uterine contractions every 30 minutes is performed during the latent phase of th
blood specimens, instituting complete bed rest, and inserting a urinary catheter are necessary in preparation for surgery to remedy the rup

esarean section is unnecessary at this time. Oxytocin would increase the uterine contractions and hopefully progress labor before a cesarea
ge are less immediate considerations that affect the plan of care. Malpresentation and an incompetent cervix may be causes of PROM.
could be done, but the priority here is immediate delivery.
nitoring the contractions will help evaluate the progress of labor.

d, but safety comes first.

may delay appropriate medical care. You can ask questions, but they should be medical in nature, such as, “Do you have any pain?”
ynx. The Thyroid cartilage is located at the proximal end of the larynx.

te dissolved in the blood of the pulmonary capillary. The concentration of carbon dioxide is high in the pulmonary capillary, so carbon dioxi
he primary respiratory muscle. Chest muscles have a smaller role in regard to normal respiration.

o be delivered). One person bag-valve-mask usage is a difficult technique to master, as the single rescuer must maintain a manual airway m
consult a medical professional, if time permits.

a patient’s lifestyle and ability to care for themselves.

age, the statement does not explain why the hemorrhage could occur. With a complete previa, the placenta is covering all the cervix, not ju
uired. Preparing the mother for this possibility is extremely important because the client’s psychological adaptation to mothering may be d
istress. A fetus with a score of 6 or lower is at risk for asphyxia and premature birth; this score warrants detailed investigation. The BPP may
od pressure, and promote diuresis.
egnancy. An extrauterine pregnancy is seen with an ectopic pregnancy.

od pressure, and promote diuresis.

 h can be aspirated by the baby.

time for the fluid shift to gradually occur.

the fetus (hypoxia). Likewise the maternal passageway (cervix, vaginal canal and perineum) did not have enough time to stretch which can

ava. An intravenous Pitocin infusion is discontinued when a late deceleration is noted.

rapping the cord with sterile saline soaked warm gauze are important. But these actions have no effect on minimizing the pressure on the c

ed during the latent phase of the first stage of labor. Coaching the client to push effectively is appropriate during the second stage of labor.
on for surgery to remedy the rupture.

y progress labor before a cesarean would be necessary. It is too early to anticipate client pushing with contractions.
vix may be causes of PROM.

“Do you have any pain?”

monary capillary, so carbon dioxide leaves the blood and passes across the alveolar membrane into the air sac. This exchange of gases occu

ust maintain a manual airway maneuver, an adequate mask seal, and squeeze the bag simultaneously.
a is covering all the cervix, not just most of it.
daptation to mothering may be dependent on how successfully she breast-feeds.
tailed investigation. The BPP may or may not be repeated if the score isn’t within normal limits.
nough time to stretch which can lead to laceration.

minimizing the pressure on the cord.

during the second stage of labor.

sac. This exchange of gases occurs rapidly (fractions of a second). The carbon dioxide then leaves the alveolus when you exhale and the ox
olus when you exhale and the oxygen-enriched blood returns to the heart. Thus, the purpose of breathing is to keep the oxygen concentrati
s to keep the oxygen concentration high and the carbon dioxide concentration low in the alveoli so this gas exchange can occur!
exchange can occur!
Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2 Wrong 3 Rationale
Airway, ResWhich of thIt can onl It should bIt is the t It can onl The correct answer is It can only be used temporarily and m
Airway, ResIn which o When the m tilt the he apply 100%assess the The jaw-thrust maneuver should be used when the mechan
Airway, ResA patient Alternate sProvide artTurn the paInsert an oThis situation sould be managed by alternate suctioning for
Airway, ResWhen ventian airway you are posventilationthe pop-ofYou must make sure that an airway adjunct has been insert
Airway, ResWhich of tThe interc The interc The diaphra The diaphrDuring inhalation the intercostal muscles and diaphragm bo
Airway, ResWhich of thThe cells r The cells gThe cells r The capillaDuring cellular/capillary gas exchange the capillaries give u
Airway, ResWhat is theMouth-to m One-person Two-personFlow-restr Mouth-to mask technique with supplemental oxygen is the
Airway, ResA reduced unequal chincreased flaring of taccessory A reduced tidal volume would most likely occur from unequ
Airway, ResWhich of thA 41-year- A 60-year- A 30-year A 50-year-oA 41-year-old woman with shallow respirations of 20 breat
Airway, ResSnoring resupper airwcollapse offoreign bo swelling ofSnoring respirations in an unresponsive patient most likely
Airway, ResIn an unre An airway An airway Suctioning The jaw-thRespirations of 16 breaths/min with good chest expansion
Airway, ResInitial manperformingperformingproviding oproviding oInitial management of an unconscious adult patient who fe
Airway, ResWhat should Assess the Initiate ar Apply 100%insert an The first action when treating a 40-year old man with rapid
Airway, ResIn what poFowler's Lateral re Prone Supine Fowler's position would be expected to a patient with seve
Airway, ResWhich of thPocket masOne-person Two-personPocket masPocket mask, two-person BVM, flow-restricted oxygen-pow
Airway, ResTidal volumvolume of vaolume of taotal volumvolume of Tidal volume defined as the volume of air inhaled in a singl
Airway, ResYou would Ampatient wA semiconsA hypoxic A severely It would be most likely to encounter agonal respirations in
Airway, ResA young woremove theremove thesuction themake sure You should next remove the oropharyngeal airway and be p
Airway, ResAs you areevaluate thensure thatsqueeze thsuction theYou should evaluate the mask-to-face seal and the position
Airway, ResAfter an addeliver eachyperventildeliver eacdeliver 2 byou should deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 8
Airway, ResWhen venti1 second 2 seconds 3 seconds 4 seconds When ventilating a patient with apnea with a pocket mask
Airway, ResA 60-year oSupplement A nasopharA nasopharA nasal canthe most appropriate method of airway management for th
Airway, ResA semiconssuctioning inserting initiating applying 1 A semiconscious young man has shallow, gurgling respiratio
Airway, ResWhich of tWheezing
A 56-year-old womanCrowing
calls EMS Gurgling
because ofStridor
a sudden Wheezing soundsy would
onset of difficult most. When
breathing likely indicate a lower
you assess airway
her, you no
Airway, Res positive p supplement determininimmediateYour initial management should include positive pressure v
Airway, ResYou have inPotential i InadvertenIntubationLeft mains This finding MOST likely indicates potential internal injury t
Airway, ResImmediatelinflate the perform a 5attach a BVattach an eImmediately after placing an endotracheal tube in an adult
Airway, ResSnoring re manually mperformingsuctioning inserting aSnoring respirations in an elderly woman found unconsciou
Airway, ResWhat is the BEST airway device to use in a deeply uncthe best airway device to use in a deeply unconscious intox
Airway, ResWhich of thDistal capilBreath souChest wall State of al Distal capillary refill signs is least reliable when assessing th
Airway, ResA 21-year-osuction th attach a pulsebegin
oximeter
assisprepare forThe correct answer is suction the oropharynx
Airway, ResWhich of thWarm, mois Diffuse
Cyanotic oHyperpneaTachypneaThe correct answer
Audible rhonchi
Eupneic
andrespirations
flushed
Expiratory
skin
at
wheezing
a rate ofand
26 pink, is Warm,
breaths/min
moist skinmoist skin is most indicative o
rales and Labored
Airway, ResWhich of thR espirationrhonchi
Inspiratory wheezing The correct answer is Respirations at a rate of 18 breaths/m
stridor Expiratory breathing
Airway, ResWhich of t The correct answer is Inspiratory stridor
Airway, ResWhen shoul When the pWhen the pWhen the pa When the palaryngeal mask airway (LMA) should be used when the pati
Airway, ResThe clinicapulsus par vagus nervintercostalasymmetriThe clinical finding in which the systolic BP drops more than
Airway, ResWhich abno Kussmaul Agonal Biots Cheyne-St Kussmaul is the abnormal respiratory pattern that you see
Airway, ResIn what poNeutral posSlightly to Flexed for Hyperexte The patient's head must be placed In neutral position when
Bag-mask device
Airway, ResWhat is th EndotracheHead tilt-chOral airwa The MOST definitive way to control the airway in an uncons
Airway, ResWhat medica SuccinychoVecuroniu
Pharynx Pancuroni Rocuroniu Succinycholine chloride is the only depolarizing neuromusc
Airway, ResWhat is theEpiglottis Uvula Vallecula Epiglottis is the leaf-shaped structure that prevents food an
Airway, ResHow much100 a mL 150 mL 15 mL 25 mL
2 lpm 100 mL air inflates the proximal balloon on the Combitube.
Airway, ResWhat is th 6 lpm 12 lpm 8 lpm A nasal cannula used to administer O2 at flow rates from 2
Airway, ResWhat is theDual LumeEndothrachNon 20-24RebreNasal
LPM2-6 LPM GastThis device is also known as a Combi-Tube
Airway, ResIn order t 12-15 LPM100 LPM Bite Block 12-15 LPM administered via a NBR or Non Rebreather mask
Airway, ResWhat airway Jaw ThrustHead Tilt - Intubation The "Jaw Thrust" maneuver should be used to open the air
Airway, ResA device thMetered Do Albuterol iNebulizer Aero ChamA Metered Dose Inhaler is commonly used to treat Asthma
 Vocal cords
Airway, ResThe anatom Cricoid car Thyroid carEpiglottis The airway is divided into two different anatomical location
Airway, ResThe tonguePharynx Larynx Trachea NasopharyThe pharynx or throat is often occluded by the tongue fallin
Airway, ResThe lower Capillary bBronchioleCapillary bVeinules Within each air sac, the oxygen concentration is high, so ox
Airway, ResTo create nDownwardThe diaphrUpward Outward The diaphragm is a thin tough muscle which separates the
Trans thoracic
Airway, ResWhen the di AtmospherTrans abdoRespirator
Two person Flow
bag-valve-mask
restricted oxygen For air to beventilatory
powered pushed out of the lungs, the trans thoracic pre
device
Airway, ResWhich of thOne person Mouth-to-With both mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask ventilation
Airway, ResIn order toCricoid carAryepiglottThyroid carHyoid cartiWhile all of theses structures are in the same general area,
Airway, ResThe patientElevated
has very shallow,
Not enough
rapid
Cardiogenic Normal
respirations
shock Lowered
with minimal
The patient
chestwould
wall motion
be hypercapnic
and slight
aswheezing
he is probably
in theonly
upper
ve
Airway, ResDuring theAdult
history,
respyou learn thatCongestive
the patient
Acute
wasbronAdult
involved respiratory
Mouth-to-mouth. in a fall at work
distress
andsyndrome
suffered ainvolves
hip fracture
non-cardiogen
and a hea
Airway, ResWhich of thTwo personFROPVD One person The two person
if required; bag-valve-mask
Circulation is the
– Heart and most
pulse effective
– check the metho
beat,
Airway, ResExplain theAirway, BreAirway, Bre
Lack of foodAssessment, Airway, Bodthe
Lack of water information. If the heart has stopped, then
Blue mucous membranes indicate that there is a problem proceed wit
w
Airway, ResIdentify t Lack of ox Rolling in oxygen getting to the tissues of the body.
Airway, ResAn artifici Positive PrNegative pUpward prDownwardAn artificial airway, like an endotracheal tube, is used in the
Airway, ResPressure isNegative pPositive PrUpward prDownwardPressure is applied to the abdomen and thorax to draw air
Airway, ResIron lung vNegative prPositive PrUpward prDownwardIron lung ventilators used after the polio epidemics in the fi
Airway, ResOne of theControlledSynchronou Assist Con Pressure CControlled Mandatory Ventilation “locks out” the patient's
Airway, ResOne of theAssist Con Pressure CControlledSynchronou Assist Control Mode mode of ventilation has the risk of the
Airway, ResThe mode Synchronou
of Assist Con Pressure CControlledThe mode of ventilation which allows the patient to breath
Airway, ResMinute vent Tidal Volu Tidal Volu FiO2 X PEEFiO2/PEEPMinute ventilation is equal to Tidal Volume X Respiratory R
Airway, ResWhat are tTidal Volu FiO2 and Tidal Volu FiO2 and RTidal Volume and Respiratory Rate are the Ventilator Param
Airway, ResWhich are FiO2 and PTidal Volu Tidal Volu FiO2 and RFiO2 and PEEP are the Ventilator Parameters adjusted to m
Airway, ResOne of thePressure ControlledSynchronou Assist Con Pressure Support Mode of ventilation reduces the work of
Airway, ResCPAP and BAll of the in conjuncto delay inas a weaniAll of the above are the right answers.
Airway, ResWhich onePressure
o CSynchronou Assist Con ControlledPressure Control Mode of ventilation is triggered by time, li
Airway, ResThere can bPressure ControlledSynchronou Pressure CThere can be variations in the minute ventilation as the res
Airway, ResWhich of thAcute RespBronchietaEmphysemAsthma Hypotension is a risk of keeping high PEEP
Airway, ResWhat diffea smaller j smaller jawsmaller jawlonger air Children have a smaller jaw a proportionally larger tongue,
Airway, ResA normal re12 to 20 a 22 to 30 a 12 to 20 a 8 to16 and
Airway, ResWhat is theSelect the Make sure Look t up theTilt the he Before the airway can be inserted, the correct size needs to
Airway, ResEmergencyCPR c ventilatoryairway ma supplement If the patient is not breathing adequately b
Airway, ResYou arrive assess the administeradministerprovide ai Epinephrine is used to treat anaphylactic shock, and should
Airway, ResYou’re call SimultaneoGet a bloodGet a tempe Check the pIn an unresponsive person, you may have to initiate CPR. It
Airway, ResWheezing ca high-pit wet, crack tiny poppi loud snori Wheezing is produced by narrowing or obstruction of the lo
Airway, ResYou’re respAssess her Place a no Perform anImmediately The patient is breathing since she is talking. There is no nee
Airway, ResWhen asses the depth how regulawhether a the rate a Tidal volume is the amount of air a person inhales with one
Airway, ResYou are tre10—15 sec15—20 secas long as < 5 secondNote that we have had reports of a new standard for adult
Airway, ResIf manually5 to 6, 3 to5 to 6, 5 to8 to 10, 6 2 to 3, 6 toTo maintain adequate perfusion, manual ventilation should
Airway, ResA nasal ca 1 to 6 LPM5 to 10 LP 1 to 15 LP 1 to 8 LPMA flow of over 6 LPM will not increase the delivered FIO2 an
Airway, ResYou are man RepositionSqueeze thPut down tDo a fingerTo ensure ventilations are effective, make sure the airway is
Airway, ResYou’re on sperformingadministerdoing a heaplacing a The patient is not ventilating adequately. A RR of 4 is too lo
Airway, ResThe lungs 5 4 6 2 There are three lobes on the right lung including the upper
Airway, ResYou arrive doing the placing a copening hidoing the he The patient was in a car accident and injuries are not entire
Airway, ResYou have aincreased hbradycardivomiting sleepiness Albuterol, a bronchodilator used to treat asthma, may caus
Airway, ResYou have an Try the othTry a smalleSwitch to aPush it in You do not want to use the wrong size airway or it will not b
Airway, ResYou’re treaMake sure Tellt the pa Tell the pa Switch to aA non-rebreather should be used with an oxygen flow rate
Airway, ResSymptoms wheezing,
o headache vomiting afever and Asthma causes a constriction of the airways and increased
Airway, ResName the pRespiratio Lymphatic Respirator CardiovascRespiration is the process of gaseous exchange in the body
Airway, ResWhich of thProtection Contains reRegulate bHelps in g Respiratory system helps in regulation of blood, pH, and als
Airway, ResWhich of tExchange oExchange oBreathing ProductionPulmonary respiration is the exchange of gases between th
Airway, ResWhich of tDorsal respAmino acidCholesteroVentral resVentral respiratory group contains both inspiratory and exp
Airway, ResOxygen andOxyhemoglMethoglobBPG CarboxyheOxyhemoglobin is formed by the combination of oxygen an
Airway, ResHow many o 2 3 4 6 Hemoglobin can bind with maximum 4 oxygen molecules, s
Airway, ResWhat is th Pineal gla Thyroid gl Hypothala Pituitary g Pineal gland is the smallest endocrine gland attached to the
Airway, ResIntercostalare stiffen contain mus
contain an contain th The correct answer is Intercostal spaces are stiffened durin
 ly be used temporarily and must be replaced by an airway adjunct.
ld be used when the mechanism of injury is unclear.
ed by alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes.
rway adjunct has been inserted.
al muscles and diaphragm both contract.
change the capillaries give up oxygen to the cells.
h supplemental oxygen is the preferred method for initially providing artificial ventilations to a patient with apnea
most likely occur from unequal chest expansion.
llow respirations of 20 breaths/min. She is exhibiting signs of inadequate breathing.
sponsive patient most likely are the result of upper airway obstruction by the tongue.
with good chest expansion are most appropriately managed by an airway adjunct and oxygen via non-rebreathing mask.
nscious adult patient who fell 15' from a tree includes performing a jaw-thrust.
a 40-year old man with rapid respirations is assessing the regularity and quality of breathing.
pected to a patient with severe dyspnea.
, flow-restricted oxygen-powered ventilation device, one-person BVM are the list of techniques and devices represents the correct orde
lume of air inhaled in a single breath.
unter agonal respirations in a patient who is in the midst of complete respiratory failure.
opharyngeal airway and be prepared to suction the mouth.
to-face seal and the position of the patient's head.
over 1 second at a rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min.
h apnea with a pocket mask device, each breath should be delivered over 1 second.
of airway management for this patient is supplemental oxygen with a non-rebreathing mask.
as shallow, gurgling respirations at a rate of 10 breaths/min. Initial management should include suctioning the oropharynx.
likely indicate a lower airway obstruction.
d include positive pressure ventilations with 100% oxygen.
tes potential internal injury to the thorax.
ndotracheal tube in an adult patient, th e paramedic should inflate the distal cuff with 5 to 10 mL of air .
rly woman found unconscious in herbed are most rapidly managed by manually maneuvering the head.
n a deeply unconscious intoxicated patient
st reliable when assessing the ventilatory status of an adult patient ?
he oropharynx
moist skin is most indicative of adequate breathing
ons at a rate of 18 breaths/min with reduced tidal volume

hould be used when the patient cannot be intubated, as an alternative to the bag-mask device (alone)
e systolic BP drops more than 10 mm Hg during inhalation is called: pulsus paradoxus.
iratory pattern that you see in the patient with ketoacidosis.
ced In neutral position when preparing to intubate with a Combitube.
ntrol the airway in an unconscious patient is Endotracheal tube.
only depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that is used in the field.
ucture that prevents food and liquid from getting into the larynx during swallowing?
al balloon on the Combitube.
ister O2 at flow rates from 2 - 6 LPM, delivering an O2 concentration so 28 - 44%
Combi-Tube
NBR or Non Rebreather mask is considered "100% O2"
ould be used to open the airway of any patient who has suffered a traumatic injury
monly used to treat Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and other respiratory problems.
 different anatomical locations; the upper airway and lower airway. The upper airway starts where air enters the body - the nose (Nares
occluded by the tongue falling back and obstructing air flow. When air enters the nostrils it passes through the nasopharynx, then the
n concentration is high, so oxygen passes or diffuses across the alveolar membrane into the pulmonary capillary. At the beginning of the
muscle which separates the thorax and abdomen. The diaphragm is domed upward in its relaxed state, so when it contracts the diaphr
lungs, the trans thoracic pressure must rise above atmospheric (barometric) pressure. The diaphragm will relax and dome upward and
d mouth-to-mask ventilation, it is relatively easy to maintain a good seal with the patient's mouth, allowing for delivery of adequate tid
re in the same general area, the paramedic specifically utilizes the Cricoid cartilage. This is particularly important since this is the only "
pnic as he is probably only ventilating dead space. The patient is not breathing deep enough for air exchange to occur in the alveoli, hen
rome involves non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that presents 12-72 hours post injury or surgery. Congestive heart failure and cardiog
kand
is the most
pulse effective
– check the method
beat, its to administer
rate ventilations
and strength, with a BVM; however, it is not always practical for field application due to limi
and record
as stopped, then proceed with
ate that there is a problem with heart massage.
f the body.
otracheal tube, is used in the Positive Pressure type of ventilation.
omen and thorax to draw air into the lungs through the upper airway in the Negative pressure type of ventilation.
the polio epidemics in the first half of the 20th century belong to Negative pressure Ventilation.
tion “locks out” the patient's efforts to breathe.
entilation has the risk of the patient getting respiratory alkalosis.
allows the patient to breathe spontaneously at his or her own respiratory rate and depth between the ventilator breaths is Synchronou
Tidal Volume X Respiratory Rate.
Rate are the Ventilator Parameters adjusted to maintain the optimum Minute Ventilation
or Parameters adjusted to maintain the optimum oxygenation.
tilation reduces the work of breathing by overcoming the resistance created by ventilator tubing.

tilation is triggered by time, limited by pressure and affects aspiration only.

minute ventilation as the respiratory rate and tidal volume is determined by the
g high PEEP
proportionally larger tongue, which can make manual ventilation and intubation more difficult. Smaller teeth do not affect airway mana

ted, the correct size needs to be selected. If the wrong size is inserted the airway may not be effective. A nasopharyngeal airway can be

aphylactic shock, and should be administered. The patient’s airway may be compromised due to swelling, so airway support is essentia
u may have to initiate CPR. It’s essential to check to determine if a patient has a pulse and is breathing. Other vital signs and measurem
owing or obstruction of the lower airways, which often causes a high-pitched, whistling sound as the air travels through the narrowed s
she is talking. There is no need to manually ventilate her at this time. You should perform a respiratory assessment including checking o
air a person inhales with one breath or how deeply they are breathing.
of a new standard for adult suctioning that has been reduced to 10 seconds, but we cannot find evidence of this change in any reliable
n, manual ventilation should be performed at a rate of 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds in an adult, for a total of 10 to 12 breaths a minut
ncrease the delivered FIO2 and may dry the mucus membranes and be uncomfortable. If higher flow rates are needed to maintain adeq
ctive, make sure the airway is open by repositioning the head. It’s also essential to have a tight seal between the patient’s face and the
dequately. A RR of 4 is too low and he needs ventilatory support. Placing a non-rebreather or nasal cannula will not be sufficient since h
ght lung including the upper, middle and lower. The left lung has two lobes including the upper and lower. The left lung only has two lo
nt and injuries are not entirely known. The jaw thrust technique should be used to open the airway if a cervical injury is suspected.
ed to treat asthma, may cause cardiovascular side effects such as increased heart rate.
ong size airway or it will not be effective. Never force the airway in. An oral airway will not be tolerated with a patient with an intact gag
ed with an oxygen flow rate high enough to inflate the reservoir bag, which is a minimum of 10 LPM. Switching to a nasal cannula will n
f the airways and increased mucus production, which often causes shortness of breath, wheezing breath sounds, and a cough. Fever, v
aseous exchange in the body while cardiovascular regulates the blood flow throughout the body.
gulation of blood, pH, and also contain receptors of smell, produces vocal sound and filter inspired air while cardiovascular system prote
xchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in the capillaries. Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cell occ
ains both inspiratory and expiratory neurons and controlled forced breathing while dorsal respiratory group contains only inspiratory ne
he combination of oxygen and hemoglobin. Oxygen binds to the hemoglobin in a reversible manner. 98% of oxygen is trapped inside RB
ximum 4 oxygen molecules, so for obtaining 50% saturation only 2 molecules of oxygen should be bound to hemoglobin.
docrine gland attached to the roof of the brain and secrete melatonin. Melatonin is responsible for settling of the biological clock.
al spaces are stiffened during inspiration and expiration by the contraction of the intercostal muscles
reathing mask.

s represents the correct order of preference for providing artificial ventilation.

the oropharynx.
rs the body - the nose (Nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is filtered and warmed before passing through the rem
h the nasopharynx, then the oropharynx, and then the pharynx before it enters the trachea. Jaw thrust or chin lift will pull the tongue o
illary. At the beginning of the pulmonary capillary, the hemoglobin in the red blood cells has carbon dioxide bound to it and very little o
when it contracts the diaphragm flattens out causing the volume of the thorax to increase. Since the pressure in the thorax is lower th
l relax and dome upward and the intercostal muscles will contract and pull the rib cage inward. This action increases the trans thoracic
g for delivery of adequate tidal volumes. Likewise, two person bag-valve-mask techniques dedicate one rescuer solely to ensuring adeq
ortant since this is the only "full ring" cartilage.
ge to occur in the alveoli, hence the elevated levels of carbon dioxide.
tive heart failure and cardiogenic shock, while they may occur from the ARDS, have an initial cardiac compromise. Flash pulmonary ede
r field application due to limited resources and limited space. The use of mouth to mask ventilations is also identified as a viable form o

tilator breaths is Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation.

th do not affect airway management.

asopharyngeal airway can be used on a patient with or without a gag reflex.

so airway support is essential. Supplemental oxygen should also be administered. There is no need to assess the bee sting for infection
er vital signs and measurements, such as a BP, blood sugar and temperature can be obtained at a later point.
vels through the narrowed space. Stridor is another sound that can often be heard even without a stethoscope and can indicate an obs
essment including checking oxygenation.

of this change in any reliable materials. We have also been told that the answer choices will be ranges of time, so choose 10-15 second
of 10 to 12 breaths a minute. In a child, manual ventilation should be performed at a rate of 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds, for a total o
are needed to maintain adequate oxygen levels, switch to another device, such as a simple mask or non-rebreather.
n the patient’s face and the mask or air will escape and not be delivered to the patient’s lungs.
a will not be sufficient since he has a poor spontaneous respiratory effort. While the “grunting* may be an indicator of an obstruction, i
The left lung only has two lobes because of the room needed for the heart, which is on the left side.
vical injury is suspected.

h a patient with an intact gag reflex.

hing to a nasal cannula will not deliver the same FIO2. The rate or depth a person inhales does not cause the reservoir bag to collapse.
ounds, and a cough. Fever, vomiting, confusion and a runny nose are not typical.

e cardiovascular system protects against blood loss by the formation of blood clots.
een blood and tissue cell occurs in internal respiration.
p contains only inspiratory neurons control normal breathing.
f oxygen is trapped inside RBC.
o hemoglobin.
of the biological clock.
efore passing through the remainder of the upper airway and entering the lower airway. The upper airway ends at the Cricoid cartilage
chin lift will pull the tongue off the back of the pharynx to open the airway allowing air flow to the lungs. The trachea is too distal for th
e bound to it and very little oxygen. The oxygen binds to hemoglobin and the carbon dioxide is released. Carbon dioxide is also released
sure in the thorax is lower than atmospheric pressure, air will rush into the lungs and allow gas exchange. While the chest wall does ex
increases the trans thoracic pressure above atmospheric pressure which forces air out.
cuer solely to ensuring adequate mask seal and the second rescuer to squeeze the ventilation bag with two hands (again allowing for a

romise. Flash pulmonary edema has a rapid onset and deterioration over as little as 30 minutes and is associated with renal dysfunction
identified as a viable form of artificial ventilations, but the risk of cross contamination in mouth to mouth ventilations renders it less de

ss the bee sting for infection at this point as that is not immediately life-threatening.

cope and can indicate an obstruction, but it is a brassy, crowing sound.

time, so choose 10-15 seconds and you should be fine.

y 3 to 5 seconds, for a total of 12 to 20 breaths per minute.

ndicator of an obstruction, it would not be a reason to withhold manual ventilation.

he reservoir bag to collapse.

 ends at the Cricoid cartilage, the distal end of the larynx. The Thyroid cartilage is located at the proximal end of the larynx.
he trachea is too distal for the tongue to occlude it.
arbon dioxide is also released from sodium bicarbonate dissolved in the blood of the pulmonary capillary. The concentration of carbon
While the chest wall does expand, the diaphragm is the primary respiratory muscle. Chest muscles have a smaller role in regard to nor

o hands (again allowing for adequate tidal volumes to be delivered). One person bag-valve-mask usage is a difficult technique to maste

ciated with renal dysfunction.

ventilations renders it less desirable to health care providers.
nd of the larynx.

The concentration of carbon dioxide is high in the pulmonary capillary, so carbon dioxide leaves the blood and passes across the alveola
smaller role in regard to normal respiration.

difficult technique to master, as the single rescuer must maintain a manual airway maneuver, an adequate mask seal, and squeeze the
and passes across the alveolar membrane into the air sac. This exchange of gases occurs rapidly (fractions of a second). The carbon diox

e mask seal, and squeeze the bag simultaneously.

of a second). The carbon dioxide then leaves the alveolus when you exhale and the oxygen-enriched blood returns to the heart. Thus, th
returns to the heart. Thus, the purpose of breathing is to keep the oxygen concentration high and the carbon dioxide concentration low
on dioxide concentration low in the alveoli so this gas exchange can occur!
Category State
Question Correct
the type of bloodWrong
vessel1that
Wrong 2 Wrong
has been 3 Dark
damaged Rationale
if there
red is
blood
steady
flowing
flow of
from
darka wound in copious amounts
Cardiologyred blood coming
Vein from Capillary
a woundArtery
: nerve indicates a damaged vein and
Bright-red-spurting blood always should be treated
indicates immediately.
a damaged artery
CardiologyState the tArtery Vein Capillary nerve and should be treated immediately
CardiologyWhat is theimmediatelbetween 24 immediatelimmediatelCardiogenic shock is a condition in which the heart suddenly ca
Cardiology____ is whcongestiveacute myoca transient i pulmonaryWhen the ventricular heart muscle lacks the ability to pump bl
CardiologyCompare ac Acute myocaAcute myoca Dissecting Pain from aThat said, it may be difficult for the patient to describe his or h
CardiologyVital signs 5 8 2 10 Close observation of vital signs allows for timely action if the pa
CardiologyThe average 95% and 992% and 994% and 993% and 9The patient whose pulse oximetry is below 94% will require sup
CardiologyWhich could documented all of thesestomach ulbleeding c ASA is a key and best practice preventative measure for cardiac
CardiologySelect the Wear gloveCheck expiWear gloveCheck expiNitroglycerin is absorbed through the skin and the administrato
CardiologyThe adminis patient takpatient witpatient di patient re Medications for erectile dysfunction and nitroglycerin can inter
CardiologySelect the use of ere systolic b use of lasi use of ASAVasodilator drugs, head injury, or low blood pressure can be fu
CardiologyWhat is th 3 doses, a 4 doses, a 2 doses, a 6 doses wiThe maximum dosage should not be exceeded without express
CardiologyWhat is th white-pt riwhite-pt riwhite-pt riwhite-pt ri
CardiologyWhat specific measures are taken for a patient experiencing symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who
CardiologyWhat specif ImplementCheck to seAvoid perfoNever start
CardiologyContinuouspalpate, putreat, card assess, bl treat, res The left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) mechanism can be pu
CardiologyYou come on Attach AEDShake and Attach AEDAttach AEDCardiac arrest is uncommon in children with no history. If there
CardiologyIdentify thIdentify e Identify eaActivate E Activate E Note that CPR should be immediately resumed after the first A
CardiologyIf your AEDBegin CPR,Begin CPR,Begin CPR,No interveTo provide immediate support, manual CPR should be started,
CardiologyYou encounmanual defi any AED AED withouAED with pOf course, you’ll need to follow all local protocols for defibrillati
CardiologyWhat is theDo not useCheck vitalBegin CPR,Attach andThe AED is a computer: It may not be able to differentiate amo
CardiologyThe acron return of sreturn of srapid oxyg respiratoryThis acronym is used when a patient who was unresponsive an
CardiologyThe pulse 30 60 10 15 Note that a pulse may be checked for 10 seconds and multiplie
 wound in copious amounts
should
ys be treated
indicates immediately.
a damaged artery
ately
n in which the heart suddenly cannot pump enough blood to meet the demands of the body. It typically occurs within 24 hours of an AMI.
uscle lacks the ability to pump blood adequately and do the job of moving blood through from the atria, it is referred to as congestive heart
r the patient to describe his or her pain, but these are things to look for. Also, treatment may be the same for both kinds of pain, but knowi
allows for timely action if the patient status declines. The caregiver must maintain frequent and realistic monitoring and should not let too
etry is below 94% will require support and assistance. Delivering oxygen at a 95-99% level would be appropriate for these patients. Adequa
preventative measure for cardiac emergencies. While stomach ulcers and bleeding conditions might be a contraindication for therapeutic A
ugh the skin and the administrator should wears gloves to prevent contact. A mask is not necessary. Checking expiration and correct owner
nction and nitroglycerin can interact with fatal results. On the other hand, nitroglycerin is often prescribed to reduce the pain of angina atta
or low blood pressure can be further complicated, as nitroglycerin acts to decrease the work of the heart by dilating the cardiac artery and
not be exceeded without express orders from a physician. Nitroglycerin given in higher doses may negatively impact cardiovascular conditio

myocardial infarction (AMI) who also has a history of heart bypass or an internal defibrillator?

es (LVAD) mechanism can be pulsatile or continuous. When the pumping mechanism is continuous, there are no palpable pulses. It is poss
children with no history. If there are no pulses, respiratory incident is most likely the cause. AED will help guide cardiac concerns and starti
diately resumed after the first AED shock. Also, the AED will analyze the patient’s heart function and prompt the user concerning shocks an
manual CPR should be started, even if the patient is asystole and the AED says not to shock.
w all local protocols for defibrillation as you do with other procedures. Some local services do not permit manual or other defibrillation by c
not be able to differentiate among an active patient’s movement, manual CPR, and heart rhythms that should not be shocked.
atient who was unresponsive and without pulses regains circulation during the course of BLS, CPR, and/or AED use.
ked for 10 seconds and multiplied by 6.
ccurs within 24 hours of an AMI. It is important to know the signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock, as without prompt treatment it ofte
s referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF). This lack of pumping action creates fluid stasis to the pulmonary veins and excess fluid volum
or both kinds of pain, but knowing these characteristics will enable you to give more useful information to medical officials.
monitoring and should not let too much time pass between measurements or critical care outcome markers, or next step actions will be mis
riate for these patients. Adequate oxygen levels are needed to support the body’s blood oxygen delivery to organs and tissues. Use of a na
ontraindication for therapeutic ASA use, neither would preclude its use in a cardiac emergency because keeping the patient alive would ove
ng expiration and correct ownership ensures both potency of medication and correct patient for medication.
to reduce the pain of angina attacks and the patient’s systolic blood pressure should be over 100 for administration. Also, it is common for t
by dilating the cardiac artery and relaxing the blood vessel wall muscles.
ly impact cardiovascular condition.

are no palpable pulses. It is possible to assess the LVAD patient’s blood pressure— you’ll just need to use a manual, not automated, cuff an
guide cardiac concerns and starting CPR for a child will initiate assessment of airway obstruction.
pt the user concerning shocks and use of continued CPR.

anual or other defibrillation by certain levels of EMTs.

uld not be shocked.
without prompt treatment it often proves fatal.
nary veins and excess fluid volumes that interfere with proper heart function.
medical officials.
s, or next step actions will be missed.
o organs and tissues. Use of a nasal cannula or nonrebreathing mask will need to be determined based on severity of shortness of breath (S
eping the patient alive would override most possible side effects. If there is a documented (proven, not just stated by the patient or a bysta

istration. Also, it is common for there to be a slight burning sensation under the tongue when nitroglycerin is administered.

manual, not automated, cuff and have the Doppler US probe over the brachial artery.
severity of shortness of breath (SOB).
t stated by the patient or a bystander) allergy to ASA, consult a medical professional, if time permits.

is administered.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2 Wrong 3 Vinegar Rationalecan be used to treat wasp stings. The acidic nature
EMS OperaName the su
Vinegar BicarbonatWater salt wter
Name the substance in the list that can be used to treat the bee stingsneutralizes
vinegar
Bicarbonate of: soda canthe
bealkaline
used to nature of the
treat bee wasp
stings. sting
The alk
EMS Opera BicarbonatVinegar Water salt water
The position in which to place the animal to nature neutralizes
regularly. the acidic
ensure breathing is assisted andnature of the bee sting.
EMS OperaExplain thethe heart isThe
exposed
positiofor
The
Overemergency
positioThe procedures,
the counterpositio
(OCT) painif relievers
required
EMS OperaYou arrive MedicationA smell ofArtery
Coronary Unkempt ho
High cholesterol
Disease The scene survey can lead to some very important clues as
EMS OperaYour patienDiabetic reBeta blocker overdoseHigh bloodGlucophage is a diabetic medication. You may not be able t
EMS OperaYour neuroNarcotic Insulin ov Aspirin Narcotics will cause pupils to constrict making them the cla
EMS OperaWhat is th NIMS proviNIMS provid NIMS is useNIMS is th NIMS provides a framework to enable federal, state, and lo
EMS OperaWhat is th The ICS givThe ICS is The ICS proThe ICS pr
EMS OperaWhat is th Mass-Casua Multiple R Multiple ViTriage A Mass-Casualty Incident generally involves at least three p
EMS OperaWhat is tria method of a method ta method ta method oThe goal of triage is to do the greatest good for the greates
EMS OperaWhat is th the DOT E the Shippi the MateriCHEMTRECWhile all these documents do provide information about e
EMS OperaWhat is amdistracted high speedincreased vother vehicWhile all of these are contributing causes of crashes involvi
EMS OperaWho is resthe staff a the governthe staff wthe chief oA mechanical,
following safety,
standard and equipment
precautions for theinspection should be
type of incident
EMS OperaUpon arrivasize-up th begin care gown/gloveevaluate foMaintaining the line of communication can be critical to ge
EMS OperaWhen clean 1:10 to 1:11:2 dilutio Bleach is 1:5 dilutio Our most-used study book recommends a ratio of 1:10, but
EMS OperaWhich of tall of thesechecking t checking s familiarizi No one of these items is less important for doing your job.
EMS OperaIn the eve upwind andat the sce downwindat the stat Being upwind and uphill prevents heavier than air chemica
EMS OperaAccording t he ride i having probeing backbeing move
EMS OperaFrom whichthe rear the pilot’s the left sidthe front Note: Helicopter designs do vary and no untrained personn
EMS OperaWhat is th 60’ by 60’ 120’ by 12030’ x 30’ or80’ by 90’ Helicopters are designed to land on a variety of surfaces. D
EMS OperaWhich of ta machine a weaponiza chemicala “dirty” WMDs is a nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological wea
EMS OperaWhich of thIt doesn’t A hazardouA chemicalThe possibiConsistent breathing symptoms in all victims indicates an o
EMS OperaWhat is a bAny area arThe area inThe area i The area uTo a great extent, each of these answers is correct, howeve
EMS OperaWhat motor an airbag the seat bethe passivean airbag An airbag that hasn’t gone off is a threat to both patient an
EMS OperaThe most leneutron raAlpha partiBeta particGamma radi Neutron radiation is by far the more powerful and requires
EMS OperaThe lights are a requeallow an em allow the eallow the oallow the operator of an emergency vehicle to drive withou
asp stings. The acidic nature of
ed to nature
aline of the
treat bee wasp
stings. sting.
The alkaline
ature of the bee sting.

ome very important clues as to what might be going on with your patient. Medications for specific medical conditions can lead you in t
cation. You may not be able to identify what type of reaction your patient is having without more diagnostic testing but it puts you look
onstrict making them the classic pin point. All of the other medications mentioned here do not affect the pupils, even though they ma
enable federal, state, and local governments, as well as private sector and nongovernmental organizations, to work together effectively

rally involves at least three patients or a similar demand on the EMS system or is an incident that could cause multiple casualties.
greatest good for the greatest number of patients.
provide information about emergency response, the Emergency Response Guide provides immediate information and could be the onl
ting causes of crashes involving ambulances, the ever-increasing use of technology in crew cabs is distracting drivers beyond their abilit
spment
for theinspection should be done prior to using a vehicle.
type of incident
nication can be critical to getting all needed resources to a scene and this quick assessment enables you to provide proper precautions
ommends a ratio of 1:10, but other sources say that high ratio is not necessary and/or may damage finishes, with 1:100 being the ratio
mportant for doing your job.
nts heavier than air chemicals from reaching your position.

ry and no untrained personnel should approach a helicopter during field operations.

nd on a variety of surfaces. Different facilities, helicopter fleets, and localities may have varying landing zone requirements, but a 60’ x 6
biological, or radiological weapon designed to inflict maximum damage or casualties over a large area.
s in all victims indicates an outside cause to the problem. It is likely that EMS does not have proper equipment to enter such a scene an
e answers is correct, however, the correct answer is the best choice.
is a threat to both patient and responder on a scene. Firefighters should disable the electrical system of the vehicle.
more powerful and requires several feet of concrete for protection.
gency vehicle to drive without regard for the safety of others
 l conditions can lead you in the correct direction. Not only does it give you the patient’s past medical history, but it tells where to start
c testing but it puts you looking in the correct direction. The Lipitor may come into play later on in long term care but high cholesterol
pupils, even though they may cause an altered mental status.
, to work together effectively. It does not dictate responsibility, nor does it aid in prevention. Remember, you are looking for the best de

use multiple casualties.

mation and could be the only accessible document on scene. It should be in all emergency vehicles and is available online.
ng drivers beyond their ability to drive.

o provide proper precautions necessary to protect yourself.

s, with 1:100 being the ratio needed to disinfect. Consult your local services for recommendations.

e requirements, but a 60’ x 60’ area is the minimum landing zone size recommended by many authorities and 100’ by 100’ is preferred.

ment to enter such a scene and should stage at a safe location.

ory, but it tells where to start your assessment and investigation of the patient’s signs and symptoms. An unkempt house and smells can
m care but high cholesterol generally has no effect on mental status the way hypo or hyperglycemia will.

ou are looking for the best description, here.

available online.

and 100’ by 100’ is preferred.

nkempt house and smells can provide an indication of a patient’s lifestyle and ability to care for themselves.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2 Wrong 3 Rationale
Medical / Which of thGoodell's SQuickeningAmenorrheFetal heartPregnancy
If a womansigns
has aare categorized
normal into 3 categories:
pre-pregnancy weight shePresumptive
should exp
Medical / Which stat"I can expe"I will nee "I need to "I don't h
Medical / A patient wNitrazine stUltrasoundNonstress tAmniocente Because 35 weeks is still early for the delivery of a baby, an ultr
Medical / A pregnant"Reactive" "NonreactiNegative Co Positive CoThe results of the question describe a "reactive" nonstress test
Medical / A patient The patientThe patientIt is perf It is normaAll options are incorrect expect for that the patient should be i
Medical / A patient i Before theAn abdomina Generally, There are A patient should have a full bladder before the procedure so be
Medical / A patient i DorsiflexinAvoiding reTell the pa A prenatal Legs cramps are
The patient's Rh normal
factor isinnegative
the 2ndsoand
she3rd trimester
will need to of pregna
receive th
Medical / Your patienAt 28 weekAt 36 weekNo further The patient
Medical / Which peri29-40 wee28-40 wee30-41 wee27-39 weeThe third trimester starts at 29 weeks and ends at 40 weeks.
Medical / Which of thall of the Change of Family histObesity (B All of the above are the risk factors.
Medical / Which of tHypertensiHypertensiHypertensiHypertensiPre-eclampsia is defined as the presence of both hypertension
Medical / Which of the followinUterine hyCaesarian Uterine ru Induction of labour increases the risk of a number of complicati
Medical / Which oneMonochoriA Singleto Dichorioni Monochorio Pregnancies that share the placenta and amnion are at highest
Medical / Which of thThe umbilicA 100% of Tt he arteriaThe foramen Unusually for a vein, the umbilical vein carries oxygenated bloo
Medical / By how muc 20% 10% 30% 40% There is a significant increase in oxygen demand during norma
Medical / Excessive vHyperemesH ypervomi
“You Normal
will have to askinMorning siHyperemesis
your physician
gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that
when he returns.”
Medical / Which of t“The placen “You need “The placen A complete placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers th
Medical / When assess “I support “It’s
yourcontr
commitment;
“You shoul however, youRecent
“You should may
be ablebreast
have reduction without
totobreast-feed
supplement surgeries are done
each feeding withinformula.”
difficulty.” a way to protect
Medical / A The BPP evaluates fetal health by assessing five variables: fetal
A client, 3 severe preeclampsia
client with The client Theis client Thewith
admitted fetusofs BP 160/110, proteinuria, and severe pitting edema. Which of t
Medical / Seizure precautions
Daily weig Right lateral
Stress
positioningWomen hospitalized with severe preeclampsia need decreased
reduction
A severely malformed fetus.
Medical / A clientadministering
maGrapelike cAn empty g sulfate In a client with gestational trophoblastic disease, an ultrasound
When magnesium
Reduce blood toAn
pressure extrauterine
a client pregnancy
with preeclampsia, the nurse understands that this drug is given
Medical / Prevent se Slow the pr
I ncrease di The chemical makeup of magnesium is similar to that of calcium
A client with severe preeclampsia is admitted with of BP 160/110, proteinuria, and severe pitting edema. Which of t
Medical / Seizure precautions
Daily weig Right lateral
Stress
positioningWomen hospitalized with severe preeclampsia need decreased
reduction
Goodell’s sign
Medical / During a peChadwick’sBraxton-HiFetal kicking McDonald’s Chadwick’s sign refers to the purple-blue tinge of the cervix. Br
felt by the client
Medical / The nurse dPassive moPalpable c Enlargemen Ballottement indicates passive movement of the unengaged fe
Medical / Ripening ofFirst stage Second st Third stag Fourth staCervical ripening refers to the softenig of the cervix that typiall
Medical / In what preVertex Sinciput Brow Face Vertex presentation allows well flexed head.
Medical / Which of thMechanicaNutritionalEnvironmen Medical Dystocia is difficult, painful, prolonged labor due to mechanica
Medical / In face preMentum Scapula Occiput Brow In face preentation the dominator is mentum (chin).
Medical / When the fe Station “0”Station –1 Station +1 Station +2 0 station. This is when the baby's head is even with the ischial s
Medical / Which is a Cterine conPushing ofIntrathoracAbdominalThe primary power of normal labour is uterine contraction. It p
Medical / In the seco60 seconds20 second 30 second120 secon The second stage can last from 20 minutes to 2 hours. Contrac
Medical / The time bInterval Intensity Duration FrequencyThe time between contractions includes the length or duration
Medical / Because ofHeals moreIt is more dIt is more It involve Episiotomy include easy repair and improved healing
Medical / Low birth wall of the Age of the Improper oDecreasedFactors related to low birth weigt babies are poor maternal nu
Medical / How many10cm c 5cm 15cm 20cm The time of the onset of true labor until the cervix is completel
Medical / The term "light stro muscle rel controlled the absencEffleurage - a rhythmic stroking; "effleurage of the abdomen is
Medical / When the ba Check if thCut the umb Wipe the bDeliver theThe nurse should check if there is a cord coil because the baby
Medical / In vaginal Oxytocin caOxytocin wiOxytocin wiGiving oxytThe action of oxytocin is to make the uterus contract as well m
Place the mother on semifowler’s position to improve circulation
Medical / When the ba Cover the Push back t Push back The correct action of the nurse is to cover the cord with sterile
Medical / In a gravid There is a The maternThe delive The motherDuring the pregnancy, there is an increase in maternal blood vo
The placenta should be delivered normally within ___ minutes after the delivery of the baby.
Medical / 30 minutesin5 minutes 45 minutes60 minutesThe placenta is delivered within 30 minutes from the delivery o
3.Cranial hematoma the fetus
Medical / 4.Fetal anoxia
1,2,3,4 1&2 2&4 2,3,4 all the above conditions can occur following a precipitate labor
Medical / When giving Uterine conCervical di Uterine conThe progres Narcotic analgesics must be given when uterine contractions a
Medical / Upon assess Hemorrhage InadequateBlood voluNormal bloAll the signs in the stem of the question are signs of hemorrhag
Medical / A nurse in AdministerPlace the mDocument Increase t thLate decelerations are due to uteroplacental insufficiency as th
Medical / A nurse is Fetal heartWhite blooMaternal pHemoglobin A normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute. A count
Medical / A nurse is Notify
Document the Encourage t
Encourage
the findings Continue
and tell the mother
A normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute. Fetal bra
mothat the monitor indicates fetal well-being
Medical / A nurse is Take the mo Accelerations are transient increases in the fetal heart rate that
Identifying the types of accelerationsmother and check the monitor for changes in the fetal trac
Notify the Reposition the
Medical / A nurseofisthe
Assessing t is the nurse's
Determinin DeterminingAssessing the baseline fetal heart rate is important so that abn
Which following initial action when umbilical cord prolapse occurs?
Medical / Place the cNotify theincreasing Begin moniThe immediate priority is to minimize pressure on the cord. Th
Apply a steintervals
Gradually With true labor, contractions increase in intensity with walking
Medical / Which of thIncreasing Starting m Occurring atrue labor contractions gradually shortens.
Medical / Which of thP paCoach for eObtain
romotehypovolemic
Limiting shock a u
Assess uteDuring the third stage of labor, which begins with the delivery o
Medical / When uteri Obtaining Instituting Inserting aWith uterine rupture, the client is at risk for hypovolemic shock
Medical / A client as That extenanThrough thThat involvThat extenThird degree laceration involves all in the second degree lacera
Obtaining order toPreparing
begin IV oxytocin
for a cesarean
infusion
section for failure to progress
Medical / After 4 hou Administeri Increasing The client’s labor is hypotonic. The nurse should call the physic
Medical / When PROM PROM remov The chorioNursing carPROM is asPROM can precipitate many potential and actual problems; one
Medical / A client whPreparing fProviding Checking f Placing theThis question requires an understanding of station as part of th
Medical / ContractioFetal heartMaternal viThe signs indicate placenta previa and vaginal exam to determi
A multigravCervical dilation
Medical / A normal he faster It dependsslower the same
Medical / The femaleureter fallopian t ovaries vagina The ureter is part of the urinary system. The ovaries, fallopian t
Medical / In school-aunintentionchoking child abus cancer Injuries sustained from accidents are reported by the CDC to be
Medical / When dealithe nature a thoroughpatient’s complete m
Medical / The most im determining deciding wh counting t figuring ouIt’s essential to make sure the scene is safe before you attempt
Medical / You’re call all of theseunconscioutrouble br severe ble Severe bleeding, inadequate breathing, and a loss of conscious
Medical / The time yo10 minutes30 minutes20 to 30 mas long as Patients who are critical need to be transported ASAP to have t
Medical / Conditionsa myocardia hyperglycea subdural postictal s
Medical / You are calgeneralizedan aura a simple pastatus epil
Medical / You respond possibly a intubating inducing v doing a hea(Any needle removal would have been dealt with during the “S
Medical / A weak andhypoglyce a diabetic hyperglycenone of th Hyperglycemia can present with similar symptoms, but blood p
Medical / You respond Call for l Place restrApproach th Approach hYou have to make sure the situation is safe for you and your pa
Medical / You are calAsk the woLimit the pTry to presIf possible Your job is to provide medical care, not to investigate the crime
Medical / To determitone, respiblood presheart rate tone and oTone, respiratory effort and heart rate are the most important f
Medical / Crowning du the appearthinning ofthe baby mwhen a wom Crowning indicates that the baby is at the opening of the birth
Medical / You are calstart CPR Call hospicProvide limAssume heUnless you have a written DNR order, signed by the doctor and
 dregnancy
into 3 categories:
weight shePresumptive, Probable,
should expect andtoPositive.
to gain 25 Amenorrhea
35 lbs during and quickening
her pregnancy. All otherare presumptive
options signsstatements.
are correct of pregnancy, and fetal heart r

for the delivery of a baby, an ultrasound and nonstress test will probably be ordered after the confirmation via the Nitrazine strip test that t
cribe a "reactive" nonstress test and the fetus is healthy.
t for that the patient should be in the supine position.
dder before the procedure so better images of the fetus can be obtained. So instructing the patient to drink water to fill the bladder for th
2ndso
tive and
she3rd trimester
will need to of pregnancy
receive the Rhand is usually
immune caused
globulin at by
28 an altered
weeks. calcium-phosphorus
If the balanceher
patient was A+ (meaning andRhpressure
factor isofpositive)
the uterus
sheon the ner
would not

weeks and ends at 40 weeks.

e presence of both hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy.

he risk of a number of complications. The uterus can become over stimulated causing prolonged contractions which can starve the baby of
centa and amnion are at highest risk of adverse outcome because of risk of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and cord entanglement.
ical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the IVC via the ductus venosus. Umbilical cord pH is usually higher in the vein than
n oxygen demand during normal pregnancy. This is due to a 15% increase in the metabolic rate and a 20% increased consumption of oxyge
is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration. Signs and symptoms m
curs when the placenta covers the opening of the uterus, thus blocking the passageway for the baby. This response explains what a comple
ies are done in a way to protect the milk sacs and ducts, so breast-feeding after surgery is possible. Still, it’s good to check with the surgeon
by assessing five variables: fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, reactive fetal heart rate, and qualitative amnioti
re preeclampsia need decreased CNS stimulation to prevent a seizure. Seizure precautions provide environmental safety should a seizure o
phoblastic disease, an ultrasound performed after the 3rd month shows grapelike clusters of transparent vesicles rather than a fetus. The ve
esium is similar to that of calcium and, therefore, magnesium will act like calcium in the body. As a result, magnesium will block seizure acti
re preeclampsia need decreased CNS stimulation to prevent a seizure. Seizure precautions provide environmental safety should a seizure o
urple-blue tinge of the cervix. Braxton Hicks contractions are painless contractions beginning around the 4th month. Goodell’s sign indicate
movement of the unengaged fetus. Ballottement is not a contraction. Fetal kicking felt by the client represents quickening. Enlargement an
softenig of the cervix that typially begins prior to the the onset of labor contractions and is necessary for cervical dilation and passage of th
l flexed head.
olonged labor due to mechanical factors involving the fetus (passenger), uterus (powers), pelvis (passage), or psyche.
ator is mentum (chin).
y's head is even with the ischial spines. The baby is said to be "engaged" when the largest part of the head has entered the pelvis.
abour is uterine contraction. It puts the baby in position,causes decent, cervical dilation and effacement.
m 20 minutes to 2 hours. Contractions will last about 60 seconds at intervals of 3-5 minutes of rest in between.
s includes the length or duration of the contraction and the minutes in between the contractions (called the interval).
and improved healing
igt babies are poor maternal nutrition, maternal age, and Improper or inadequate prenatal care of the mother.
abor until the cervix is completely dilated to 10 cm. The period after the cervix is dilated to 10 cm until the baby is delivered.
g; "effleurage of the abdomen is used in the Lamaze method of childbirth"
e is a cord coil because the baby will not be delivered safely if the cord is coiled around its neck. Wiping of the face should be done seconds
ke the uterus contract as well make the cervix close. If it is given prior to placental delivery, the placenta will be trapped inside because the
is to cover the cord with sterile gauze wet with sterile NSS. Observe strict asepsis in the care of the cord to prevent infection. The cord has
an increase in maternal blood volume to accommodate the need of the fetus. When the baby and placenta have been delivered, there is a
n 30 minutes from the delivery of the baby. If it takes longer, probably the placenta is abnormally adherent and there is a need to refer alre
cur following a precipitate labor and delivery of the fetus because there was little time for the baby to adapt to the passageway. If the pres
ven when uterine contractions are already well established so that it will not cause stoppage of the contraction thus protracting labor. Also
 question are signs of hemorrhage. If the fundus is soft and boundaries not well defined, the cause of the hemorrhage could be uterine ato
uteroplacental insufficiency as the result of decreased blood flow and oxygen to the fetus during the uterine contractions. This causes hypo
0-160 beats per minute. A count of 180 beats per minute could indicate fetal distress and would warrant physician notification. By full term
0-160 beats per minute. Fetal bradycardia between contractions may indicate the need for immediate medical management. and the physi
reases in the fetal heart rate that often accompany contractions or are caused by fetal movement. Episodic accelerations are thought to be
art rate is important so that abnormal variations of the baseline rate will be identified if they occur. Options 1 and 3 are important to asses
nimize pressure on the cord. Thus the nurse’s initial action involves placing the client on bed rest and then placing the client in a knee-ches
ncrease in intensity with walking. In addition, true labor contractions occur at regular intervals, usually starting in the back and sweeping ar
lly shortens.
which begins with the delivery of the newborn, the nurse would promote parent-newborn interaction by placing the newborn on the mot
t is at risk for hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the priority is to prevent and limit hypovolemic shock. Immediate steps should include giving
s all in the second degree laceration and the external sphincter of the rectum. Options B, C and D are under the second degree laceration.
The nurse should call the physical and obtain an order for an infusion of oxytocin, which will assist the uterus to contact more forcefully in
otential and actual problems; one of the most serious is the fetus loss of an effective defense against infection. This is the client’s most imm
rstanding of station as part of the intrapartal assessment process. Based on the client’s assessment findings, this client is ready for delivery
via and vaginal exam to determine cervical dilation would not be done because it could cause hemorrhage. Assessing maternal vital signs c

y system. The ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina are all considered part of the female reproductive system.
nts are reported by the CDC to be the number one cause of death in children in this age group.

scene is safe before you attempt to care for the patient. Failing to do so can result in injury to you or your partner, which only creates more
reathing, and a loss of consciousness (which can compromise the patient’s airway) can all be potentially life-threatening and need to be ad
to be transported ASAP to have the best chance of survival. Many lifesaving treatments can only be administered at the hospital, which is w

ve been dealt with during the “Scene Size-Up” with its resulting safety procedures.)
h similar symptoms, but blood pressure is often within normal range.
ation is safe for you and your partner before approaching the man. Law enforcement should always be involved if you’re dealing with an er
care, not to investigate the crime. Asking detailed information about the assault is the job of law enforcement. Also, at this point in time, th
art rate are the most important factors in determining if a newborn is transitioning well. They can also be assessed quickly, without any spe
by is at the opening of the birth canal and delivery is imminent.
order, signed by the doctor and the patient or his legal surrogate, you should provide resuscitation.
nsstatements.
of pregnancy, and fetal heart rate detected by an electronic devices is a positive sign of pregnancy. Out of this selection Goodell's sign is

via the Nitrazine strip test that the membranes have ruptured. The nitrazine strip test is quick and easy to do and will assess for the presen

nk water to fill the bladder for the procedure would be ideal.

ressure
factor isofpositive)
the uterus
sheon the nerves.
would not haveGetting regular
to receive theexercise,
Rh immuneincreasing calcium intake (NOT IRON), and dorsiflexing the foot of the affecte
globulin.

ons which can starve the baby of oxygen. It can also cause contractions to be so powerful they cause rupture of the uterus. Finally if a wom
ome and cord entanglement.
s usually higher in the vein than in the artery.
increased consumption of oxygen.
hydration. Signs and symptoms may also include vomiting many times a day and feeling faint. Hyperemesis gravidarum is considered more s
esponse explains what a complete previa is and the reason the baby cannot come out except by cesarean delivery. Telling the client to ask
s good to check with the surgeon to determine what breast reduction procedure was done. There is the possibility that reduction surgery m
eart rate, and qualitative amniotic fluid volume. A normal response for each variable receives 2 points; an abnormal response receives 0 po
mental safety should a seizure occur. Because of edema, daily weight is important but not the priority. Preclampsia causes vasospasm and
esicles rather than a fetus. The vesicles contain a clear fluid and may involve all or part of the decidual lining of the uterus. Usually no embr
magnesium will block seizure activity in a hyper stimulated neurologic system by interfering with signal transmission at the neuromascular
mental safety should a seizure occur. Because of edema, daily weight is important but not the priority. Preclampsia causes vasospasm and
th month. Goodell’s sign indicates softening of the cervix. Flexibility of the uterus against the cervix is known as McDonald’s sign.
ents quickening. Enlargement and softening of the uterus is known as Piskacek’s sign.
ervical dilation and passage of the fetus.

has entered the pelvis.

baby is delivered.

the face should be done seconds after you have ensured that there is no cord coil but suctioning of the nose should be done after the mou
ill be trapped inside because the action of the drug is almost immediate if given parentally.
o prevent infection. The cord has to be kept moist to prevent it from drying. Don’t attempt to put back the cord into the vagina but relieve p
a have been delivered, there is a fluid shift back to the maternal circulation as part of physiologic adaptation during the postpartum period
and there is a need to refer already to the obstetrician.
pt to the passageway. If the presentation is cephalic, the fetal head serves as the main part of the fetus that pushes through the birth cana
tion thus protracting labor. Also, it should be given when delivery of fetus is imminent or too close because the fetus may suffer respiratory
hemorrhage could be uterine atony.
e contractions. This causes hypoxemia; therefore oxygen is necessary.Option A: The supine position is avoided because it decreases uterine
hysician notification. By full term. a normal maternal hemoglobin range is 11-13 g/dL as a result of the hemodilution caused by an increase
ical management. and the physician or nurse-midwife needs to be notified.
accelerations are thought to be a sign of fetal-well being and adequate oxygen reserve.
s 1 and 3 are important to assess. but not as the first priority.
placing the client in a knee-chest position or lowering the head of the bed, and elevating the maternal hips on a pillow to minimize the pre
ting in the back and sweeping around to the abdomen. The interval of

placing the newborn on the mother’s abdomen and encouraging the parents to touch the newborn. Collecting a urine specimen and other
iate steps should include giving oxygen, replacing lost fluids, providing drug therapy as needed, evaluating fetal responses and preparing fo
er the second degree laceration.
rus to contact more forcefully in an attempt to dilate the cervix. Administering light sedative would be done for hypertonic uterine contracti
on. This is the client’s most immediate need at this time. Typically, PROM occurs about 1 hour, not 4 hours, before labor begins. Fetal viabi
s, this client is ready for delivery, which is the nurse’s top priority. Placing the client in bed, checking for ruptured membranes, and providin
e. Assessing maternal vital signs can help determine maternal physiologic status. Fetal heart rate is important to assess fetal well-being and

artner, which only creates more patients that need to be treated. Determining if you need additional help and how many patients you hav
e-threatening and need to be addressed quickly.
stered at the hospital, which is why time on the scene should be limited to 10 minutes.

olved if you’re dealing with an erratic individual.

ent. Also, at this point in time, the woman usually does not want to relive the experience. Asking her to do so may cause a shut down in co
ssessed quickly, without any special equipment. Color is not a good indicator, since many babies are not pink right away.
 f this selection Goodell's sign is the only probable sign.

do and will assess for the presence of amniotic fluid in the vaginal secretions.

orsiflexing the foot of the affected leg with help this patient.

re of the uterus. Finally if a women is induced to early it can result in prolonged labour.

gravidarum is considered more severe than morning sickness.

delivery. Telling the client to ask the physician is a poor response and would increase the patient’s anxiety. Although a cesarean would help
ossibility that reduction surgery may have decreased the mother’s ability to meet all of her baby’s nutritional needs, and some supplementa
abnormal response receives 0 points. A score between 8 and 10 is considered normal, indicating that the fetus has a low risk of oxygen dep
clampsia causes vasospasm and therefore can reduce utero-placental perfusion. The client should be placed on her left side to maximize bl
g of the uterus. Usually no embryo (and therefore no fetus) is present because it has been absorbed. Because there is no fetus, there can b
nsmission at the neuromascular junction.
clampsia causes vasospasm and therefore can reduce utero-placental perfusion. The client should be placed on her left side to maximize bl
wn as McDonald’s sign.

se should be done after the mouth because the baby is a “nasal obligate” breather. If the nose is suctioned first before the mouth, the muc

cord into the vagina but relieve pressure on the cord by positioning the mother either on trendellenberg or sims position
n during the postpartum period. In cesarean section, the fluid shift occurs faster because the placenta is taken out right after the baby is d

at pushes through the birth canal which can lead to cranial hematoma, and possible compression of cord may occur which can lead to less
e the fetus may suffer respiratory depression as an effect of the drug that can pass through placental barrier.
ded because it decreases uterine blood flow to the fetus. The client should be turned to her side to displace pressure of the gravid uterus o
odilution caused by an increase in plasma volume during pregnancy.

s on a pillow to minimize the pressure on the cord. Monitoring maternal vital signs and FHR, notifying the physician and preparing the clien

ting a urine specimen and other laboratory tests is done on admission during the first stage of labor. Assessing uterine contractions every 3
fetal responses and preparing for surgery. Obtaining blood specimens, instituting complete bed rest, and inserting a urinary catheter are n

e for hypertonic uterine contractions. Preparing for cesarean section is unnecessary at this time. Oxytocin would increase the uterine contr
, before labor begins. Fetal viability and gestational age are less immediate considerations that affect the plan of care. Malpresentation and
ptured membranes, and providing comfort measures could be done, but the priority here is immediate delivery.
nt to assess fetal well-being and should be done. Monitoring the contractions will help evaluate the progress of labor.

and how many patients you have should also be noted, but safety comes first.

so may cause a shut down in communication which may delay appropriate medical care. You can ask questions, but they should be medica
nk right away.
Although a cesarean would help to prevent hemorrhage, the statement does not explain why the hemorrhage could occur. With a complet
al needs, and some supplemental feeding may be required. Preparing the mother for this possibility is extremely important because the cli
tus has a low risk of oxygen deprivation and isn’t in distress. A fetus with a score of 6 or lower is at risk for asphyxia and premature birth; th
d on her left side to maximize blood flow, reduce blood pressure, and promote diuresis.
use there is no fetus, there can be no extrauterine pregnancy. An extrauterine pregnancy is seen with an ectopic pregnancy.

d on her left side to maximize blood flow, reduce blood pressure, and promote diuresis.

first before the mouth, the mucus plugging the mouth can be aspirated by the baby.

r sims position
aken out right after the baby is delivered giving it less time for the fluid shift to gradually occur.

may occur which can lead to less blood and oxygen to the fetus (hypoxia). Likewise the maternal passageway (cervix, vaginal canal and perin
e pressure of the gravid uterus on the inferior vena cava. An intravenous Pitocin infusion is discontinued when a late deceleration is noted.

physician and preparing the client for delivery, and wrapping the cord with sterile saline soaked warm gauze are important. But these actio

sing uterine contractions every 30 minutes is performed during the latent phase of the first stage of labor. Coaching the client to push effec
nserting a urinary catheter are necessary in preparation for surgery to remedy the rupture.

would increase the uterine contractions and hopefully progress labor before a cesarean would be necessary. It is too early to anticipate clie
lan of care. Malpresentation and an incompetent cervix may be causes of PROM.

ss of labor.

tions, but they should be medical in nature, such as, “Do you have any pain?”
hage could occur. With a complete previa, the placenta is covering all the cervix, not just most of it.
emely important because the client’s psychological adaptation to mothering may be dependent on how successfully she breast-feeds.
asphyxia and premature birth; this score warrants detailed investigation. The BPP may or may not be repeated if the score isn’t within norm

ctopic pregnancy.

y (cervix, vaginal canal and perineum) did not have enough time to stretch which can lead to laceration.
hen a late deceleration is noted.

e are important. But these actions have no effect on minimizing the pressure on the cord.

Coaching the client to push effectively is appropriate during the second stage of labor.

y. It is too early to anticipate client pushing with contractions.

 ccessfully she breast-feeds.
ated if the score isn’t within normal limits.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2 Wrong 3 Rationale lacerated, abrasions or gunshot wounds. An infused wound is
Trauma Identify whInfused Incised Contused Puncture of wound. compound and simple are all types of fracture.
Greenstick,
Trauma Identify whInfused GreenstickCompoundSimple There
nearbyisarea
no such thing asbody
if a foreign an infused fracture.
is embedded in the wound is esse
Trauma State the kPressure Elevation Cooling Cleaning bleeding.
Trauma Which typeCalvicular Humeral Femoral Manibula Clavicle, also known as collar bone, fractures are the most com
Trauma A nurse is The cervix The client The contracThe membrThe second stage of labor begins when the cervix is dilated com
ot wounds. An infused wound is not a recognized type
mple are all types of fracture.
used fracture.
embedded in the wound is essential to stopping any

one, fractures are the most common injury sustained by newborns during birth. A clavicle fracture is a break in the collar bone and occurs
ns when the cervix is dilated completely and ends with the birth of the neonate.
ak in the collar bone and occurs as a result of a difficult delivery or trauma at birth.