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© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 1
Harmonic Basics
Outline
§ Harmonic definition
§ Harmonic sources
§ Problems caused by harmonic
§ Solutions to harmonic problems
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 2
Harmonic Basics
Outline
§ Harmonic definition
§ Harmonic sources
§ Problems caused by harmonic
§ Solutions to harmonic problems
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 3
Harmonic analysis
What are harmonics
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 4
Harmonic analysis
Harmonics representation
Frequency domain
Time domain 25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 5
Harmonic analysis
Fourier analysis
MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION:
§ Any periodical waveform can be decomposed into a series
of sinewave forms at different frequencies.
ELECTRICAL REPRESENTATION:
§ The distorted voltage or current waveform can be seen as
an add-up of many different frequency voltage and current
sinewave forms.
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 6
Harmonic analysis
Fourier analysis
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 7
Harmonic analysis
Fourier analysis
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 8
H1+H5 H1+H5+H7
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 8
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
å k
C 2
k =2
§ THD = ( expressed in %)
C1
§ THD(U): meaningful
§ THD(I): ??? what is the reference ???
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 9
Harmonic Basics
Outline
§ Harmonic definition
§ Harmonic sources
§ Problems caused by harmonic
§ Solutions to harmonic problems
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 10
Where do the harmonics come from ?
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 11
Where do the harmonics come from ?
Fluorescent lighting systems
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 12
Where do the harmonics come from ?
§ Computers
§ Printers
§ Faxing machines
§ ...
Small but
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 13
Lighting technologies
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 14
LED bulbs and harmonics
IEC 61000-3-2 harmonic emission limits
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 15
Harmonic content
LEDs and CFLs with dimming mode
Source: « Investigation of harmonic generation from dimmable LED lamps » - Sohal Uddin, Hussain
Shareef – Azah Mohamed, MA Hannan – Dept of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia – April 2013
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 16
Where to find harmonic loads ?
Summarized
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 17
Harmonic Basics
Outline
§ Harmonic definition
§ Harmonic sources
§ Problems caused by harmonic
§ Solutions to harmonic problems
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 18
LV installation power quality overview
Peak and RMS distortion
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 19
Problems created by harmonics
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 20
Problems created by harmonics
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 21
Problems created by harmonics
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 22
Problems created by harmonics
§ Motor problems
§ Additional losses in windings & iron
(RMS increase & skin effect)
§ Perturbing torques on shaft
(negative sequence harmonics)
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 23
Harmonics classification
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 24
Problems created by harmonics
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 25
Problems created by harmonics
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July 28, 2016 | Slide 26
Problems created by harmonics
Capacitor problems
ZC # 1/f
& =
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 27
Harmonic Basics
Outline
§ Harmonic definition
§ Harmonic sources
§ Problems caused by harmonic
§ Solutions to harmonic problems
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 28
Harmonic Basics
Solutions to harmonic problems
Active front end • IGBT front end converter draw nearly sinewave current
drives from power supply
© ABB Group
July 28, 2016 | Slide 29