BIOFISIKA NEURON

(Biophysics of Neuron)
Aqsa Sjuhada
Dept of Physiology / Oral Biology, Airlangga University
@aqsa
http://aqsas.blogspot.
s com
BODY LIQUID
 Total : 60%
 Intracellular: 40%
 Extracell: 20% (kecuali cair
serebrospinal, cairan sendi, cairan
saliva)
- cairan interstitial 15%
- cairan plasma 5%
- cairan sel darah
- cairan intra vaskuler
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 TRANSPORT BAHAN

PASSIVE TRANSPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT

- osmosis 1. primary
- diffusion 2. secondary
- filtration - bulk transport
- solvent drag - exocytosis
- endocytosis
- phagocytosis
- pinocytosis

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 ACTIVE PASSIVE
TRANSPORT TRANSPORT
CELLULAR required not required,
ENERGY only kinetic
energy
PROCESS physiology - physics
biology

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 DIFFUSION

 Particle movement
 Simple diffusion : O2, CO2, alcohol
 Facilitated diffusion : glucose,
amine acid

OSMOSIS
 Liquid movement
 Hypotonic - Hypertonic

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DIFFUSION

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OSMOSIS

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MACAM GERAKAN ARAH PLASMA CARRIER ENERGY
DARI GERAKA MEMBRA SYSTEM CELLULA
N N R
Osmos Solvent C↓→C↑ SP Tidak Tidak
is
Diffusi Solut C↑→C↓ +/- Tidak Tidak

Active Solut C↓→C↑ SP Ada Ada

Transp

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 SEL EKSITABEL
Sel yg mampu menimbulkan /
menjalankan impuls elektrokimia
sepanjang membran plasmanya.
 → Sel saraf, sel otot, sel kelenjar

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 MEMBRAN PLASMA
STRUKTUR DAN KOMPOSISI MEMBRAN PLASMA
 Lemak → dynamic mozaic design / lipid bilayer 42%

 Protein 55%

 Karbohidrat 3%

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SIFAT
 Elastis tipis, ketebalan 6-10nm

FUNGSI
 Physical isolation
 Regulation of exchange with the
environment --- nutrition, ion
 Sensitivity --- receptor function
 Structural support

JENIS
 Impermeable
 Semi permeable
 Selective permeable

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 PROTEIN
Sebagian besar glicoprotein
Protein integral / protein perifer, fungsinya:
 membatasi pergerakan membran plasma

 sebagai channel
 carrier system
 enzyme

 receptor

Karbohidrat; berada di luar berikatan dg

glicoprotein maupun lipid bilayer, fungsi:
sebagai indikator sel.
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 NEURO
N
= Sel
saraf

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A Typical Neuron Overview

 Dentrites
 Cell Body
 Axon
 Terminal

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Diverse Neuron Forms and Functions

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 Basic Concepts
 Volt

 A charge difference between two

points in space

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 Basic Concepts
 Ions – charged particles

 Anions – Negatively charged

particles

 Cations – Positively charged

particles

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 Basic Concepts
Forces that determine ionic
movement
 Electrostatic forces
 Opposite charges attract, Identical
charges repel
 Concentration forces
 Diffusion – movement of ions through
semipermeable membrane
 Osmosis – movement of water from
region of high concentration to low
 Hydrostatic Forces
 Gravity forces upon osmosis
The combination of these forces leads to
dynamic equilibrium in the cellular
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POTENSIAL MEMBRAN
 Perbedaan muatan listrik di luar dan
di dalam membran sel
RMP
 =Resting Membran Potential
 =Potensial Membran Istirahat
 Berbedaan muatan listrik di luar dan
di dalam membran sel dalam keadaan
tidak ada aktivitas elektris.

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 Apa penyebab Resting
Membrane Potential
mempunyai beda potensial
-70 mV ?

 Adanya perbedaan distribusi ion

di luar dan di dalam membran
sel, terutama ion K+ dan Na+
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 Perbedaan distribusi ion di luar dan
di dalam membran

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Besar RMP –70 mV
 Artinya ?
 Potensial elektriks di dalam membran sel
lebih negatif dibandingkan di luar
membran sel sebesar 70mV

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qsa
 RANGSANGAN
Adekuat Tidak adekuat

Mencapai threshold Tidak mencapai

threshold

POTENSIAL AKSI LOCAL POTENTIAL

Dirambatkan ke segala arah Tidak

dirambatkan

Hukum ALL OR NONE Sumasi

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 Rangsangan
menyebabkan Natrium+
influx

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 Action Potential Sequence

 Involves the action of voltage-gated

channels
Biofisika Exchanges of ions in and out of the
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 Action Potential Stages:
Overview

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 ANIMASI ACTION POTENTIAL

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 Action
Potential
Sequence

 Saluran Na+ terbuka, terjadilah

fast natrium influx, depolarisasi.
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 Action
Potential
Sequence

 Pada keadaan +40 mV, saluran Na+

menutup, tetapi saluran K+ sekarang
terbuka, menyebabkan pengeluaran ion
K+ (gradien konsentrasi), menyebabkan
penurunan gradien elektris.
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 Action
Potential
Sequence

Saluran K+ menutup,
terjadilah akumulasi
ion K+ di ekstrasel. Hal
ini menyebabkan
depolarisasi,
sedemikian rupa
sehingga terjadi
undershoot pada akhir
action potential

Equilibrium
membran
potential
dikembalikan
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 Action
Potential
Sequence

 Na+-K+ pump (pompa Na+-K+)

berfungsi mengembalikan keadaan
serupa, yaitu RMP.
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Membrane & Channel Changes
during an Action Potential

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 Refractory Period
 Two types
 Absolute
 When Na+ channels close, at peak
of AP, they do not reopen for a time
 Relative
 Membrane hyperpolarized
 Some Na+ channels still refractory

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 Propagation of the Action
Potential
 Action Potential spreads down
the axon in a chain reaction
 Unidirectional
 it does not spread into the cell body
and dendrite due to absence of
voltage-gated channels there
 Refraction prevents spread back
across axon

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 Propagation of the Action
Potential
 Speed of propagation varies with
the axon diameter
 Faster with larger axons
 In large axons of mammals
 5m/second 2um axons
 20m/second in 20um axons

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 Propagation of the Action
Potential
 Speed of propagation also
assisted by the myelin sheath
 Provides resistance to AP
 Regular gaps in the myelin
sheath (1mm intervals)
 “Nodes of Ranvier”
 Increase conduction speed up to 15
times

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 Terima Kasih
www.flickr.com/humanis

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