G0II, FOR ELECTRO MAGNETS.

No. 512,340,

(3R)-tv.cooo-3
 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
NIKO LA TESLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
coil. FoR ELECTRO-MAGNETs.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 512,840, dated January 9, 1894.
Application filed July 7, 1893. Serial No. 479,804, (No model.)
To all whom it may concern: the capacity required to counteract the self
Beit known that I, NIKOLATESLA, a citizen induction; hence, in any coil, however small
of the United States, residing at New York, the capacity, it may be sufficient for the pur
in the county and State of New York, have in
vented certain new and useful Improvements pose stated if the proper conditions in other 55
in Coils for Electro-Magnets and other Appa respects be secured. In the ordinary coils the
ratus, of which the following is a specification, difference of potential between adjacent turns
reference being had to the drawings accompa or spires is very small, so that while they are
nying and forming a part of the same. in a sense condensers, they possess but very
O
In electric apparatus or systems in which small capacity and the relations between the
alternating currents are employed the self two quantities, self-induction and capacity,
induction of the coils or conductors may, and, are not such as under any ordinary condi.
in fact, in many cases does operate disadvan
tions satisfy the requirements herein contem
tageously by giving rise to false currents plated, because the capacity relatively to the
self-induction is very small.
which often reduce what is known as the com
mercial efficiency of the apparatus composing In order to attain my object and to properly
the system or operate detrimentally in other increase the capacity of any given coil, I wind
respects. The effects of self-induction, above it in such way as to secure a greater differ
ence of potential between its adjacent turns
referred to, are known to be neutralized by or convolutions, and since the energy stored
O proportioning to a proper degree the capacity in the coil-considering the latter as a con
of the circuit with relation to the self-induc denser, is proportionate to the square of the
tion and frequency of the currents. This has potential difference between its adjacent con
been accomplished heretofore by the use of volutions, it is evident that I may in this way
condensers constructed and applied as sepa secure by a proper disposition of these con
rate instruments. volutions a greatly increased capacity for a
My present invention has for its object to given increase in potential difference between
avoid the employment of condensers which the turns. . .
are expensive, cumbersome and difficult to I have illustrated diagrammatically in the
maintain in perfect condition, and to so con accompanying drawings the general nature
struct the coils themselves as to accomplish of the plan which I adopt for carrying out
the same ultimate object. - this invention.
I would here state that by the term coils I Figure 1 is a diagram of a coil wound in
desire to include generally helices, solenoids, the ordinary manner. Fig. 2 is a diagram of
or, in fact, any conductor the different parts a winding designed to secure the objects of
35 of which by the requirements of its applica my invention.
tion or use are brought into such relations Let A, Fig. 1, designate any given coil the
with each other as to materially increase the spires or convolutions of which are wound
self-induction. upon and insulated from each other. Let it
have found that in every coil there exists be assumed that the terminals of this coil
a certain relation between its self-induction show a potential difference of one hundred
and capacity that permits a current of given volts, and that there are one thousand con
frequency and potential to pass through it volutions; then considering any two contigu
with no other opposition than that of ohmic ous points on adjacent convolutions let it be 95
resistance, or, in other words, as though it pos assumed that there will exist between them a
45 sessed no self-induction. This is due to the pptential difference of one-tenth of a volt. If
mutual relations existing between the special now, as shown in Fig. 2, a conductor B be
character of the current and the self-induc wound parallel with the conductor A and in
tion and capacity of the coil, the latter quan sulated from it, and the end of Abe connected Oo
tity being just capable of neutralizing the with the starting point of IB, the aggregate
So self-induction for that frequency. It is well length of the two conductors being such that
known that the higher the frequency or po the assumed number of convolutions or turns
tential difference of the current the smaller is the same, viz., one thousand, then the po
 2 512,340

tential difference between any two adjacent which ofI obtain even if an incident to such 3o
points in A and B will be fifty volts, and as forms winding have not been appreciated
the capacity effect is proportionate to the or taken advantage of.
square of this difference, the energy stored In carrying out my invention it is to be ob
5 in the coil as a whole will now be two hun served that certain facts are well under
dred and fifty thousand as great. Follow stood by those skilled in the art, viz: the re- 35
ing out this principle, I may wind any given lations of capacity, self-induction, and the
coil either in whole or in part, not only in frequency and potential difference of the cur
the specific manuer herein illustrated, but rent. What capacity, therefore, in any given
s in a great variety of ways, well-known in the case it is desirable to obtain and what special
art, so as to secure between adjacent convo winding will secure it, are readily determin- 4o
lutions such potential difference as will give able from the other factors which are known.
the proper capacity to neutralize the self-in What I claim as my invention is- . .
duction for any given current that may be 1. A coil for electric apparatus the adja
(5 employed. Capacity secured in this particu ent convolutions of which form parts of the
lar way possesses an additional advantage in circuit between which there exists a potential 45
that it is evenly distributed, a consideration difference sufficient to secure in the coil a ca
of the greatest importance in many cases, and pacity capable of neutralizing its self-induc
the results, both as to efficiency and economy, tion, as hereinbefore described.
are the more readily and easily obtained as 2. A coil composed of contiguous or adja
the size of the coils, the potential difference, cent insulated conductors electrically cons 59
6r frequency of the currents are increased. nected in series and having a potential dif
Coils composed of independent strands or ference of such value as to give to the coil as
conductors wound side by side and connected a whole, a capacity sufficient to neutralize its
25 in series are not in themselves new, and I do self-induetion, as set forth.
NIKOIA TRESL.A.
not regard a more detailed description of the
same as necessary. But heretofore, so far as Witnesses:
ROBT. F. GAYLORD,
-
I am aware, the objects in view have been es PARKER. W. PAGE.
sentially different from mine, and the results